1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CSE (CSE) - 塞内加尔

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

07/08/2009

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

A tropical homegarden of about 0.5 ha with a variety of exotic and indigenous tree species, planted or raised for fruit production, medicinal value and / or other services, intercropped with vegetables in the herbaceous layer.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

During the dry season, tomato, eggplant, chili, beans, cabbage, okra and bissap are cultivated, in the rainy season replaced with maïz. One part of the garden is cultivated with cassava, planted in the rainy season and harvested all year round. Main tree species are Prosopis juliflora, Citrus sp. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis. A hedge of mainly dead wood, alive Euphorbia balsamifera shrubs and few Eucalyptus camaldulensis trees is protecting the homegarden from roaming animals. It has the positive off-site effect of preventing the temporary pond beneath the plot from being filled up with sediments, as a consequence of wind erosion. Organic manure obtained from cattle faeces is used as a natural fertilizer.

Purpose of the Technology: The garden was established and is managed by a single land user and his family. Main objectives are to provide food security for his family, to make a wide range of fruits and vegetables available in a zone far from the next market and to improve income through diversification. As the plot is situated on a slope (7 %) and prone to water erosion during heavy rains, a further objective is to prevent the formation of gullies and ravines through better soil stabilization.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Trees planted in this plot were chosen upon seed or seedling availability in other peoples land as the land user planted whatever he could obtain. He constructed a fence of dead wood with the aim to turn it into a life fence of Eucalyptus camaldulensis trees later. A small retention basin was built to assure the storage of water tapped from the village borehole. However, because of breakdowns of the pump and the generally low outflow of the borehole, lack of water caused high mortality in the tree nursery of Eucalyptus camaldulensis seedlings. The fence therefore remains a mainly dead fence and is very weak in certain places. The main cost of the technology is the access to the borehole which costs the landuser 20'000 CFA (US-Dollar 45) per month. For the purchase of seeds for horticulture about 15'000 CFA (US-Dollar 33.50) are spent per year. The use of organic manure does not involve any costs as cattle is abundant in the area.

Natural / human environment: This SLM technology site is located in the sylvopastoral region of the Ferlo in the north of Sénégal. The agro-climatic zone is classified as semi-arid with mean annual precipitation of 300-400 mm. The main land use type in the area is extensive pastoralism followed by rainfed agriculture. Pastoralism is primarily practiced by transhumant Fula (Peulh) herders and further by Mauritanian Moor herders with herds of dromedaries. Vegetation cover in the area has largely been degraded due to cutting for domestic uses and cattle feeding, bushfires and overgrazing. The soil is exposed to wind erosion which carries away nutrients in the topsoil and therefore declines soil fertility. During intense rains in the rainy season, surface runoff is accelerated and leads to the formation of gullies and ravines.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): degradation of vegetation cover, wind erosion, increased surface runoff, formation of gullies and ravines, management of natural water sources (people using temporary ponds for laundry and body hygiene and at the same time as sources of drinking water)

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): surface runoff, formation of gullies and ravines, decrease of soil fertility, wind erosion, limited water access, presence of insect pests

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

注释:

Water supply: rainfed, mixed rainfed - irrigated

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 120Longest growing period from month to month: Jul-Oct

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 防风林/防护林带
• 轮作制度（轮作、休耕、轮垦）

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

注释:

The surface of this homegarden is about 0.5 ha

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: vegetative measures

Secondary measures: agronomic measures

Type of agronomic measures: retaining more vegetation cover, manure / compost / residues

Type of vegetative measures: scattered / dispersed

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Bs: quality and species composition /diversity decline

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Et: loss of topsoil, Eo: offsite degradation effects

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (for domestic uses), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, overgrazing (by oversized cattle and dromadaires herds), poverty / wealth (poverty), education, access to knowledge and support services

Secondary causes of degradation: soil management (absence (or insufficient use) of inorganic and organic fertilizers)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: (the landuser concerned does not have this level of knowledge)

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, improvement of ground cover, stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting, promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder)

Secondary technical functions: increase in organic matter, reduction in wind speed, increase of biomass (quantity)

Retaining more vegetation cover
Material/ species: trees
Quantity/ density: 118 / ha

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: organic manure

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 118

Trees/ shrubs species: Citrus sp. (planted), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (planted), Azadirachta indica (planted), Tamarindus i

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

CFA

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

455.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	access to irrigation water for tree nursery	植物性的	per month

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	seeds or seedlings for horticulture	植物性的	once a year

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	33.0	33.0	100.0
其它	Irrigation water	ha	1.0	45.0	45.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					78.0

注释:

Costs indicated apply to an agroforestry plot of 0.5 ha surface. No costs were involved with the initial planting of trees in the plot, as seedlings were either given by the extensive agent for "Water and Forest" or obtained from other landusers. Organic manure can be obtained for free due to the strong presence of cattle in the area. For the construction of the fence, dead wood was collected in the area.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

rainfall regime: water for irrigation needed during dry season

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Landforms: Valley floors (depression)
Slopes on average: Moderate (7%)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: Very low
Topsoil organic matter: Low (carbon in the labile fraction: 0.09 g / kg soil)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good
Soil water storage capacity: Low

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Water quality (untreated): Poor drinking water (treatment required, ranked 1, groundwater during dry season) and for agricultural use only (irrigation, ranked 2, surface water from temporary ponds during rainy season)

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Compared to other regions of the country

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Difference in the involvement of women and men: women can not aquire land to cultivate unless it is attributed to them by their husbands

Population density: < 10 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

22% of the land users are average wealthy.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州
• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	不好
局地风暴	未知

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	不好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	不好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: many inhabitants of this village try to establish similar plots

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
increase of product diversification, availability of vegetables in village
increase of revenues How can they be sustained / enhanced? increase production and fight against soil fertility decline
increased food security
increased availability of plants used in traditional medicine
mitigation of gully formation How can they be sustained / enhanced? improve strenght of fence

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
increased woody plant diversity and density How can they be sustained / enhanced? maintain trees in plot
the fence reduces siltation of the village's most important temporary pond beneath the plot How can they be sustained / enhanced? improve the fence with live trees

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
outflow of village borehole too weak to maintain irrigation of seedlings in tree nursery and vegetables	better maintenance of borehole
high mortality in tree nursery because insufficience of water	improve access to water from borehole

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
use of chemical pesticides against soil insects which are believed to be a cause for decline in soil fertility	research to know more about cause of fertility decline or use of biological pesticides
degradation of soil properties because of inappropriate soil management in parts of the plot	training in soil management for landuser
removal of herbaceous cover to gain space for cultivation	training
no system applied to distribution of trees in the field	apply structural soil conservation measures, such as terraces etc.
gully formation because of slope and weak fence threatens future maintenance of plot