แแถแแขแแปแแแแแแแแถแแแทแแแปแแแพแแแแธแแพแแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแแแแทแแถแ [Cambodia]
- Creation:
- Update:
- Compiler: Be Gechkim
- Editors: Navin Chea, Sophea Tim
- Reviewers: Nicole Harari, SO Than, Alexandra Gavilano
แแแแแแแปแแแแแทแแถแ
technologies_3165 - Cambodia
- Full summary as PDF
- Full summary as PDF for print
- Full summary in the browser
- Full summary (unformatted)
- แแถแแขแแปแแแแแแแแถแแแทแแแปแแแพแแแแธแแพแแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแแแแทแแถแ: Sept. 11, 2018 (inactive)
- แแถแแขแแปแแแแแแแแถแแแทแแแปแแแพแแแแธแแพแแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแแแแทแแถแ: Sept. 2, 2019 (public)
View sections
Expand all Collapse all1. General information
1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology
Key resource person(s)
land user:
แ แแแแผ แฏแ
แแแทแแ
Cambodia
แขแแปแแแแแถแแแถแแทแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแทแแแแแแ แแแแแธแแแแทแแแแ แแปแแแแถแแแแแถแแ แแทแแแแแถแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแ:
แแแแแถแแแถแแทแแถแแแแแแทแแแแแแแแปแแแนแแแปแ:
แขแแปแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแ แแถแแทแแถแแแแแแทแแแแแแแแปแแแแแแแขแแ:
แแแปแแแแ แแนแ
แแถแแทแแถแแแแแแทแแแแแแแแปแแแแแแแขแแ
Cambodia
Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)
Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)
Royal University of Agriculture (RUA) - Cambodia1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT
The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:
Ja
1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology
Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?
Nee
Comments:
แแแทแแแแแถแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแผแแแแแแแ แแทแแแแแผแแแทแแแ แแแแแแถแแแแแแแ
1.5 Reference to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Approaches (documented using WOCAT)

แแแแปแแแแทแแแแแทแแแแแแแแปแแแแแทแแถแแแ แแแแปแแแ แแแแแแแทแแแแ แแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแแธแแถแแแแแธ [Cambodia]
แแถแแ แแแแแแแแแปแแแแทแแแแถแแแแแแแแปแแแแแทแแถแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแแพแแกแพแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแ แทแแแ แแทแ แแถแแถแแแแแแแฝแแแแแ แแแแแแแทแแแแ (AC)แ แแแแปแแแแ แแบแแถแแแแแแ แแแแแถแแแแแแแทแแแ แแถแแแแแแถแแแแแแผแแแแแปแแแแแแพแแแถแแแแปแแกแพแแแแแแถแแแขแแแแแทแแ แขแแแแแแทแ แแทแแขแแแแแทแแแถแ แ แปแแแทแ แแ แแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแถแ แแแแ แแทแแแทแ แแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแ แแแแแแแแแแถแ แแแแ แแบแแแแผแแแถแแแปแแแแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแธแแธ แแทแแแแแถแแแปแแแแทแแแแแแถแแแแแแทแแแแแแแแถแ แแพแแแแธแแถแแถแแปแแแแแทแแถแแแแแขแแแแแแทแ แแทแแขแแแแแแแพแแแแถแแแ
- Compiler: Navin Chea
2. Description of the SLM Technology
2.1 Short description of the Technology
Definition of the Technology:
แแแแถแแแทแแแปแ แแบแแถแแ แแ แแแแแแแฝแแแ แแแแปแแแทแแถแแแถแแ แแแแปแแแถแแแถแแแแแถแ (IPM) แแพแแแแธแแฝแแ แแแแแแแแแพแแแแทแแแ แแแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแแแปแแแแแแทแแแแแแแแถแแแฝแ แแทแแแถแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแธแแธ แแทแแแแแถแแแปแแแแทแแแแแ
