1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Book project: where people and their land are safer - A Compendium of Good Practices in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) (where people and their land are safer)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Book project: where the land is greener - Case Studies and Analysis of Soil and Water Conservation Initiatives Worldwide (where the land is greener)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Land Development Department LDD (Land Development Department LDD) - 泰国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

The technology is very well accepted by the land users.

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Planting a halophyte - Dixie grass (Sporobolus verginicus) - aims to increase the area of land usable by farmers and to prevent expansion of severely saline soils. Dixie grass can be utilised as cattle feed. The Land Development Department has been involved in developing and disseminating this technology.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The Land Development Department (LDD) transfered the technology of planting a halophyte (Sporobolus virginicus: "Dixie grass") for the rehabilitation of severely saline soil to Mr.Charong Munkarn’s land in Buayai district, Nakhonratchasima province. The area is on a 0-2% slope, demonstrates high soil electrical conductivity and is classified as a severely saline soil. The land is salt crusted and barren. The climate is semi -arid, and rainfall is between 750 and 1,000 millimeters per year. The exotic halophyte, namely Sporobolus virginicus, (Dixie grass) is adapted to survive in severely salt- affected soil. The mechanisms of its tolerance includes osmotic adjustment within the plant, salt exclusion, ion accumulation and sequestration, and excretion of salt via glands in the plant’s leafs and stem. The benefits of planting this halophyte on such a severely saline soil are soil moisture conservation, salt accumulation prevention on the surface, and utilization as feed for livestock. The objectives of the technology are to 1) prevent expansion of severely saline soil, 2) maximize use of land for farmers, 3) use halophyte grasses as cover crop for rehabilitation of the ecosystem of severely salt-affected soil. Halophyte plantation has been supported by Land Development Department under the project: Promotion of Integrated Saline Soil Management. The stakeholders are researchers of LDD who have worked together with community volunteers, community leaders and farmers on soil improvement. The Land Development Regional Office 3 (Nakhonratchasima) supported Dixie grass planting material production, together with provision of compost and chemical fertilizer. Dixie grass cuttings (stolons) were planted at spacing of 20 x 20 centimeters on abandoned areas and on ridges between rows of Acacia ampliceps. After 3 years of planting Dixie grass, it has been found that this barren land was covered by plants and much improved in biodiversity by the evidence of many varieties of wild grass, dragonflies, small mammels and birds. Farmers can grow rice and they use Dixie grass as feed for livestock. Moreover farmers are able to increased their incomes. Migration for jobs to big cities has been reduced. Interviews showed that farmers are satisfied with this technology. Besides being lower in salinity (observed, and measured by scientists), farmers get better rice yields, and an improved environment and livelihoods. Although the planting of halophytes is an improvement to severely saline soil with low costs, the recovery time of saline soil is not as fast as that of engineering measure with higher investment. Furthermore, neighboring farmers often burn their rice straw after harvesting, and that damages the Dixie grass.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2015

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Soil management on sub-watershed area, activity of rehabilitation severely salt-affected soil by planting salt tolerant trees and grass.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 保持/提高生物多样性

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农牧业（包括农牧结合）

注释:

Saline soil areas should be rehabilitated using low investment technology by planting highly adapted salt tolerant species such as Dixie grass.

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 是（请在技术实施前填写以下有关土地利用的问题）

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农牧业（包括农牧结合）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Grass planting area by farmers is outside the irrigated area.

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 畜牧业和牧场管理
• 改良的地面/植被覆盖
• 减少基于生态系统的灾害风险

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Dixie is planted to prevent the spread of salt in the area.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Baht

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

32.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Dixie grass nursery	May-July 2015
2.	Land preparation for planting	May-July 2015
3.	Fertilizer application	May-July 2015

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labor cost for planting Eucalyptus (labor wage per day = 300 baht, 1 rai required to labor cost = 1200 baht)	Rai	1.0	1200.0	1200.0
植物材料	Dixie seedling cost 1600 trees/rai, 1 baht for each seedling	seedling	1600.0	0.5	800.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Compost cost 3.5 baht/kg, 0.2 kg/pit	kg	320.0	3.5	1120.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Rice husk cost 4 baht/kg, 0.4 kg/pit	kg	640.0	4.0	2560.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Chemical fertilizer 15-15-15 cost 20 baht/kg, 6.25 kg/pit	kg	10.0	20.0	200.0
技术建立所需总成本					5880.0
技术建立总成本，美元					183.75

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Land Development Department

注释:

Labor cost for land preparation, planting and seedlings covered by LDD Chemical fertilizer 15-15-15; compost and rice husks are from farm by-products.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	No maintenance activities because Dixies grasses can glow well and be multiplied extensively by themselves

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	No labor cost for maintenance	0

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The government policy on minimum labor wage is an important factor affected cost of the project.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

The geography is that of the lower basin of Korat plateau in the Northeast Thailand

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Texture of top soil is fine loamy and more than 20 cm below the surface is sandy loam or sandy clay loam, pH = 7 and increasing with depth up to 8.5, salinity is moderately to highly soil affected identified by percentage of the salt crust on the surface, very low P and K.

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

是

具体说明:

Slightly saline

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Shallow saline groundwater exists because of low lying discharge area and salt source beneath under the ground.

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Before planting Dixie grass, species richness was low and the habitat was poor. After 3 years, field crabs, field rats, dragonflies, earthworms, weasels, snakes, local weeds and wildflowers which had disappeared are now found again.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Diligent farmers seeking more income burn firewood from Acacia tree, catch field rats and harvest bamboo shoots.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

• Rainfed

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	不好
森林火灾	适度
陆地火灾	适度

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
山洪暴发	适度

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
昆虫/蠕虫侵扰	适度

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
延长生长期	不好
缩短生长期	不好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

Farmers and land users acknowledge the benefits of the technology that decreases salinity: planting Dixie grass.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Dixie grass is very highly salt tolerant and after planting the salinity obviously decreased.
The better environment that encourages the return of other plant species.
Secondly instead of leaving the land barren the land user can sell the Dixie shoots for propagation to Land Development Department.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Only halophytes especially Dixie can grow well on severely salt affected land.
After planting Dixie for few years, the soils are less saline that induces biodiversity of both fauna and flora such as birds butterflies, rats, earthworms and native flowers.
The farmers can use their land more extensively rather than leave it barren.
Dixie grasses can be used as cattle feed that the land user can get higher incomes.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The land user lack of knowledge on halophytes and there is no other choice for better income than Dixie grass.	The SLM officers should visit them and provide better knowledge.
The neighboring farmers get used to the burning of rice straw after harvest causing death of Dixie grass nearby.	Public relation is needed to stop burning.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Not all the researchers and SLM workers understand the mechanism of halophyte and the importance of the Dixie grass to the project flow chart’s work plans.	They need to be well trained at various levels.
The farmers are not well approached and many of them know nothing about the project.	The officers should be trained and get better knowledge about the project.
The project follows up and evaluation is insufficient and ineffective.	The concerned project officers should pay more awareness on weakness and on obstacles of the success of the project.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Land Development Department

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://www.ldd.go.th/

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

where the land is greener - Case Studies and Analysis of Soil and Water Conservation Initiatives Worldwide

URL:

https://www.wocat.net/library/media/27/

标题/说明:

where people and their land are safer - A Compendium of Good Practices in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) (where people and their land are safer)

URL:

https://www.wocat.net/en/projects-and-countries/projects/drr