1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Onsite and Offsite Benefits of SLM

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Cesos - Centro de Estudios para la Sostenibilidad - Fundación Wajari (Wajari) - 哥伦比亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Agroforestry system of cacao crop under gallery forest shadow as family agriculture. It is located at the Pozetas Stream, in the Cusiana River Basin, Floodable Savannas of the Colombian Orinoco.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The agroforestry system of cacao crop planted under gallery forest is a private farmer initiative for family agriculture. The Crop is located in the gallery forest of Pozetas Stream, in the Cusiana River Basin. It is at the beginning of the Orinoco Floodable Savanas (250m a.s.l.). Municipality of Tauramena (Casanare), Colombia.

The cacao growths in an area of 4 hectares, being considered small farming, according to the Orinoco Regional scale. The cacao density is 1080 plants/hectare and the distance between plants is 3m. In this area, after tree thinning, the forest occupies 30% approximately. Some of the common tree species are Cedrus spp., Ficus spp. and Anadenanthera peregrina, among others.

The purpose of the technology is to use the gallery forest land in a productive way to generate income for the family, while keeping part of the forest. As cacao needs some shadow, specially in early growth stage, it is planted under the forest creating the agroforestry system.

Cacao seed germination and seedling preparation, gallery forest thinning and soil improvement with lime and organic fertilizer (rice husk), and finally planting, are the main establishment activities. Then the maintenance activities include cutting weeds, trimming cacao trees and fertilization every 2-3 months.

The cacao crop has produced fruits since the sixth year of being planted (2010) and is harvested every two weeks. It presents two yield peaks, the first one is in May-June and the second one in October-November. However it produces fruits along the year.

This technology provides additional income to the family, while conserving part of the original gallery forest. The more complex and diverse production system might favored pollination and crop health. The technology compared with other land uses around it such as oil palm tree and rice is more sustainable and it is something the land users prefer. They also like the value added to the cacao beens by processing their self the cacao beens to produce hand made 100% cacao bars for drinking chocolate.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2010

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

注释（项目类型等）:

It is a private initiative, introduced by a small farmer family to use the forest. They have use a bank loan to establish the cacao crop.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林业

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 是（请在技术实施前填写以下有关土地利用的问题）

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

注释:

During rainy season (April-November), rain provides enough water for the cacao crop. During dry season (December-March), when there is almost not rain, the cacao is irrigated by channels.

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 减少基于生态系统的灾害风险

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

注释:

The agroforestry system of cacao and gallery forest reduces land degradation compared with other neighboring land uses, such as extensive rice fields.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Colombian Pesos

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

3750.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Seed germination	Enero
2.	Plant nursery establishment	Febrero
3.	Clear felling of 70% of native forest in the area	Febrero
4.	Sow hole digging	April-May (beginning of rainy season)
5.	Addition of lime and rice husk to the sow hole	April-May (beginning of rainy season)
6.	Cacao seedling planting in field	April-May (beginning of rainy season)

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Forest thinning to open cropland	ha	4.0	150000.0	600000.0	100.0
劳动力	Sow hole preparation and seedling planting	ha	4.0	575000.0	2300000.0	100.0
植物材料	Cacao seeds	seed	5400.0	25.0	135000.0	100.0
植物材料	cacao seedlings	seedling	5000.0	500.0	2500000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Lime sack	50 kg	10.0	12000.0	120000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Rice husk	container	1.0	400000.0	400000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					6055000.0
技术建立总成本，美元					1614.67

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Cutting of weeds, specially around each cacao tree	Every 2 months
2.	Cacao tree trimming	Every 2 months
3.	Fertilization	Every 2-3 months
4.	Harvesting	Every 2 weeks

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Cutting of weeds, specially around each cacao tree	day	18.0	45000.0	810000.0	100.0
劳动力	Cacao tree trimming	day	12.0	45000.0	540000.0	100.0
劳动力	Fertilization and soil amendment with lime	day	13.0	45000.0	585000.0	100.0
劳动力	Harvesting	day	24.0	45000.0	1080000.0	100.0
设备	Manual tools (e.g. machete, trimmer, shovel)	kit	1.0	150.0	150.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Lime sack	50 Kg	10.0	12000.0	120000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Fertilizer sack	50 Kg	40.0	96000.0	3840000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					6975150.0
技术维护总成本，美元					1860.04

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The plant material from seeds to seedlings are the highest cost for the technology establishment. Then, the fertilization is an important maintenance cost.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

The technology takes place in the transition from the Andes to the Orinoco Floodable Savannas which topography is flat.

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Fine and coarse mixed alluvial material.
Association: Plinthic Tropaquepts; typic quartzipsamme
Poor drained, low PH and fertility.
According to the Soils of Casanare Department Map. 1:100.000. Agustin Codazzi Geographic Institute. Colombia

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

规律性:

偶然

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Rainy season occurs from April to November, during these months, especially July and October there is excess of water availability. Then, during dry season, especially at the end in March, water availability is scarce.

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Gallery forests along the streams and rivers of the Orinoco Basin present higher biodiversity in comparison to the surrounding savanna. In general the Orinoco basin is recognized as Global Outstanding Ecoregion (WWF).

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

The technology is implemented by an elderly couple of small farmers.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 租赁

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

具体说明:

The land owners got the land from parent´s heritage.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
季节性温度	旱季	增加	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
The technology generates Income along the year and keep us busy.
It is a way of having a crop and the gallery forest together.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The more complex and diverse production system might favored pollination and crop health.
The technology compared with other land uses around it such as oil palm tree and rice is more sustainable.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
It takes 6 years to begin to produce, but during the first years it is still requirement all maintenance activities	Planting cacao varieties, which produce fruits in less than 6 years.
There is little support for small farmers an entrepreneur initiatives, from public and private institutions, when then do not belong to any project.	By planning the potential occurrence of technologies/ initiatives,FF that is worth to give support, especially from public institutions and plan some resources for it.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Gallery forest thinning to open cropland is about 70%, which is a high portion of forest. The more gallery forest is protected, the better buffering for extreme climatic events	Using cacao tree varieties with more shadow tolerance, which let leave more forest percent in the agroforestry system

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Policy Brief: Land Use Change Impacts in the Cusiana Watershed of the River Basin, Orinoco River Basin, Colombia Author: Liniger HP, Vega LF, Ramírez BH, Eichenberger J, Year: 2020

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://www.wocat.net/en/projects-and-countries/projects/onsite-and-offsite-benefits-sustainable-land-management/colombia

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Video: Land Use Change Impacts in the Cusiana Watershed of the River Basin, Orinoco River Basin, Colombia. Author: Liniger HP, Vega LF, Ramírez BH, Eichenberger J, Year: 2020

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://vimeo.com/429999595