1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

OPtimal strategies to retAIN and re-use water and nutrients in small agricultural catchments across different soil-climatic regions in Europe (OPTAIN)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Constructed wetlands on agricultural drainage systems for enhancement of landscape´s water residence time and improvement of water quality (TH02030376)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation (VUMOP) - 捷克共和国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

The described constructed wetland is a sustainable land management technology.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

A constructed wetland connected to tile drains that slows drainage flow, removes nitrogen and pesticides from drainage waters, and improves biodiversity. Formed from a substrate of matured birch chips and gravel, and is planted with reeds (Phalaris arundinacea) and reed manna grass (Glyceria maxima).

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

This type of constructed retention wetland is designed to act in a natural way. The objective is to improve water quality, slow down runoff – and support biodiversity. It combines the functions of retaining, and gradually releasing, water while remediating (i.e. cleaning) drainage waters with a focus on pollutant of nitrates and pesticides. The wetland is established in connection with or directly on tile drains and is designed to have both subsurface and surface flow. The substrate used in construction is a mixture of 6-month matured birch chips (4-30 mm length) and gravel (4–8 mm diameter) at a ratio of 1:10. The wetland is planted with reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) and reed manna grass (Glyceria maxima). The wetland to catchment ratio (WCR) is between 2:1000 and 3:1000: thus, for example, a constructed wetland of 200m2 or 300m2 would be required to serve an area of 10 hectares.
The process of establishing such a wetland begins with identifying where this measure is required. The drainage system must be thoroughly located and then the correct site for the wetland identified. The wetland is then designed and planned – including costs and labour requirements and the amount of land taken out of production. Administration includes processing statements and permission from state offices and landowners.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2018

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 保护生态系统
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 降低灾害风险
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

注释:

The current land use might change; e.g. if there was a meadow / cropland before and after implementation there is a wetland (i.e. water body or other surface)

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Drainage fed wetland

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 引水和排水
• 地表水管理（泉、河、湖、海）
• 湿地保护/管理

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Worsened drainage water quality (polluted by nitrates and pesticides). Accelerated (undue) subsurface runoff from farmland due to free-drainage.

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

22.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Identification of tile drainage (tiles, outlets).	anytime; project documentation, aerial images, field survey
2.	Water sampling (discharge + water quality) + Curve Number method application.	3-5x in several months. To get an overview of hydrochemical characteristics of the drainage and the volume of quick runoff
3.	Identification of a proper location for a constructed wetland (CW)	anytime; based on soils, land use, old maps, land owner/user situation, morphology, etc
4.	Assessment of CW hydraulic retention time (HRT) needed.	HRT is computed to enable removal of 50% of pollution load (e.g. NO3); based on average flow (m3/h), designed wetlad volume (m3) and substrate porosity (%)
5.	Design the CW	preparation of the whole documentation
6.	Administration and engineering of the CW	land owner issues, permissions, etc
7.	Construction of the CW	best in drier conditions
8.	Setting the plants	In central Europe - from April to September; at 0,5 - 1 m distance
9.	Finalization of the CW	grassing the banks, ground works, etc

注释:

When designing the measures on land drainage at larger areas, there is a paper by Zajíček et al. (2022). How to Select a Location and a Design of Measures on Land Drainage – A Case Study from the Czech Republic. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/146270

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

如果您无法分解上表中的成本，请估算建立该技术所需要的总成本。:

48000.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Municipality

注释:

The cost for implementation of a CW is between 18 000 - 85 000 USD (48 000 on average), depending on the size, construction, equipment, etc.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	General Inspection	4-6 times per year (every two or three months)
2.	Removal / cleaning of sediment / cloggings	1-2 times per year (every six or twelve months)
3.	Removal of grass / biomass (if necessary)	2-6 times per year (every twelve or three months)

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

如果您无法分解上表中的成本，请估算维护该技术所需要的总成本。:

500.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

In our case research support; in practice could be Munucipality, Regional government, River Basin Management Authority

注释:

The cost for maintenance/ recurrent activities of a CW is between 300 - 700 EUR per year (500 on average), depending on the size, construction, equipment, etc.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

CW size, construction, equipment. Design of the whole CW - if designed as a more natural or rather a technical unit.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凹陷情况

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil characteristics are not relevant, with an exception of the retention pond bottom and dam (best clay or low permeable soils).

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

规律性:

偶然

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

The more often torrential rains are anticipated, the more attention is needed to pay to the design of the retention pond located prior the CW.

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄
• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 租赁

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 社区（有组织）

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

具体说明:

land use / land owner might be different and must be taken into account (administrate)

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

生态影响

水循环/径流

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
山洪暴发	好

注释:

The design of a CW should consider to some extent also these risks - local rainstorms, soil erosion, etc. I.E. the technology must be designed and implemented with a regard to these phenomena; i.e. without loosing its effectiveness in such situations.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

This particular technology was applied only at several sites. However, there are dozens of intensive constructed wetlands on land drainage around the world (USA, New Zealand, Denmark, etc)

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Drainage water retention. Slowing down the loss of water from landscape.
Improvement water quality. Removal of reactive nitrogen and pesticides from drainage and related surface waters.
Enhancement of biodiversity. Promoting suitable sites for wetland flora and fauna.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Higher implementation costs.	Use as much local sources as possible. Work with the landscape, use old landsape patterns and experiences.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

FUČÍK, P., VYMAZAL, J., HNÁTKOVÁ, T., ŠEREŠ, M. (2018): A trial constructed wetland on agricultural drainage systems for enhancement of landscape´s water residence time and improvement of water quality. In konference 16th IWA International Conference Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control (http://icws2018.webs.upv.es/conference/about-conference/ ), 29.9. - 4.10.2018, Valencie, Spain.

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

VYMAZAL, J., SOCHACKI, A., FUČÍK, P., ŠEREŠ, M., KAPLICKÁ, M., HNÁTKOVÁ, T., CHEN, Z. (2020): Constructed wetlands with subsurface flow for nitrogen removal from tile drainage. Ecological Engineering 155 (2020) Article number 105943: 1-10. ISSN 0925-8574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105943

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Fučík P., Vymazal, J., Šereš, M., Hejduk, T., Hnátková, T., Sochacki, A., Kulhavý, Z., Zajíček, A., Zhen, Z., Duffková, R., Kaplická, M., Sítková, V., Poláková, V., Kukačka, J. 2021. Constructed wetlands on land drainage – principles for design, placement and operation for enhancement of water residence time and improvement of water quality – A certified methodology. Prague. ISBN 978-80-88323-50-1 (print version), ISBN 978-80-88323-51-8 (online pdf). In Czech.

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Constructed wetlands on agricultural drainage systems for enhancement of landscape´s water residence time and improvement of water quality

URL:

https://starfos.tacr.cz/en/project/TH02030376

7.4 一般注释

This is the end.