1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Cultivating a mixture of crops with different heights (multi-storey) and growth characteristics which together optimise the use of soil, moisture and space.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Under the maramihang pagtatanim multi-storey cropping system, perennial crops (coconut, banana, coffee, papaya, pineapple) and annuals/biennials (root crops: taro, yam, sweet potato etc) are interplanted to maximise productivity and income. This is most applicable where farms are small and the system needs to be intensive. In this particular area, Cavite, coconuts are usually planted first. When they reach a height of 4.5 meters (after 3-4 years), bananas, coffee and/or papaya are planted underneath. Black pepper may also be part of the system. After sufficient space has developed at ground level in about three to four years, root crops are planted. At full establishment, the system develops different layers: coconut (tallest) followed by banana, coffee, papaya (middle), root crops and pineapple (lowest). In recent years, because of its relatively low productivity and decreasing price, coconut has tended to be replaced in the system with higher value crops like the fruit tree santol (Sandoricum koetjape), papaya and sometimes black pepper. However most multi-storey farms adhere to no specific planting layout. The multi-storey agroforestry system is intended to make the best use of resources (soil, moisture and space) for increased farm income. It is also very effective against soil erosion. Previously, continuous monocropping of annual crops resulted in erosion and serious soil fertility decline. Even though the land is sloping and rainfall during the monsoon is extremely intensive, multi-storey cropping provides adequate soil cover throughout the year, protecting the land from erosion.

Fertilization, weeding and pruning are necessary elements of maintenance. ‘Natural’ mulching through fallen leaves from leguminous trees helps restore and maintain soil fertility The system is applied in a volcanic-derived soil with distinct wet and dry periods (6 months wet season, 6 months dry season). There is the risk of a destructive typhoon every 10 years. Farm income is relatively high, but labour and input costs are also high - and the technology is mostly used by relatively wealthy landowners. There is strong spontaneous adoption, as maramihang pagtatanim has been proven to be effective and remunerative. This technology has been practiced in Cavite since the 1970s. Implementation is by individual farmers with strong extension support from the Local Government Units (LGUs), NGOs and the Cavite State University.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

菲律宾

区域/州/省:

Philippines, Cavite

有关地点的进一步说明:

Cavite

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果技术均匀分布在一个区域，则指定覆盖的区域（单位为平方千米）:

40.0

如果不知道精确的区域，请注明大致覆盖的区域:

• 10-100 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 40 km2.
Six adjacent municipalities are practicing multi-storey cropping as a system. This is meant to increase income particularly for small farmers.

Map

×

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

注释（项目类型等）:

It evolved in the area due to necessity.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林业

农田

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 240, Longest growing period from month to month: May - Jan; Second longest growing period in days: 210, Second longest growing period from month to month: May - Dec

森林/林地

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Productivity decline, unstable prices of agricultural products and high costs of inputs are the main land use problems. Inputs also have to be increased to maintain the same yield level in annual cropping systems. There is a severe land use competition: a large proportion of the land is being converted to non-agricultural uses, especially residential and industrial areas because of the proximity to the rapidly expanding capital.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Productivity decline and unfavourable prices of agricultural products. High costs of inputs.

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 改良的地面/植被覆盖

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

农艺措施

• A1：植被和土壤覆盖层
• A2：有机质/土壤肥力

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

土壤水蚀

• Wt：表土流失/地表侵蚀

化学性土壤退化

• Cn：肥力下降和有机质含量下降（非侵蚀所致）

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Multi-storey cropping includes various species interplanted systematically to optimise use of resources: pineapple and other
root crops (lowest storey); rows of banana trees, coffee and papaya (middle storey); rows of coconut (highest storey). Note: in practice farmers adjust this layout to meet their needs.

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate
Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate
Main technical functions: control of raindrop splash, improvement of ground cover
Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, increase in organic matter

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: coconut, papaya, coffee, banana, pineapple, black pepper, taro, yam...
Quantity/ density: 2500
Remarks: in rows random

Vegetative measure: tree/shrub cover (multi-storey, aligned)
Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs
Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs
Fruit trees / shrubs species: coconut, coffee, banana, pineapple, black pepper

作者:

Mats Gurtner

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Peso

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

50.0

4.3 技术建立活动

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 60 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

Machinery/ tools: animal draft wooden plough, machete, iron bar and spade, machetes, harrows, bolo.
Cost was calculated assuming a per hectare population of 100 coconuts, 400 coffee plants and 3,000 pineapples.
Maintenance activities entail more work than during the establishment phase. Note that the establishment phase usually lasts for 4-5 years, so the labour is spread, unlike during the maintenance phase when all of the components have to be attended to.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labor is the most crucial especially during land preparation and planting, maintenance and harvesting.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: > 500 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
10% of the land users are very rich and own 40% of the land.
60% of the land users are rich and own 40% of the land.
20% of the land users are average wealthy and own 15% of the land.
10% of the land users are poor and own 5% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: remittances from employment of at least one member of the household. Trading is also important.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

其它社会经济效应

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
1000 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology. The technology has been proven to be very effective

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Field Report: Multi-Storey Cropping System of Silang, Cavite, Philippines

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Bureau of Soils and Water Management, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

FAO and IIRR. Resource management for upland areas in Southeast Asia. FARM Field Document 2. 1995.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Bangkok, Thailand and International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, Silang, Cavite, Philippines.