2.2 Detailed description of the Technology
Description:
แแแแถแแแทแแแปแ แแบแแถแแแแแขแแปแแแแแแถแแแถแแแถแแแปแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแปแแแแแถแแแปแแแแแแถแแพแแแแแแธแแแแแแแแฝแ แแถแแแแผแแแถแแแปแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแถแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแถแแแธแแถแแขแแปแแแแแแแ แแบแแถแแแถแแปแ
แทแแแ
แนแ แแทแแขแถแแผแแแนแแแแแแแแแแแธแแถแแแปแ แแถแแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแแแแ แแแแแแแพแแแแแแ แแบแแผแ
แแ
แแนแแแแแแแแธแแแแแแแถแแแแถแ แแแแปแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแถแแฝแแแนแแแแแแแถแแทแ แแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแทแแแปแแขแถแ
แแถแแแแแแแแแถแแแแพแแแแแบ แแทแแแแแแแแขแทแแแแแแแแแแแพแแแถแแกแพแแแ
แแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแปแแแแแแแแแผแ แ แพแแแแแถแแแทแแแปแแแแขแถแ
แแแแพแฑแแแแถแแแแแแแแแพแแแผแแแ
แแถแแแแแแแแ แแทแแแธแแถแแทแแธแแแแแถแแแแแผแแแแแธแแถแแทแแธแแปแแแแแแถ แแทแแแแแแแแแแซแแแแแขแถแ
แ
แถแแแ
แผแแแ
แแแแปแแแแแแ
แแธแแปแแแแแแถแแแแแ (Cotheren J., 2014)แ แแแแธแแแแทแแแแแ
แแแแแแแแแแแปแแถแแถแแ
แแแถแแแแแแธแแธแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแทแแแแ แแทแแแธแแแทแแแแแแแแทแแแแ แแแแแทแแแแฝแแ
แแแฝแแแ
แแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแแแถแ แแทแแแธแแแทแแแแแแทแแแถแแแแแแแแแแ
แกแพแ แแผแ
แแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแทแ แแบแแถแแ
แแ
แแแแแแแฝแแแแแแฝแแแแทแแแแแแปแแแถแแแแแแพแแแทแแแแแ แแทแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแขแทแแแแแแแถแแแแแถแ แแแแแถ แแทแแแแแแพแแแธแแถแแทแแธแแถแแแทแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแ แแทแแแธแแแถแแแแแแ
แแแแแแแธ แฏแ แ
แแแแผแแแถแแแแแพแแแพแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแทแแแปแแแแแแฝแแแแแถแ แแฝแแแแแแแถแแฝแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแ แแธแแธแแธ แแทแแแแแถแแแปแแแแทแแแแแแแแแแแถแขแถแ
แแฝแแแถแแแแแแแแ
แแแถแแ แแปแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแฝแแแแแแบแแถแแแแถแ แ
แปแแแทแ
แแ
แแแแแถแแแแแแแแแฑแแแแแแปแแ แแปแแแแธแแทแ
(REMIC แแถแแแถแแ แแแแทแ แแทแแแถแแแถแแแแแแ
แผแแแธแแแแถแ แแแแแแ
แแแแแปแแถ) แแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแถแแแถแแทแแแแแปแแแแแปแแแแทแแแแแแแแปแแแแแทแแถแแ แแแแแแแแพแแแแแ
แแแแแถแแแขแถแ
แแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแ
แฑแแแแแแฝแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแธแแแแแแแทแ
แแ
แแแแแถแแแแฑแแ แแแแปแแ แแปแแแแธแแทแ
แแแแแแ
แแแฝแแ แแถแแแแแพแแแพแแแถแแแถแแแปแแแแแแแแทแแแปแแแแแขแถแ
แแแแแถ แแทแแแแแแพแแแธแแถแแทแแธแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแธแแแธแแถแแแ แแทแแแธแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแธแแถแแแแแแแฝแแฑแแแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแธแแธแ แแแแกแแแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแปแแแแทแแแแแแแแแแผแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแปแแแแแถแแแถแแแแ
แถแแแแแแแ
แแแแปแแแแแธแแทแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแทแแแปแแแฝแแแถแแแแแแแแแฝแ แแแแ แแแแกแถแ
แแแแ
แแทแแแแแแแแแถแแพแแ แแถแแขแแปแแแแแแแแแแ แแบแแพแแแแธแแแแแถแแถแแแปแแแแแถแแแธแแถแแทแแธ แแแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแนแแแแแผแแแแแธแแถแแทแแแแแแแถแ แแแปแแถแแฑแแแแธแแแ
แแนแ แแธแแถแแทแ แแแแแถแแแทแแแแแแถแแแถแแแปแแแแแถแแแทแแแปแแแแแฝแแ
แแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแถแแแพแแกแพแแแผแแแแแบ แแทแแแถแแแพแแกแพแแแแแแแแแแขแทแ แ
แแแแ แแแแแปแแแแแถแแแแแแแแนแแแถแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแถแแ
แแแแแแแแบแแแแแแแแ
แแแแปแแแธแ แแแแปแแแถแแแถแแแปแแแถแแแแแแแ แแแทแแแแแแถแแแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแถแแ
แแแฝแ แข แฌ แฃ แแแแแแ แแ
แแแแปแแแแแแแแฝแ แ แพแแแแแผแแแแแแทแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแทแแแแแปแแแแผแแแถแแแแแแถแแแ แแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแธ แแแแ
แแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแธ แแแแปแแ แแปแแแแธแแทแ
แแพแแถแแแแแพแแแพแแแปแแแแแถแ แแพแแแแธแฑแแแแแทแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแถแแ
แแแแปแแแแแถแแแแแแถแแถแแแแ แแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแผแแแถแแแธแแแแถแแ
แแแทแแแแผแแแแแแถแแฑแแแแนแแแถ แแปแแแแแขแแปแแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแทแแแปแ แแถแแแแทแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแฝแแแปแ แฌแแธแแแปแแแแแแแแถแแแแแผแแแถแ แแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแธแแแแถแแ แพแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแแพแแแแธแแแแแถแแถแแแทแแแแแ แแทแแแถแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแธแแแแแแแขแทแ แแถแแแ
แถแแแถแ
แแแแแผแแแแแพแแธแแธแแธ แแทแแแแแถแแแแทแแแแแแแแปแแแแทแแถแแ
แแแพแ แแแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแธแแแแแทแแแแแถแแแแแธ แแทแแแแแถแแแบแแถแแแแแแทแแแแแถแแแแแแแปแแแฝแแแแแแแแแแแธแแแแแปแแแแแ แแถแ แแแปแแแแพแฑแแแแถแแแถแแ
แแแถแแแถแแแแแ
แแแพแแกแพแแแ แแแแแแแธแแแฝแแแถแแแถแแแแแแปแแแแแแถแแแธแขแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแบ แขแแแแแถแแขแแแผ (ECHO แขแแแแแถแแ แแแธแแถแแแแแแนแแแทแแแแขแแแแ) แแแแปแแ แแปแแแถแแแแธแแทแ
แแทแแแแแแธแแแแทแแแแแแแแแ แแถแแแแแพแฑแแแแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแผแแแธแแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแฝแแแปแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแทแแแปแ แแทแแแแแถแแแแแแผแแแธแแธแแธแแธแแแแถแแธแแแธแแถแแแ แแทแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแธแแถแแแ แ แพแแแถแแทแแแแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแทแแแแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแทแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแถแแขแแปแแแแแแแแแแแแแแพแฑแแแแปแแแถแแแธแแพแแกแพแแแถแแแแถแแ แแแแบ แแทแแแแแแแแขแทแแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแ
แปแ แแถแแแแแแแแ
แแแถแ แแแแแพแแ
แแแผแ แ แพแแแถแแแถแแแปแแแถแแขแแแแแแทแ แแทแแขแแแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแถแแแแแแแ
แแแแแแทแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแถแ แ แพแแแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแทแแแปแแแแแถแแแทแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแ แแแแพแฑแแแแฝแแแถแแแขแถแ
