1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Uganda Landcare Network (ULN) - 乌干达

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

13/4/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Home gardens provide low-income households with continuous food supply and increase the resilience of their livelihoods to climate change

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Home gardens are area where the cultivation of a small portion of land, usually around a homestead or within walking distance from the family home. Usually, a mixture of several crops that may include vegetables, fruits, plantation crops, spices, herbs, ornamental and medicinal plants as well as livestock that can serve as a supplementary source of food and income. Home gardens are a cropping system composed of soil, crops, weeds, pathogens and insects that convert resource inputs - solar energy, water, nutrients, labor, etc. - into food, feed, fuel, fiber and pharmaceuticals. Home gardens are important ways to ensure that the low-income households have access to the all the basic livelihood needs throughout the year. This is a resilience technology for resource-constrained farmers in remote parts of the world. During the wet season, farmers plant additional crops mainly vegetables to utilize the lower-storey niches because such crops are more shade tolerant. The multi-species and multi-canopy structure of the farming systems ensures stability against climate extremes such as drought, strong winds and dry spells.

The main features that characterize a home garden are (1) located near the residence; (2) containing a high diversity of plants; (3) production is supplemental rather than a main source of family consumption and income; (4) occupying a small area (~3 acres) and (5) requiring very low external inputs, relying mainly on recycling of crop residues and cow dung and seed from previous season’s harvest.

Home gardens play the role of producing subsistence items and generating additional income for the household. They are known for their stable yields, very varied products, continuous or repeated harvests during the year and low inputs. Whereas home gardens may not be the major sources of livelihood, they are known to contribute 10-35 percent of livelihoods of farmers and their productivity is reported to be up to 20 times that of other land uses such as irrigated fields, rise fields and fish ponds. home gardens are also an important source of nutrients providing approximately 10, 12, 150, 16, 31, 25 and 113 percent of the minimum daily requirement of protein, calcium, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid, respectively.

A large proportion of the products of home gardens is consumed by farmer families especially due to the remoteness of the area where a market economy has not yet developed. Home gardens also play sociol-cultural functions and provide products for religious rituals and ceremonies. The aesthetic role of home gardens is also considered important especially during the dry season when people spend evenings out in the garden. Hence, paying attention solely to the tangible economic and nutritional gains of home gardens, and agroforestry in general misses the various intangible ecological and social values.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2008

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 保护生态系统
• 降低灾害风险
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

All elements of agroforoestry are present in the home gardens

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

March to May and September to November

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 家庭花园

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

注释:

Home gardens are usually smaller than 3 acres

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 适应土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

A typical multilayered Ugandan homegarden structure showing approximate heights for a diversity of edible species. Plants numbered: 1. Carica papaya, 2. Solanum betaceum, 3. Artocarpus heterophyllus, 4. Solanum tuberosum, 5. Manihot esculenta, 6. Zea mays, 7. Mangifera indica, 8. Ocimum gratissimum, 9. Solanum lycopersicum, 10. Musa spp., 11. Psidium guajava, 12. Ipomoea batatas, 13. Passiflora spp., 14. Amarathus spp., 15. Solanum aethiopicum, 16. Xanthasoma spp., 17. Physalis peruviana, 18. Cucurbita spp., and 19. Capsicum spp.
- Land area is approximately 3 acres
-The mixture of plant species benefits form the various niches within the canopy
-Taller, light demanders occupy the upper canopy while the shorter shade tolerant ones occupy the lower canopy
- The homestead is within few meters (< 50 m) of the crop and livestock setting
- Livestock shelter usually located under trees to protect them from hot sunshine
- Kitchen residues are spread in the nearby are, providing fertility to the crops therein. Therefore, the plants nearer the house are generally more healthy
- The home garden is more or less a closed system with limited external input or export of resources to outside

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Uganda Shillings

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

3500.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Planting	农业学的	Start of wet season
2.	Weeding	管理	Throughout the year
3.	Manure management	管理	Throughout the year
4.	Pruning	农业学的	Throughout the year

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Planting	Days	20.0	5000.0	100000.0	100.0
劳动力	Weeding	Days	20.0	5000.0	100000.0	100.0
劳动力	Manure Management	Days	20.0	5000.0	100000.0	100.0
劳动力	Pruning	Days	20.0	5000.0	100000.0	100.0
植物材料	Seeds	kg	5.0	50000.0	250000.0	100.0
植物材料	Suckers and stem cuttings	pieces	200.0	500.0	100000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Animal manure	kg	2000.0	2000.0	4000000.0	100.0
施工材料	Poles	Pieces	100.0	5000.0	500000.0	100.0
施工材料	Nails	kg	15.0	3000.0	45000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					5295000.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Planting	农业学的	Once a year
2.	Weedindg	管理	Twice a year
3.	Prunning	管理	Three times a year
4.	Manure manageemnt	管理	Throughout the year

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

如果可能，按下表分解技术维护费用，并列明各项投入和每项投入的费用。如果您无法分解成本，给出维护该技术的总成本估算。:

300000.0

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Planting	Days	20.0	5000.0	100000.0	100.0
劳动力	Weeding	Days	20.0	5000.0	100000.0	100.0
劳动力	Manure management	Days	20.0	5000.0	100000.0	100.0
劳动力	Pruning	Days	20.0	5000.0	100000.0	100.0
设备				3.0
植物材料	Seeds	kg	2.0	30000.0	60000.0	100.0
植物材料	Suckers and stem cuttings	Pieces	50.0	500.0	25000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Manure	kg	2000.0	2000.0	4000000.0	100.0
施工材料	Poles	Pieces	30.0	5000.0	150000.0	100.0
施工材料	Nails	kg	5.0	5000.0	25000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					4660000.0

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour for maintaining the garden, especially pruning

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

生态影响

土壤

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
昆虫/蠕虫侵扰	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 10-50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Continuous supply for farm produce through out the year
Relatively easy access to planting materials since they are all obtained from within the home garden

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Diversity of the home garden implies resilience to extreme weather events like drought and dry spells
Home gardens provide a variety of products that diversify the diet of the participating household and therefore, improve nutrition security

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Labour intensive and takes place through out the year
Low amounts of produce per crop is inadequate to meet family needs	A portion of the home garden production needs to be commercialised so to generate income for the family

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Dependence on traditional practices develop a negative nutrient balance of the farming system	Include some fertilizer and pesticides to improve the nutrient balance
Failure to adequately prune heavy branches on large upper-storey trees can cause significant yield loss to under-storey species	Constant pruning to open up the canopy for sufficient light to flow into reach the lower canopy species

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Plants in the Homegardens in Uganda

URL:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325459387_Ethnobotany_and_Agrobiodiversity_Valuation_of_Plants_in_the_Homegardens_of_Southwestern_Uganda