1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Strengthening national-level institutional and professional capacities of country Parties towards enhanced UNCCD monitoring and reporting – GEF 7 EA Umbrella II (GEF 7 UNCCD Enabling Activities_Umbrella II)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

National Soil Services Centre, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture & Livestock (NSSC) - 不丹

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

The technology described is not problematic with regard to land degradation.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Contour hedgerows are a soil and water conservation technology that involve planting of Napier grass cuttings along contour lines on the slope at a horizontal distance of 6 m. The area between the contour hedgerows is used for crop cultivation.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Contour hedgerows are a soil and water conservation technology that involves planting Napier stem cuttings along contour lines on slopes. They are planted at a horizontal distance of 6 meters between rows and 15-20 centimeters between cuttings within lines. On average it requires 3500-4000 Napier slips to cover one acre (0.4 ha). Hedgerows form living barriers that trap sediment and reduce surface runoff. With time, as the sediment builds up behind the hedges, the area between the hedgerows develops into flat alleys or “terrace beds”. This technology is effective in reducing soil erosion and conserving water. The hedgerows also boost crop productivity. The contour hedgerow system is widely used in hilly terrain in Bhutan and elsewhere.
The main purposes of the technology are to 1) serve as a barrier to check the movement of soil and water down the slope, 2) effectively utilize sloping areas for agricultural purposes, and 3) increase crop and fodder production.
The major activities/ inputs needed to establish/ maintain contour hedgerows are: 1) surveying of the area by an SLM specialist (planning and site assessment), 2) selecting suitable hedgerow planting materials, 3) registration of interested farmers, 4) training of farmers, 5) layout of contour lines using A-frames, 6) distribution of planting materials and establishment of hedgerows in farmland, 7) monitoring and evaluation of hedgerows, and 8) maintenance of hedgerows. Maintenance includes replacement of cuttings in gaps - either damaged by cattle or natural mortality and trimming of grass back to 15 centimeters after reaching 1 meter. Inputs required include: 1) planting materials (Napier grass), 2) A-Frame for contour lines, 3) spades, pickaxes, shovels, crowbars, etc., and 4) human resource input by SLM specialists.
Contour hedgerows have many benefits/ impacts on the livelihood of the land users including 1) soil and water conservation, 2) use of the sloping areas for crop or fodder production, 3) effective conservation through using local materials with a 90% survival rate, 4) habitat for natural predators, pollinators, insect-eating birds, and rodent predators, 5) groundwater recharge, and 6) they beautify the overall agricultural landscape. Another important benefit of the hedgerows is the availability of fodder grass for livestock, which otherwise would have to be collected from the forest. The disadvantages include the need for regular maintenance and gapping up. At times, conflicts arise within the community due to grazing of hedges by neighbors’ cattle.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2014

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

The project was funded by UNDP and technical support was provided by the SLM Specialists from the National Soil Service Center and the agriculture extension agent of Thangrong gewog.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 降低灾害风险
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Water is a major constraint and land users mostly depend on rain for irrigation.

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Napier grass were planted on the bunds if the already constructed terrace.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

The technology addresses the issue of soil erosion through rain and prevented the degradation the top soil.

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

The main goal of the technology is to combat farm land degradation and prevent soil erosion.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Ngultrum

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

82.08

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Planning	done between the stakeholders several times
2.	Community meeting and member agreement	twice
3.	Training and workshop	for almost a week
4.	Demonstration	once
5.	Implementation (Planting of napier in the field in groups)	based on the land users convenience and season of plantation

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labours	person-days	4.0	250.0	1000.0	100.0
植物材料	Napier	bundle	35.0	200.0	7000.0
其它	Payment for resource persons	No of days	5.0	1500.0	7500.0
技术建立所需总成本					15500.0
技术建立总成本，美元					188.84

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

The funding was provided by UNDP, with technical support from the National Soil Services Center and the Dzongkhag.

注释:

The cost breakdown of the technology establishment was for one acre of land.
The total grant amount was Nu. 2,834,416, however, the total budget for Boucholing specifically was not available.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Harvesting, cutting of napier and maintaining the height of the plant	when the napier reaches a height of one meter
2.	Replacing of missing and damaged hills	whenever possible

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	labour	person-days	2.0	250.0	500.0	100.0
植物材料	Napier slips	Bundle	10.0	200.0	2000.0
技术维护所需总成本					2500.0
技术维护总成本，美元					30.46

注释:

Minimal cost go into the maintenance of the hedgerows.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour cost and cost of the planting materials.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Contour hedgerows can be applied in both concave and convex situations, so not relevant

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

规律性:

偶然

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

The flooding of the area occurs mostly due to heavy rainfall and some surface water.

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Higher diversity because Napier grass adds to diversity to already existing crops.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

具体说明:

The traditional legal system in our country is as per the land act and rules and regulations which dictate the land use in the country.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

生态影响

水循环/径流

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好
年降雨量		减少	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好
局地雷暴	非常好
局地雹灾	好
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
滑坡	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

Since the project was fully funded and minimal cost went into its establishment by the land users, the benefits are higher.

6.5 技术采用

• > 50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

40 households

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

Since the program was supported by project, the labor were contributed by the land user while the inputs in all sites were provided by the project at every household level.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Hedgerow requires less management
Napier are also used as fodder for livestock
Prevents the land from erosion due to heavy rain
Helps in build up of terraces and facilitates in mechanization of farm

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Additional income opportunities through the production of marketable products from hedgerow vegetation.
Improved livelihoods for communities through long-term agricultural productivity.
Support for sustainable agricultural practices and resilient farming systems.
Preservation of fertile land and protection of agricultural resources.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Grazing of hedges by free cattle in absence of fences in farm land	Establish community byelaws not to let their cattle free in the fields or install fencing aroung the field.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Shading and potential competition with crops for soil nutrients by hedges	Maintaining height and width of hedges
The establishment and maintenance of contour hedgerows require time, effort, and financial resources	The funding for the establishment of technology has already been provided and for maintenance, the expenditure is minimal.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

ICIMOD. (1999). Manual on Contour Hedgerow Inter-cropping Technology. ICIMOD.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://lib.icimod.org/record/31840/files/manual_on_contour_hedgerow_inter-cropping_technology.pdf

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Pellek, R. (1992). Contour hedgerows and other soil conservation interventions for hilly terrain. Agroforestry Systems, 17, 135-152.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00053118

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Kaushal, R., Mandal, D., Panwar, P., Rajkumar, Kumar, P., Tomar, J. M. S. & Mehta, H. (2021). Chapter 20 - Soil and water conservation benefits of agroforestry.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128229316000204

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Sustainable Land Management for improved land productivity and community livelihood in Thangrong, Mongar

URL:

https://sgp.undp.org/spacial-itemid-projects-landing-page/spacial-itemid-project-search-results/spacial-itemid-project-detailpage.html?view=projectdetail&id=27647

标题/说明:

Soil erosion control with contour planting

URL:

https://apps.worldagroforestry.org/Units/Library/Books/Book%2082/imperata%20grassland/html/4.1_soil.htm?n=20

标题/说明:

Sustainable Land Management: Guidelines and Best Practices 2021

URL:

https://www.nssc.gov.bt