1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Decision Support for Mainstreaming and Scaling out Sustainable Land Management (GEF-FAO / DS-SLM)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Land Development Department (Land Development Department) - 泰国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Allocating and managing small-scale farm areas to make them suitable for agricultural production under the highest levels of integration and efficiency.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The new theory of agriculture is the application of improved mixed farming systems to poor farmers with smallholdings - for example in Chang Sai sub-district, Phra Phrom district, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand. The most important concept underlying the new theory of farming is efficient allocation of land to serve the different needs of farm households. This includes paddy fields, farm ponds for water and fish, and cash crops, fruit trees, and trees for farm income, plus a residential area. It's goal is solving the problem of shortage of land and water resources, which is a very serious problem in Thailand, in order to help smallholder farmers make a living. Apart from the fact that the size of the farm and water resources are the limiting factors in this area, the land is also degraded by both natural and human activities. The area is classified as sand dunes with low to very low soil fertility where farmers mostly grow the same crops continuously. This results in high risk of fluctuations in the amount of production - and insufficient food crop production for household consumption. Therefore, land allocation for agriculture under the concept of the new theory of agriculture is the appropriate use of resources in small-scale areas for optimal benefits and increases in household incomes. Nowadays, farmers in adjacent areas are realizing the benefits obtained from land allocation, and they have formed a group to improve the use of their small-scale holdings for optimal benefits.

The new agricultural theory was initiated by His Majesty the Late King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand to provide help for farmers with small-scale farms. For land allocation, the land is divided into 4 parts. Part 1 is designated for a pond to store rainwater during the rainy season and to supply water to grow crops in the dry season as well as for raising aquatic animals (fish, field crabs) and plants (such as morning glory, water mimosa, etc.). Part 2 is set aside for rice cultivation during the rainy season as the daily staple in households throughout the year, which cuts down on expenses and allows the farmers to be self-reliant. Part 3 is used for growing fruit trees, perennials, vegetables, and field crops for daily consumption. If there is any surplus from consumption, it can be sold. Part 4 is used for dwellings, animal husbandry, roads and other structures - including barns, strawstacks, compost, houses, mushroom nurseries, stalls, flowering-plants, ornamental plants, home-grown vegetables in backyard gardens. The proportion of the area in each section can be adjusted for either increase or decrease depending on the conditions of each location and the necessity of farmers who make use of the area, but it is usually 30:30:30:10.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2010

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

This technology was initiated by His Majesty the Late King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand and disseminated to farmers by several departments under Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

注释:

Crops include rice, vegetable, limes, tropical fruits, and trees, while aquatic animals include a variety of fishes and crabs.

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 是（请在技术实施前填写以下有关土地利用的问题）

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 集水
• 家庭花园

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Baht

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

33.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Pond construction	dry season
2.	Labours	rainy season
3.	Seeds	rainy season
4.	Seedling	rainy season
5.	Aqautic animals (fishes and field crabs)	rainy season

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Cultivation	days	60.0	300.0	18000.0	100.0
设备	Hiring tractors for pond construction	ponds	3.0	16000.0	48000.0	70.0
植物材料	Seeds	Kilogram	300.0	10.0	3000.0
植物材料	Seedlings	Plants	100.0	50.0	5000.0	80.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Compost	Ton	1.0	2500.0	2500.0	50.0
施工材料	Roof tiles	each	240.0	60.0	14400.0
施工材料	Cement	bags	8.0	100.0	800.0
施工材料	Sand and rocks	ton	1.0	1650.0	1650.0
施工材料	Pillars	each	12.0	100.0	1200.0
其它	Fishes and crabs	each	2500.0	1.0	2500.0
技术建立所需总成本					97050.0
技术建立总成本，美元					2940.91

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Government agencies

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Labours	throughout the year
2.	Seeds	rainy season
3.	Seedlings	rainy season
4.	Aquatic animal	9 months

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Cultivation	days	260.0	300.0	78000.0	100.0
劳动力	Cultivation	days	260.0	300.0	78000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Compost	ton	1.0	2500.0	2500.0	50.0
其它	Fishes and crabs	each	5000.0	1.0	5000.0	30.0
其它	Feeding	month	9.0	5000.0	45000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					208500.0
技术维护总成本，美元					6318.18

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Government agencies support some inuts

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Water - if there is a lack of water during the dry season, some agricultural activities may not be practiced. This leads to a reduction of agricultural cost; however, this also leads to a reduction of a household income during that period.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

The soil in this area is sandy soil, classified into Coated, Isohyperthermic and Typic Quartzipsamments. The parent material is beach ridge or sand dune. The area condition is quite flat up to little undulating with the slope of 1.5%. The soil is very deep and well drained. Water permeability is fast but runoff on the soil surface occurs slowly. The soil reaction is very acidic to a little acidic (pH 5.0 - 6.5) throughout the soil profile. The soil fertility is low. Land use limitation is low fertility and a shortage of water.

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
季节性温度	夏季	增加	适度

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 11-50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

Members in the community (about 50-60 households in the community) and parts of the outside community nearby show interest in this technology because they see that it can increase household incomes and start to implement it in their own areas. However, allocation of the land differs according to the area conditions and the needs of the owners themselves.

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

The government provides some inputs for farmers who want to apply this technology to their farmland such as fish and rice seeds. Then, most farmers get some support before they start the activity on the farm.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 不断变化的市场

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

Since organic markets are increasing in the area, then some farmers produce without using agrichemical products. This allows farmers to improve the prices.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Water can be available even in the dry season since this technology includes the farm pond construction for rainwater storage.
Farmers should be able to grow enough rice for the whole year’s consumption.
Production planning can be done for the household consumption and supply to the market.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会

Allocation of the land into 4 parts according to the new theory of agriculture is considered an appropriate option for smallholder farmers who are having small farmland and water shortage. This is due to they can plan what crops, and when, to grow for each growing season based on climatic condition and market. Importantly, farmers learn how to plan the production that will be distributed to the market and for making a living.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
A lack of household labor results in some farmers adopted only part of technology where the efficiency of this technology may be lower than the adoption of full management.	Mose farmers hire labor or mechanical equipment to help them farming. although this increases the farming cost, it helps farmers to get their work done in time.
The cost of investment is rather high, especially for digging the pond.	Farmers ask the support from the government. While some farmers receive 80% help from the government, foundations, and the private sector for digging the ponds, others receive less support from the government.
Farmers have limited land for farming, to allocate the land to usual allocation as recommendation may not be suitable.	Farmers changed or improved the allocation ratio by themselves based on the land conditions, climatic condition, and the environment. For example, some farmers who have enough water sources in their areas, the size of the pond can be reduced to make room for other uses.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Due to the fact that managing the area with many activities may require more time to take action than monoculture farming, which cannot interest some farmers to practice. Furthermore, it may take time to make it worth the paid expenses due to complexity, little understanding, insufficient labor force, and more hiring may require.	The government needs to take action in the areas to provide more knowledge on this technology and find the solution to the problems.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

New Theory of Agriculture, 2011, Office of the Royal Development Projects Board.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://www.rdpb.go.th/UploadNew/Documents/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88.pdf

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Implementation manual for new theory of agriculture, 2015, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://www3.oae.go.th/rdpcc/images/filesdownload/SUFFICIENCY/9.9.pdf

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Sufficiency Economy & New Theory

URL:

http://www.chaipat.or.th/eng/concepts-theories/sufficiency-economy-new-theory.html

7.4 一般注释

The long-term impact on household income might change or improve if they practice this technology longer period than 8 years.