1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO) - 乌干达

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

12/5/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

The technology is not problematic with regard to land degradation.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Mushroom (agaricus bisporus) cultivation is one of the profitable technologies promoted by small and medium scale farmers in urban setting fetching good returns on investment within a period of 30 days with the aim of obtaining tremendous nutritional benefits, employment and additional income gained by both farmers and suppliers of raw materials thus supporting the local economy and contributing to subsistence food security.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Mushroom cultivation is a preferred and promoted technology by small and medium scale farmers with less land holdings. The technology has the portential to generate considerable nutritional benefits, employment and additional income which, in return, is invested in sustainable land management practices. To date, the demand for mushrooms increases as the result of a fast population growth having less income and food supply. Hence, a growing number of farmers adopt the mushroom production technology.

To establish such a technology, materials required include: cotton, a metallic drum (100 litres), a gunny bag of the size of 100kg, water, tarpuline, lime/maize brand, polyethene bags, banana leaf stock, cooking stove, firewood, mushroom seeds, tooth picks/nails and strings of approx. 100m length.
Listed below are the activities / procedures required for the establishment of a mushroom cultivation in a homestead.

-Water-soak the cotton into the drum and cover the drum with a gunny bag
-Remove the water out of the drum. The soaked cotton remains in the drum for around 2 hours
-Remove the soaked cotton on to a taurpline sheet and mix it with cultural lime/rice brand /maze brand that is placed on the taurpline
-Get black polythene bags and pack 1 kg of cotton into each polythene bag
-Place the banana leaf stock at the bottom of the drum and fill it with 20 litres of water
-Cut the gunny bag in the middle and cover the inside part of the drum to prevent burning of the cotton in the polythene bags while boiling
-Place the cotton in polythene bags into the drum and put the drum on the cooking stove to heat. The first line of polythene bags should be bent to prevent boiling water to enter the cotton
-Cover the drum tight with gunny bags
-Steam for around 2 hours
-Remove the firewood to cool until the next day
-Then remove the cooled cotton and place it on the tarpuline
-Buy mushroom seeds, smash the seeds (i.e, one pack of seeds mixes 2 gardens)
-Each kg of cotton mixed containing the mushroom seeds should be squeezed into the black polythene bags in a ball shape and tied on top
-Then get a tooth pick or a nail and pinch down 3 to 4 holes for air to come out
-Tie strings to the packed polythene bags and hang them for 14 days. (Strings enable sprouting on the gardens from all sides). Having moderate light, water needs to be applied twice a day or thrice in case of dry season during a period of 3 weeks
-After 7 days, the mushrooms start sprouting
-Leave the mushroom on the garden for 2-3 days before harvesting
-Once mushrooms are ripe, get a sharp knife and cut the stem carefully

On harvesting, the first week yields 8 Kg every second day, thereafter 3 kg of mushrooms every second day during the second month. Drums can be replaced every after 4 months so that the cost of maintenance is kept relatively low.

Mushrooms are a source of nutrients and proteins (Protein content, 3-7% when fresh and 25- 40% when dry). They are useful in preventing diseases and have medicinal values. Environmentally, the growing of mushrooms reduces pollution through bio-conservation and improves on crop production since harvested manure from the used mushroom ‘garden’ can be recycled as fertilizers for vegetable gardens at homes.

Despite the advantages, the technology faces various challenges: These include lack of a workplace (physical facility), lack of finance and skills on hygiene and sterilization, compost preparation, market challenges that include instability and decrease in sales prices of the products and inputs. Environmental factors like humidity, Ph, light and ventilation if not controlled may influence the growing process. Insects, diseases and animals due to the enclosed environment in which the mushrooms grow are a high risk. This may result in disease infestations like snails infestation.

However, maintenance costs of this technology are cheaper compared to establishment costs with minimum costs required for replacing worn out poles, replacing drums which can be at least every after 5 months.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

• A friend

注释（项目类型等）:

Manure harvested from used up mushroom gardens is used as fertilizers in vegetable gardens.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

注释:

The technology is practiced in buildings hence it doesn't require water from the rain or any irrigation source.

