1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CARITAS (Switzerland) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

This energy-efficient stove was developed in close cooperation with the local blacksmith and pilot households. Its major features are a shorter burning chamber, lower height, air draft controller, enlarged burners and double circled pipes for heating water. The modified stove consumes much less firewood. It is possible to add heat exchangers and water boiling tank/water radiators which will further increase efficiency.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

In Tajikistan, forest cover has been reduced to 3% of the land area: it must not be allowed to decrease further. Forest destruction contributes to natural disasters that affect the environment and agricultural land, as well as damage houses and endanger lives. Examples are:

- floods: such as in 2012 that caused huge losses for rural households and infrastructure;
- landslides caused by soil erosion;
- fertile soil washed away, and water infiltration and holding capacity of the soil reduced;
- fewer reliable water sources and reduced flows with poorer quality;
- microclimatic changes and reduced rainfall becomes less.

To reduce pressure on the existing forest area of the Muminobod district and also to decrease the use of dried cow dung cakes for fuel that are better used as fertilizer, in the framework of the energy efficiency project of Caritas Switzerland a modified metallic stove has been developed that uses much less firewood than the stoves currently in use. This energy-efficient stove was developed in close cooperation with local blacksmiths and active women field promoters in pilot houses. There are multiple advantages including a 30% saving of energy for cooking, simultaneous heating of water and warming the living space. Furthermore, the stoves are cheaper, the work of women is reduced and there is no smoke inside the room. Further advantages can be obtained by using accessories such as a heat exchanger, and a water boiler/water radiator to make the stove multi-functional.
The stoves are 70 cm in length, 32 cm wide, and 20 cm in height with 2 burners of different diameters.
Advice on installation and best use of stoves and accessories include removing ash before lighting; cleaning the chimney; regulating the flame by use of the inlet draft controller; ensuring regular air exchange in the room; installing the heat exchanger at a minimum 40 cm height from the stove and cleaning regularly. To ensure proper circulation of the water in the system water tank should be lifted 15—20 cm from the ground level.

Moreover, other international organisations have provided technical and financial support to farmers to establish agroforestry plots and orchards, to rehabilitate degraded forest areas, and to set up nurseries to produce planting materials to sustain the afforestation process. The fruit orchards have multiple benefits: they yield fruits, produce firewood, anchor topsoils, prevent soil erosion, maintain water balance, protect the environment and absorb greenhouse gasses.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新
• 在实验/研究期间
• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 降低灾害风险
• 减缓气候变化及其影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农牧业（包括农牧结合）

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 天然和半天然森林管理
• 森林种植管理
• 减少基于生态系统的灾害风险

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

5.62

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Producing of a sets of modified stove, heat-exchange and water tank	per 1/5 working day

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Production cost of modified stove	set	1.0	18.2	18.2	100.0
劳动力	Production cost of heat exchanger	set	1.0	9.1	9.1	100.0
劳动力	Production cost of water tank	set	1.0	9.1	9.1	100.0
施工材料	Construction materials for production of stove	set	1.0	221.16	221.16	100.0
施工材料	Construction materials for production of heat-exchanger	set		85.23		100.0
施工材料	Construction materials for production of water tank	set	1.0	40.24	40.24	100.0
其它	Social tax	lumpsum	0.2	3.2	0.64	100.0
其它	Income simplified tax 6%	lumpsum	0.2	112.41	22.48	100.0
其它	Operation and maintenance	lumpsum	0.5	14.0	7.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					327.92
技术建立总成本，美元					58.35

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

all cost bared by user

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Cleaning of the chimney	once per 2 months

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Cleaning of the chimney	times	4.0	1.0	4.0	100.0
施工材料	Procurement of pipes	pcs	2.0	3.0	6.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					10.0
技术维护总成本，美元					1.78

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

High inflation rate constantly increasing price for row materials.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州
• 社区/村庄

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 租赁

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 社区（有组织）

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

收入和成本

生态影响

土壤

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

more than 2,000

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 51-90%

注释:

After the promotion of modified stoves by the project, the workshops and trained blacksmith continued production and dissemination of modified stoves.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Cooking, boiling water and room heating can be done simultaneously
The modified stove is cheaper than the traditional stove
The saving of firewood in only 1 winter is enough to buy a modified stove. Stoves can be purchased in different qualities, for example with thicker iron for use of coal
Stove rings allow adjusting burner’s size to different pot sizes
No smoke inside of the room
Has operational stove tools like hook, trowel and hoe
The stove becomes more multi-functional. The heat exchanger allows baking, integrated water boiler provides hot water (approximately 35 L), and the possibility to install water radiators in several rooms for heating.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Saving 30% of energy for cooking only
The duration of cooking decreases by up to 15%
Reduces work of women
Reduces carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere
Draft control of inlet gives opportunity to regulate the flame, save fire material and the oven keeps more heat inside
Through the use of a heat exchanger an additional room can be heated to a comfortable temperature;
Possibility to install water radiators in several rooms

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
A shorter fire chamber increases the workload for cutting firewood to size	To automate the process of preparing firewood

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Behaviour change takes time.	More awareness-raising campaigns need to be arranged.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

The manual on modified stove production for blacksmith, Daler Domullodzhanov, 2016, ISBN: 987-99975-895-0-7

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Energy efficiency measures to increase the application of organic fertilizers

URL:

http://cdewocat.unibe.ch/wocatQT/qt_summary.php?lang=English&qt_id=354 http://cdewocat.unibe.ch/wocatQT/qt_summary.php?lang=Russian&qt_id=577