แแถแ แแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแขแแแแแพแแแแแปแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแธแแแแถแแ แแถแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแถแแขแแปแแแแแแแแปแแแแแแแแแ แแบแแแแแถแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแธแแแแปแแ แแปแแแแธแแทแ
แแแแปแแแถแแแแแพแแแแแถแแแแทแแแแแ แแทแแ
แปแแแทแ
แแ
แแแแแถ แแพแแแแธแแถแแถแฑแแแแถแแแแทแแแแแแแแแ
แแแแปแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแธแแแแถแแ แแพแแแธแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแถแแ
แผแแแฝแแแ แแถแแแแแฝแแแทแแทแแแแแพแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแธแแธ แแทแแแแแถแแแปแแแแทแแแแ แแธแขแแแแแถแแขแแแผ แแแแพแฑแแแขแแทแแทแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแปแแ
แทแแแแแแแแ แแแแแถแแถแแถแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแ
แแถแแแแธแแแแถแแแบแแทแแแถแแแแแแแปแแแแแทแแถแ แแแแแแแแถแขแถแ
แฑแแถแแฑแแแแแทแแแแแแแแทแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแแแปแแแแแแแแฝแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแถ แ
2.3 Photos of the Technology
2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment
Country:
Cambodia
Region/ State/ Province:
แแผแแทแแแแถแแแแแผแ แแปแแแแแถแ แแแแปแแแถแแแแแธแแถแแแแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแ
Specify the spread of the Technology:
- evenly spread over an area
If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, specify area covered (in km2):
0.002
If precise area is not known, indicate approximate area covered:
- < 0.1 km2 (10 ha)
Comments:
แขแแปแแแแแแพแแแแแแธ แฅแ x แคแ แแแแแแ = แขแ แ แ แแแแแแแแถแแแแแแปแแแแแ
Map
ร2.6 Date of implementation
Indicate year of implementation:
2016
2.7 Introduction of the Technology
Specify how the Technology was introduced:
- through projects/ external interventions
Comments (type of project, etc.):
แขแแแแแถแแ แแแธแแถแแแแแแนแแแทแแแแขแแแแ (ECHO)
3. Classification of the SLM Technology
3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology
- reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
- create beneficial economic impact
3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Cropland
- Annual cropping
Annual cropping - Specify crops:
- vegetables - melon, pumpkin, squash or gourd
- legumes and pulses - beans
- แแแแแแแแทแแแธแแถแ
Annual cropping system:
Vegetables - wheat/barley/oat/upland rice
Number of growing seasons per year:
- 2
Specify:
แแแค แแบ แฅ (แแแแแแแแฝแ แแแแ แแแแกแถแ ) แแทแ แแแกแก แแบ แกแข (แแแแแแ แแแแกแถแ แฏแแแแแแแแฝแแ แแแพแแแถแแแแแแผแแแผแ แแแแแทแแแแแผแแแถแแแถแแแ)แ
Is crop rotation practiced?
Ja
If yes, specify:
แแแค แแบ แฅ (แแแแแแแแฝแ แแแแ แแแแกแถแ ) แแทแ แแแกแก แแบ แกแข (แแแแแแ แแแแกแถแ แฏแแแแแแแแฝแแ แแแพแแแถแแแแแแผแแแผแ แแแแแทแแแแแผแแแถแแแถแแแ)แ
Comments:
แแแแแแแแฝแ แแแแ แแแแแแ แแแแกแถแ
3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?
Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?
