1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Decision Support for Mainstreaming and Scaling out Sustainable Land Management (GEF-FAO / DS-SLM)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

FAO Bangladesh (FAO Bangladesh) - 孟加拉国

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) - 孟加拉国

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Barind Multipurpose Development Authority (BMDA) - 孟加拉国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Alternative Drying and Wetting (AWD) is a practice in rice cultivation which decrease water use, while having no impact on rice yield. It also decreases the amount of methane into the atmosphere and fuel consumption of water pumps.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The Rajshahi, Chapai Nawabganj and Naogaon regions of Bangladesh geographically belong to High Barind Tract (HBT) of Bangladesh under Agro Ecological Zone (AEZ) 26. This region is the hottest region of the country where water scarcity is a common problem. The annual precipitation is 1410 mm and the farmer is habituated to use deep tubewell underground water for their crops operated by Barind Multipurpose Development Authority (BMDA). Rice is the common crop in this region and in Boro season (from November to March) rice consumed the lion share of underground water through flood irrigation. And this flood irrigation system is very traditional cultivation method resulting the underground water table is consistently going down for heavy extraction by shallow or deep tube-well.

It is not always necessary to keep standing water in rice fields for its maximum production like aquatic plant. To address these problems ‘Alternate Wetting and Drying’ is a good choice, because it is not necessary to keep the water standing throughout the whole growing season of Boro rice (wet rice). In this method 20-25% less water is consumed, which may save approximately USD 30 per hectare.

After 10-15 days of transplanting of rice seedling shallow standing water can be allowed and then the field can be drained and wetted alternately. To implement this method, first a perforated plastic pipe is installed to examine the water level and irrigate the rice field when necessary. The 25 cm long and 7-10 cm diameter perforated pipe is installed vertically. Only the lower 15 cm of the pipe should be perforated so that water can enter and exit, and then the pipe should be installed so that the non-perforated portion remains above the ground to protect it from debris.

In a leveled rice field of one hectare, seven to eight pipes are enough to monitor water depth. 10-15 days after seedling transplanting the AWD method can start. In each irrigation, the water level should reach 5-7 cm from the above the soil in wetting regime, and when the water level goes down to the soil level in drying regime, then the field can be irrigated again. This can continue until the panicle initiation stage. Then from panicle initiation to the milking stage, the field should be irrigated with 2-4 cm of water (also wetting regime). After the milking stage, the AWD can be continued until two weeks before harvesting from April to May (depending on rice variety).

Promotion of AWD in Bangladesh has been piloted and tested by different organisations like Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Barind Multipurpose Development Authority (BMDA) and Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) during 2008 to 2010. In HBT, the quantity of groundwater is continuously decreasing, so farmers applied AWD without installing the pipe. The farmers are experienced with this technology long-ago and know that the cracks appeared when the groundwater goes down to 18-20 cm below soil surface. When the farmers saw the "hair like crack" in their rice field, they irrigated. BMDA introduced the pre-paid card for irrigation, so the farmer irrigated his rice field several times when he saw the field cracks. The aim is to save money as well as to save groundwater.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新
• 在实验/研究期间
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

- From long ago, farmer observed "hair like crack" in rice field that indicate water goes down in 18-20 com
- Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) has set up a lot of research plot on AWD use
- Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) and Barind Multipurpose Development Authority (BMDA) also has projects to install AWD in farmers field through demonstration

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 减缓气候变化及其影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）
• 地下水管理
• 节能技术

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Because the cultivation technology in rice cultivation remains the same as before, except of the new irrigation regime, only S7, M2 and M4 are actually part of the measures associated with the new technology.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Plastic tube installation	March - April

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour for plastic tube installation	Person-day	1.0	5.0	5.0	100.0
设备	Plastic tube	Number	20.0	0.64	12.8	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					17.8
技术建立总成本，美元					17.8