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Once a month, so 12 seasons in a year

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 家庭花园

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

注释:

Mushroom are grown on a small area.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Indoor mushroom cultivation. Residues from the gardens on which mushrooms grow can be recycled for fertilizers which can later be applied onto lands or homestead gardens to improve on soil fertility.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 不适用

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The technical drawing shows the mushroom technology with the following dimensions and inputs required for establishment; a working place (room) of 20 feet long *20 feet wide
One timber of 10 m long length, one tarpaulin of 20 m length *20 m width, strings/ropes of 100m length in total, 10m papyrus mats (2) , polythene bags (of 1 kg ), nails (2 kgs), one drum and 5 bags of cement and 20 gardens.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Uganda shillings

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

3600.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Construction of a room of approximately 20*20feet	结构性的	Once through out the buisness enterprise
2.	Buying equipments like drum,cotton,garden,jerricans,tarpauline,polythen bags	结构性的	Once through out the business enterprise
3.	Hanging strings in the structure	结构性的	Once through out the busness enterprise

注释:

Most of the activities for mushroom growing are cost effective. This is because these items and activities are done once on commencement.

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Making a structure	Man day	1.0	30000.0	30000.0	100.0
劳动力	Hanging strings	Man day	1.0	10000.0	10000.0	100.0
设备	Drum	piece	1.0	50000.0	50000.0	100.0
设备	Cotton	piece	2.0	25000.0	50000.0	100.0
设备	Polythen bags	piece	2.0	3000.0	6000.0	100.0
设备	Jerricans	piece	4.0	5000.0	20000.0	100.0
施工材料	Strings	piece	5.0	3000.0	15000.0	100.0
施工材料	Poles	piece	20.0	3000.0	60000.0	100.0
施工材料	Nails	Kg	3.0	5000.0	15000.0	100.0
施工材料	Papyrus mats	piece	10.0	7000.0	70000.0	100.0
其它	Tarpuline	piece	1.0	20000.0	20000.0	100.0
其它	Seed packs	piece	50.0	2000.0	100000.0	100.0
其它	Maize brand	Kg	10.0	1000.0	10000.0	100.0
其它	Cultural lime	Kg	1.0	15000.0	15000.0	100.0
其它	Water	piece	10.0	300.0	3000.0	100.0
其它	Firewood	piece	5.0	2000.0	10000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					484000.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

National Agriculrueal Advisory Services (NAAD supported her with the drum).

注释:

The initial cost is relatively high for low income farmers although most acquire loans through farmer groups.

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Replace worn out poles	管理	Once a year
2.	Replace old drums	其它措施	Once a year
3.	Remove infestations by spraying snails	农业学的	Once a year
4.	Cleaning in the growing room	其它措施	Once a year

注释:

Most maintaince activities are not frequently made.

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
设备	Replace old poles	piece	10.0	3000.0	30000.0	100.0
设备	Replace old drums	piece	50000.0	1.0	50000.0	100.0
设备	Spray snails	man hour	3000.0	1.0	3000.0	100.0
设备	Cleaning the room in which mushrooms grow on their gardens	man hour	5000.0	1.0	5000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					88000.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

All costs are met by the farmer.

注释:

Maintenance costs are less because items are replaced once in a year. This makes the technology cost-efficient.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

有关影响评估的意见:

Not applicable to the technology

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
昆虫/蠕虫侵扰	适度

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

There is high returns on investments.

6.5 技术采用

• 大于 50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

Most of the farmers support themselves.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Creates job opportunities.
Increases income to farmers.
Creates socio relations among farmers.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
It requires a small piece of land to set up the enterprise.
Promotes soil conservation through fertilizer collected from used up gardens.
Improves on nutritional values hence human welfare improved.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Sometimes mushrooms fail to grow if proper parameters are not maintained.	Maintaining proper parameters in the growing room.
Snails may lead to infestations of the mushroom cultivation.	Continuous spraying of gardens.
If a farmer lacks skills, mushroom growth may be hard.	By acquiring skills.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Its a tedious work.	Engaging all family members.
Price fluctuation of the products.	Encouraging farmers to produce a lot of mushrooms.
The initial capital may be higher for a beginner.	Acquiring capital from farmers groups.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Mushroom farming in Kenya: How you can make your first Ksh 1.000.000 in just 2 months.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://www.kuzabiashara.co.ke/blog/mushroom-millions/

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Mushroom cultivation in Uganda,Kenya,Tanzania and Rwanda

URL:

https://www.aboutuganda.com/uganda/agriculture/mushroom-growing