- Yes (Please fill out the questions below with regard to the land use before implementation of the Technology)

Cropland
Comments:
แแแถแแแแถแแแแปแแแแแแทแแแถแแแแแถแแ แแแพแแแปแแแ แ แพแแแแแทแแแแแแทแแแปแแแแแถแแแแแแแแ
3.4 Water supply
Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:
- mixed rainfed-irrigated
3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs
- rotational systems (crop rotation, fallows, shifting cultivation)
- integrated soil fertility management
- integrated pest and disease management (incl. organic agriculture)
3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

agronomic measures
- A1: Vegetation/ soil cover
- A2: Organic matter/ soil fertility
3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

chemical soil deterioration
- Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content (not caused by erosion)

physical soil deterioration
- Pc: compaction
- Pu: loss of bio-productive function due to other activities

biological degradation
- Bq: quantity/ biomass decline
- Bp: increase of pests/ diseases, loss of predators
3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation
Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:
- prevent land degradation
- reduce land degradation
Comments:
แแแแแถแแถแแแถแแปแ แทแแแ แนแแแแแปแแแธ แแทแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแบแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแทแแแถแแฝแแแนแแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแแธแแถแแแ แแทแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแธแแถแแแแ
4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs
4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology
Technical specifications (related to technical drawing):
แแแทแแแขแแปแแแแแแ แแ แแแแแแแแแแพแแแแแแธแแแปแแแแแแถแแแแ แ แฅแ x แคแ แแแแแแแ แแแแแแธแแแแ แแแแถแแแแปแแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแฝแแแถแแแแ แ แฅแ x แกแง แแแแแแแแถแ แจ แแ แแแแแถแแ แแแแแแแ แก แแแแแแแ แแแแธแแฝแแแแถแ แขแแฝแแแแแถแแแแแแถแแ แแแแแ แ ,แฆ แแแแแแ แแทแแ แแแแแแแปแแแ แก แแแแแแแ แแ แแแแแถแแแแทแแแแทแแแพแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแธแแแแแแ แแแ แ แกแฅ x แกแฅ แแแแแธแแแแแแ แแทแแแแแแ แกแฅ แแแแแธแแแแแแ แ แพแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแปแแแแแแ แแแแ แแ แฃ แแแแแธแแแแแแแ แแแแแแธแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแ แแแแแแแ แฅแ x แขแฃ แแแแแแ แแถแ แฉ แแ แแแแแถแแ แแแแแแแปแแแ แก,แข แแแแแแแ แแธแฏแ แแแแแแแแแแแถแ แแบ แข แแแแแแ แ แพแแแธแแแแแแ แแทแแแถแแแถแแแผแ แแแแถแแนแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแฝแแแแแ
Author:
แแแ แแฝแ แแปแแ
Date:
25/05/2017
4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs
Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:
- per Technology area
Indicate size and area unit:
แคแ x แฅแ แ = แขแ แ แแแแแแแแถแแแ
other/ national currency (specify):
แแแ
If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:
4000.0
Indicate average wage cost of hired labour per day:
20000 แแแ
4.3 Establishment activities
Activity | Timing (season) | |
---|---|---|
1. | แแแแฝแแแธแ แถแ | แแแแแแถ |
2. | แแถแแแแแแแ | แแแแแแถ |
3. | แแถแแแแธแแแธแแถแแแ แแทแแแถแแแแ | แแแแแแถ |
4. | แแถแแแแแถแแ | แแแแแแถ |
5. | แแทแแแแถแแแธแแแผแแแนแ | แแแแแแถ |
