1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

Incentive-based catchment treatment [玻利维亚，多民族国家]

A project supported, incentive-based approach: farmers are sensitised about erosion, and involved in gully control and other measures to protect catchments.

• 编制者： Unknown User
• 12/31/2008 midnight

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Integrated gully treatment consisting of several simple practices including stone and wooden check dams, cut-off drains and reforestation in sediment traps (biotrampas).

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The focus of the case study is a degraded catchment, located at high altitude (2,800–4,200 m a.s.l.), home to 37 households, which is characterised by severe gullies and landslides. Gullies are continuously expanding, and constitute a significant proportion of the catchment. These cause considerable loss of cropland as well as downstream damage to the city of Cochabamba.
A combination of structural and vegetative measures was designed and implemented with the purpose of: (1) preventing affected areas from further degradation by safely discharging runoff from the surrounding area through the main gullies down to the valley; (2) gradually stabilising the land through the regeneration of vegetative cover; (3) reducing downstream damage through floods and siltation; (4) ensuring accessibility to the mountainous agricultural area during the rainy season.
Cut-off drains at the heads of the gullies, reinforced with stones inside the channel and grassed bunds below, concentrate runoff and cascade it down over stone steps back into the waterways. Flow is controlled by stone and wooden check dams and discharged safely. Sediment is trapped behind these structures and terraces develop. Bushes or trees are planted above and below the check dams. Depending on availability of materials, wooden check dams are sometimes used and associated with tree planting (four trees above and four below each check dam).
These practices are complemented by SWC measures throughout the catchment: biotrampas are staggered sediment traps located on the steep lateral slopes. They comprise ditches behind wooden barriers where soil accumulates. Biotrampas create suitable sites for tree/bush planting while stabilising the hillsides, reducing erosion, increasing infiltration and slowing siltation of the check dams in the watercourses. Supporting technologies include fenced-off areas for reforestation of the lateral slopes/upper edge of the gully, and finally large gabion dams at the outlets of the gullies, usually 10-25 m in length, but exceptionally up to 200 m.
After a few years vegetation should have stabilised the system, and effectively replaced the wooden and stone constructions. The various practices enhance each other. Establishment is labour demanding, but other costs are low, as long as the material in question is locally obtainable. Maintenance costs are also low. The technology was implemented over a period of six years, starting in 1996, through the Programa de Manejo Integral de Cuencas (PROMIC).

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

玻利维亚，多民族国家

区域/州/省:

Cochabamba District,

有关地点的进一步说明:

Pajcha Watershed Cordillera del Tunari

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果技术均匀分布在一个区域，则指定覆盖的区域（单位为平方千米）:

6.0

如果不知道精确的区域，请注明大致覆盖的区域:

• 1-10 平方千米

Map

×

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

农田

• 一年一作

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 210 Longest growing period from month to month: Oct - Apr

牧场

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Deforestation, overgrazing and poorly managed channel irrigation in areas with steep slopes: poorly structured soils and
extreme climatic variability causing erosion gullies, landslides, downstream flooding and sedimentation of agricultural land and settlements - including the city of Cochabamba.

Longest growing period in days: 210 Longest growing period from month to month: Oct - Apr

Other grazingland: extensive grazing

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施
• 引水和排水

• Sediment traps

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

植物措施

• V1：乔木和灌木覆盖层

结构措施

• S2：堤、岸
• S3：分级沟渠、渠道、水道

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

土壤水蚀

• Wg：冲沟侵蚀/沟蚀
• Wm：块体运动/滑坡
• Wo：场外劣化效应

生物性退化

• Bq：数量/生物量减少

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Wm: mass movements / landslides, Wo: offsite degradation effects, Bq: quantity / biomass decline

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Gully control and catchment protection: an overview of the integrated measures. For details see drawings below.

Vegetative measure: grassed bunds
Vegetative material: G : grass

Structural measure: cut-off drains
Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate; Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length, improvement of ground cover, increase in organic matter, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting, control of concentrated runoff; Secondary technical functions: increase of infiltration, control of dispersed runoff

作者:

Mats Gurtner

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Insert 1: Stone-lined cut-off drain with grass-covered bund and live barriers.

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Insert 2: Wooden check dam: note that trees are established to further stabilise the gully (as for stone check dams).

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Insert 3: Stone check dam.

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Insert 4: Biotrampa: staggered structures which collect moisture and sediment for tree planting.

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.3 技术建立活动

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

4.5 维护/经常性活动

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

Costs have been calculated for the whole catchment (6 km2) – including 100 m of cut-off drains, 6,750 m of stone
check dams, 1,500 m of wooden check dams and 770 biotrampas – and then divided by the number of hectares. Wood is not locally available (because of national park laws) and needs to be brought into the area. Establishment and maintenance costs were paid by PROMIC during their intervention period of 6 years. The (high) costs of the gabion weirs further downstream are not included as these are not always required and vary considerably in size from site to site.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Slopes on average: Also very steep and hilly (both ranked 2) and moderate and rolling (both ranked 3)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Also Very shallow (ranked 2) and shallow as well as deep (both ranked 3)
Soil fertility: Low and very low
Topsoil organic matter: High (on the cropland at high altitudes) and low (in the gullies)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Market orientation: Subsistence (mostly subsistence (self-supply) with low market income)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

• communal grassland

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Only a few farmers have built new structures post-project. This is due to different reasons: (1) PROMIC stopped its financial support; (2) the gullied areas are not used by farmers, therefore they have little reason to protect them; (3) the catchment is w

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Documentation of PROMIC (see address above)

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

PROMIC, Programa de Manejo Integral
de Cuencas, Av. Atahuallpa final, Parque Tunari, casilla 4909, Cochabamba, Bolivia; promic@promic-bolivia.org; www.promic-bolivia.org