1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Soil and water protection (EU-SOWAP)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Farmin & wildlife advisory group (FWAG) - 英国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

21/02/2005

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Non-inversion tillage to create a seedbed

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Non-inversion tillage to provide suitable seedbed for following crop.

Purpose of the Technology: Even and cost-effective crop establishment, saving time and benefiting the environment. Maintenance: annually, per crop,

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: innovative farmer reducing impacts of farming on the environemnt, expanding his businesss and saving time

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soil erosion and compaction caused by inappropriate land use and intensive grazing respectively

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Soil erosion and capping of the soil

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: winter wheat - winter oilseed rape - winter wheat - beans - winter wheat

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 300 Longest growing period from month to month: Sep - Jul

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 最小的土壤扰动

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.78 m2.

Farm is a total of 126ha of which 28ha are grazed, 9ha are under environmental stewardship and 7ha are set aside

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wo: offsite degradation effects, Pk: sealing and crusting

Main causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (economic viability), poverty / wealth (lack of captial), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: improvement of soil structure

Secondary technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, improvement of ground cover, increase in organic matter, increase in soil fertility

Early planting
Material/ species: crop
Quantity/ density: depends on

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: crop residue
Quantity/ density: 2-5 t/ha
Remarks: residue chopped + spread over width of combine

Mineral (inorganic) fertilizers
Remarks: broadcast

Soil conditioners (lime, gypsum)
Material/ species: biosolids (from Aug05)

Breaking compacted topsoil
Remarks: when required

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

£

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

0.56

4.4 技术建立活动

注释:

Additional info: - Year2: surface cultivation: mid September / per crop - Year2: drill: mid September / per crop - Year2: roll: mid September / per crop - Year3: shallow sub-soil: November / per crop - Year3: drill: November / per crop

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Year1: shallow sub-soil	农业学的	3rd-4th week in August / annual
2.	Year1: spray with non-selective herbicide (glyphosate)	农业学的	late August/ early September / annual
3.	Year1: drill	农业学的	late August/ early September, 3-4 days after spraying / annual
4.	Year1: roll (optional)	农业学的	after drilling / annual
5.	Year2: surface cultivation (more in Annex 3)	农业学的	mid August / per crop

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
设备	Equipment (year1)-machine hour
设备	Equipment (year2)-machine hour
设备	Equipment (year3)-machine hour

注释:

Machinery/ tools: Vaderstad Carrier, Vaderstad drill and roller

Only crop establishment costs are included as all other costs - seed, fertilisers, pesticides - are equivalent with those for conventionally mouldboard ploughing. The costs highlghted include labour. Equivalent crop establishment costs by ploughing are 225 (year1), 231 (year2), 190 (year3)

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

slope (steeper slopes require more horsepower), state of the soil, climate, crop

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is medium
Soil drainage/infiltration is good

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2

Annual population growth: < 0.5%

5% of the land users are very rich and own 20% of the land.
10% of the land users are rich and own 20% of the land.
85% of the land users are average wealthy and own 60% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: Contracting work forms greater part of income

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

• Other

土地使用权:

• 租赁

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

其它社会经济效应

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

1 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Driven by economics

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Increased work rate making operations quicker
Better trafficability
Less at risk of weather
Earlier drilling. It is a systems approach - minimum tillage combined with early drilling and low seed rates

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Increased work rate How can they be sustained / enhanced? Better planning
Improved soil organic matter
(Possible) soil structure improvements
Improved soil ecology and other wildlife benefits

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Dependent on dry weather	Co-operation with other farmers or larger acreage
Machinery more complex and expensive	A combination of crop rotation, pesticides and stale seedbeds
Increasing grass weed populations	Does not necessarily mean spending money eg utilising old equipment on farm like subsoilers. However, need the right attitude
Need to be experimental	Accept advice for varying sources, talk to different people
Advice can be fragmented/ confusing

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Technological knowledge of farmer	Training and education, dissemination
Initial high capital investment	Extended finance
Possible increasing weed populations	More diverse management options - cultural and chemical
Need to expand acreage to cover capital costs	More diverse crop rotation but perhaps this is insufficient to retain economic viability

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

SOWAP project

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

www.sowap.org

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

L and D farming

URL:

www.landdfarming.co.uk

标题/说明:

Vaderstad machinery

URL:

www.vaderstad.com