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Land preparation (cleaning land, repairing border, repairing canal etc. manual work)	January - February
2.	Plowing	January - February
3.	Seedling transplanting	January - February
4.	Irrigation in different vegetative and reproductive stages	January - May
5.	Fertilization	January - April
6.	Herbicide and pesticide application	January - March
7.	Harvesting	May - June
8.	Threshing	May - June

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Land preparation	Person-day	6.0	5.0	30.0	100.0
劳动力	Seedling transplanting	Person-day	37.0	5.0	185.0	100.0
劳动力	Herbicide and pesticide application	Person-day	8.0	5.0	40.0	100.0
劳动力	Irrigation	Person-day	18.0	5.0	90.0	100.0
设备	Power tiller rent for plowing	Machine-hour	16.0	2.0	32.0	100.0
设备	Sprayer	Machine-hour	24.0	1.0	24.0	100.0
设备	Cost for irrigation	Machine-hour	22.0	2.5	55.0	100.0
植物材料	Seed	kg	15.0	1.3	19.5	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Chemical fertilizer	Kg	70.0	0.35	24.5	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Manure	Kg	1500.0	0.05	75.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Herbicide and pesticide	Kg	18.0	2.4	43.2	100.0
其它	Labour for harvesting	Person-day	24.0	5.0	120.0	100.0
其它	Labour for threshing	Person-day	10.0	5.0	50.0	100.0
其它	Labour for drying	Person-day	4.0	5.0	20.0	100.0
其它	Labour for repairing spray machine	Person-day	2.0	5.0	10.0	100.0
其它	Labour for cleaning plastic tube	Person-day	1.0	5.0	5.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					823.2
技术维护总成本，美元					823.2

注释:

For the sake of completeness, all recurring costs relating to rice growing have been listed here. However, the recurring costs for AWD technology are actually only those related to irrigation (work for irrigation, patching and cleaning). Irrigation pump installation and maintenance cost belongs to BMDA, the farmer have no responsibility on irrigation pump. They just purchase irrigation water through pre-paid card.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

- Irrigation according to wetting and drying regimes

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凸形情况

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 租赁
• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

具体说明:

In Chapai Nawabganj, there are two types of land viz. Government owned and (popularly known as Khas land) and public owned land. The public owned land has registered to a person and that person paid tax to Government in yearly basis, this is the way of traditional legal system.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好
季节性温度	旱季	增加	好
年降雨量		减少	好
季雨量	夏季	减少	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
龙卷风	适度

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	非常好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 11-50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 91-100%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Easy to monitor irrigation schedule in AWD method. Farmer able to understand about dry and wet regime of rice cultivation that reduce the irrigation cost.
This Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) system enhance the tillering of rice resulting yield would be higher than traditional continuous flooding cultivation system

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
AWD facilitate drying rice field for certain period. This practice inhibit the chemical reaction of nitrogen fertilizer that emit low greenhouse gas
Water is the most demandable input and in AWD system the requirement of irrigation water become low that reduces input cost
Potentials for scale-up of this AWD method, because the groundwater scarcity became increase that would be popular to all farmer

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Magic pipe is not available everywhere	Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) support them to use AWD
Technical knowledge	Sub-Assistant Agriculture Officer (SAAO) and resource farmer provide technical support

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Technical knowledge of land user	Consultation with SAAO and resource farmer
Misunderstanding on yield to use AWD; Land user think yield is lower when using Alternative Wetting and Drying method	Show results by taking farmers to visit demonstration plots, field day, cross visit etc.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Bangladesh Rice Research institute (BRRI), Gazipur

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Internet, free

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Use of irrigation water saving technology (AWD) in rice field

URL:

http://www.knowledgebank-brri.org/Rice_Production_Training_Manual/Day_2/Module_7/Factsheet%204%20-%20water%20saving%20technology%20(AWD).pdf

7.4 一般注释

In the case of annual crop cultivation, the questionnaire should be revised.