1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

The Transboundary Agro-ecosystem Management Project for the Kagera River Basin (GEF-FAO / Kagera TAMP )

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Karagwe District (Karagwe District) - 坦桑尼亚联合共和国

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO Food and Agriculture Organization) - 意大利

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Traditional way of trees planting in hedges around the field /shamba.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Different tree spiecies are planted in rows arround the field/shamba mixed with shrubs ,tall trees are planted 3_5m plant to plant and shrubs are planted in between those tall trees. Tree spiecies are Phicus spp (mitoma), Makhamia spp (mishambya), Maepsis eminii (mihumula), Grivelia robuster, Cidrella odora, Acrocupuss spp. Shrub spp_Rukwatango, Dracaena usambarensis (Emigorola), Emikelele, Cassava (Manhot esculentas)

Purpose of the Technology: Purpose: Control soil ersion,Wind breaks,Provision of fire wood and Timbers. (Soil concervation improvement)

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Established by planting tree seedlings, Cuttings some times seeds. Maintained by weeding, prunning, Gap filling and Harvesting.

Natural / human environment: Decrease water run off, Act as a demacation of the field, Provide building poles. It can reduce conflict of resources especially fire wood and land.

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Without land concervation soil erosion and windwill be a crutial problem in the area.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Land scacity greater problems on fire wood,Timber and building poles

Selective felling of (semi-) natural forests: For chalcoal burning
Clear felling of (semi-)natural forests: For agronomic purposes
Plantation forestry: Bush fire and maintanences

Problems / comments regarding forest use: There is rapid increase in population so the efectively use of the technologt is very important to the house hold and all community arround the area.

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Forests / woodlands: Fo: Other

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 防风林/防护林带

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 1,000-10,000 平方千米

注释:

It is very important for farmers to adopt the technology due to its positively beneficeries such as Fencing, Demacating, Wind breakers, Erosion control, Shade, Humas increase, Fire wood, Timber and building poles.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (Tree cuting for domestic uses), change of seasonal rainfall (From 13oo _ 1800mm to1100-1300mm), education, access to knowledge and support services (No outreach program)

Secondary causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (Farming activities), overgrazing (Free range system of grazing), change in temperature (From 20c to26c), droughts (Extended dry season), population pressure (Increase in population), poverty / wealth (Lack of fund)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high (Facilitater)
Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate (Farmer)

Main technical functions: control of raindrop splash, improvement of topsoil structure (compaction)
Secondary technical functions: increase in organic matter

Aligned: -graded strips
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 1667
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 3
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 3
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 3
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 3

Aligned: -against wind
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 1250
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 5
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 5
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 5
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 5

Aligned: -along boundary
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 3
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 3
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 3
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 3

Aligned: -linear
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 25

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Planting tree seedlings and cuttings	植物性的	Sept,Oct & March

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Planting tree seedlings and cuttings	days/unit	5.0	1.304	6.52	100.0
设备	Handhoes	unit	1.0	5.0	5.0	100.0
设备	Machete	unit	1.0	3.13	3.13	100.0
设备	Kihosho (Digger)	unit	1.0	3.13	3.13	100.0
植物材料	Seedlings, cuttings and seeds	unit	1.0	3.13	3.13	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					20.91

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Weeding	植物性的	Adhoc
2.	Pruning	植物性的	Adhoc
3.	Purchase Seedlings,cuttings and seeds	植物性的

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Weeding	persons/day/ha	10.0	1.25	12.5	100.0
劳动力	Prunning	persons/day/ha	5.0	1.25	6.25	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					18.75

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Landforms: Hill slopes and footslopes less common
Slopes on average: Few areas are hilly

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Shallow due to presence of shrubs and grasses and moderately deep when there is natural vegetation (Presence of Big trees).
Topsoil organic matter: Little decomposion due to lack of natural forest
Soil fertility is medium and it is loamy, so several crops can grow
Soil drainage / infiltration is good for coarse soil texture and medium for loamy soil.
Soil water storage capacity is medium in loamy soils nad low in sandy ones.

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Ground water table: 5-50 m when there os natural plantation.
Availability of surface water: Good during rain season and medium during dry season
Water quality: Good drinking water frequenttly throughout the year and poor during dry season

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Difference in the involvement of women and men: The land is owned by men
Population density: < 10 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 1% - 2%
1% of the land users are very rich and own 20% of the land (Previleged people).
9% of the land users are rich and own 30% of the land (Business and civil servant people).
60% of the land users are average wealthy and own 40% of the land (Midium farmers).
25% of the land users are poor and own 8% of the land (People with little area for cultivation).
5% of the land users are poor and own 2% of the land (People with no area.).

Off-farm income specification: They may have a risk to reasource conflicts like firewood and land since the ownership are access
to their reasources and not for else one.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄
• 个人，未命名

注释:

Majority of land users are not tittled

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

生态影响

水循环/径流

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

注释:

This spiecies of tree are tolerant and adaptive climatical changes Eg. Maepsis aminii, Makhamia lutea, Grevelia robuster, Calliandra spp.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The little costs needed in inicial stage of growth but in growing stages alitle efort is requered for prunning and harveting

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

2786 households covering 5 percent of stated area

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

2651 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
Comments on acceptance with external material support: The planted trees are for sustainable land management they should be maintained and protect from ilegal harvesting.the trees must have sustanably uses.
135 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
Comments on spontaneous adoption: Spontaneous adoption is slowly becouse there is no forcingimpact from the government.
There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Access to fire wood for domestic use.
Access to timber for home uses.
Timber for community development activities such Schools and Health centers

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Conflict resolution among owners and neighbours
Bounder of the field/farm
Provision of timber, Fire wood.
Fodder and medicinal
Reduce soil erosion and water run off

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Labour costs.	Sale of livestock and cash crops.
Time consuming to reach harvest period.	To have seasonal crop as an orternative means.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Drought	Prunning
Bush fire	Make a farrow to cut off root penetration to the crop
Heavy shade
Nutrient competition with crops

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Kagera TAMP project website

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

WOCAT