1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Book project: Making sense of research for sustainable land management (GLUES)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Sustainable Coastal Land Management (COMTESS / GLUES)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

University of Oldenburg (University of Oldenburg) - 德国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Land reclaimed from the sea – ‘the coastal region in north-western Germany needs to be artificially drained, and this will be an increasing challenge with climate change.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

In some coastal locations of north-western Germany, during the 19th and 20th century, land was reclaimed from the sea: at present, the land lies below sea level. It is protected from the sea by a wall called ‘dyke’. The reason for reclamation by drainage and walls was to make use of the fertile soil for intensive cropland or pastures. In the Landkreis Aurich region, agriculture is the most important form of land use: it is the main source of income, supplemented by tourism.

Purpose of the Technology: However, in anticipation of the expected increase in winter precipitation due to climate change, extra freshwater discharge will need to be dealt with. Furthermore, the periods when natural discharge of freshwater into the sea can occur is likely to become shorter, due to the sea level rising – again as a result of climate change. Consequently, in autumn and winter, more freshwater will have to be pumped into the sea rather than being discharged naturally during low tides.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: A dense drainage network enables intensive agriculture on the landward side of the primary sea wall. In total, one third of the Krummhörn community’s land is used for crops and one third as pasture. Drainage water from land which lies below sea level is pumped into the main drainage channels - which are at higher elevations and discharge naturally into the sea during low tides.

Natural / human environment: During storm tides when the sea level is high, large amounts of excess drainage water need to be pumped into the sea instead of naturally discharging. However, with climate change the present drainage network will no longer be capable of discharging all of the excess freshwater as a result of increased precipitation and sea level rise. This will require considerable investments in higher pumping capacities and an adapted drainage system with increased dimensions of ditches, as well as additional ditches in areas with a high flooding risk.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

注释（项目类型等）:

Traditional land use with dense drainage network to enable intensive agricultural land use in low elevated coastal landscapes.

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农牧业（包括农牧结合）

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Flood events and droughts may substantially disrupt the current land use system in the future and lead to higher drainage costs and higher economic risks for agricultural production. This will reduce the ecological and economic viability of the current intensive and highly productive land use under a changing climate.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): There is no awareness of risks due to climate change.

Livestock density: > 100 LU /km2

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

注释:

Mixed: Mp: Agro-pastoralism

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

注释:

Water supply: rainfed, mixed rainfed - irrigated

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 引水和排水
• 地表水管理（泉、河、湖、海）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Hg: change in groundwater / aquifer level

Main causes of degradation: change of seasonal rainfall (Climate change, higher rainfall in winter, lower in summer), Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts) (Heavy rainfall in winter due to climate change expected), floods (Flooding due to heavy rainfall in winter)

Secondary causes of degradation: droughts (Droughts due to less rainfall in summer (climate change))

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

EURO

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

0.94

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 3 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Maintenance of drainage system (ditches)	once per year

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
其它	Maintenance cost pre km ditch	km ditch		2270.7

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Cost are affected by soil types and cost of labour. The calculation is based on the mean costs over many years. This gives a mean annual cost of Euro 2,270 per km ditch per year. With 1,145 km of ditches this totals Euro 2,600,000 per year for the whole area (approx. 49,000 ha).

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is high
Soil drainage/infiltration is medium
Soil water storage capacity is high

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2

Annual population growth: < 0.5%

1% of the land users are very rich and own 1% of the land.
49% of the land users are rich and own 24% of the land.
50% of the land users are average wealthy and own 50% of the land.
and own 15% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: Many farmers do additional work in companies

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	不好
局地风暴	不好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	未知
climate change	不好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

Development of dense drainage network is very cost intensive but last for very long time. Maintainance cost are quite low compared to the benefits of intensive land use.

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 91-100%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: Well established technology in the whole region.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Optimal for agricultural production How can they be sustained / enhanced? Invest in infrastructure to maintain the system

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
High agricultural production How can they be sustained / enhanced? Strengthen the drainage system to adapt to climate change

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
High drainage costs	Development of water retention areas ( see A_GER001_en, A_GER002_en and A_GER003_en)
Landscape vulnerable to climate change	Development of water retention areas (see A_GER001_en, A_GER002_en and A_GER003_en)

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

http://www.comtess.uni-oldenburg.de/

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

http://www.comtess.uni-oldenburg.de/