4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment
Specify input | Unit | Quantity | Costs per Unit | Total costs per input | % of costs borne by land users | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | แแแแฝแแแธแ แถแ | แแถแแ/แแแแ | 1.0 | 20000.0 | 20000.0 | 100.0 |
Labour | แแถแแแแธแแแธแแถแแแ แแทแแแถแแแแ | แแถแแ/แแแแ | 1.0 | 20000.0 | 20000.0 | 100.0 |
Labour | แแถแแแแแแแ แแทแแแถแ | แแถแแ/แแแแ | 5.0 | 20000.0 | 100000.0 | 100.0 |
Equipment | แแแถแแแธแแแผแแแนแ | แแแแฟแ | 1.0 | 1200000.0 | 1200000.0 | 100.0 |
Equipment | แแแแแแ | แแแแฟแ | 1.0 | 6000000.0 | 6000000.0 | 100.0 |
Plant material | แแแแถแแแแแแแแแแฝแ | แแแแ แแ | 4.0 | 8000.0 | 32000.0 | 100.0 |
Plant material | แแแแถแแแแแแ | แแแแ แแ | 5.0 | 7000.0 | 35000.0 | 100.0 |
Fertilizers and biocides | แแธแแแธแแถแแแ | แแถแ | 1.0 | 130000.0 | 130000.0 | 100.0 |
Fertilizers and biocides | แแธแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแธแแถแแแ | แแถแ | 1.0 | 130000.0 | 130000.0 | 100.0 |
Construction material | แ แแแถแแ | แ แ | 2.0 | 9000.0 | 18000.0 | 100.0 |
Construction material | แแแแแธ | แแแแแธ | 2.0 | 6000.0 | 12000.0 | 100.0 |
Construction material | แแแแแปแ | แแพแ | 1000.0 | 250.0 | 250000.0 | 100.0 |
Total costs for establishment of the Technology | 7947000.0 | |||||
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD | 1986.75 |
4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities
Activity | Timing/ frequency | |
---|---|---|
1. | แแแแแ แแนแ | แแถแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแถแแ 1แแแแแถแ แแแแแ/แแแแแถ |
2. | แแแแพแแแแ | 1แแแแแถแ แแแแแ |
3. | แแถแแแแแแแปแแแแแแแแแฝแ | แแถแแแถแแขแถแแป 14-15แแแแ |
4. | แแถแแแแแแถแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแขแทแ | แ แถแแแแธแขแถแแป20แแแแแกแพแแแถแแแแถแแ 7-10แแแแแแแแ |
5. | แแถแแแแแแแผแ แ | แแถแแแถแแขแถแแป 20-25แแแแ |
4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)
Specify input | Unit | Quantity | Costs per Unit | Total costs per input | % of costs borne by land users | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | แแแแแ แแนแ แแทแแแแแพแแแแ | แแถแแ/แแแแ | 14.0 | 20000.0 | 280000.0 | 100.0 |
Labour | แแถแแแแแแแปแ | แแถแแ/แแแแ | 3.0 | 20000.0 | 60000.0 | 100.0 |
Labour | แแถแแแแถแแแแแถแแแถแ | แแถแแ/แแแแ | 6.0 | 20000.0 | 120000.0 | 100.0 |
Labour | แแถแแแแแแแผแ แ | แแถแแ/แแแแ | 1.5 | 20000.0 | 30000.0 | 100.0 |
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology | 490000.0 | |||||
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD | 122.5 |
4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs
Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:
แแแแแแแแแแแแแแแ
5. Natural and human environment
5.1 Climate
Annual rainfall
- < 250 mm
- 251-500 mm
- 501-750 mm
- 751-1,000 mm
- 1,001-1,500 mm
- 1,501-2,000 mm
- 2,001-3,000 mm
- 3,001-4,000 mm
- > 4,000 mm
Specify average annual rainfall (if known), in mm:
1209.00
Specifications/ comments on rainfall:
แแแทแแถแแแนแแแแแแแแแแ แถแแแแแถแ แขแ แกแฅ แแถแแ แแแฝแ แกแขแ แฉ แแ แแแแถแ แขแ แกแค แแถแแ แแแฝแ แกแคแขแ .แงแค แแ แแทแแแแแถแ แขแ แกแฃ แแถแแ แแแฝแ แกแฃแฆแง.แฅ แแแ
Indicate the name of the reference meteorological station considered:
แแแแแฝแแแแแถแแแนแ แแทแแงแแปแแทแแ (แขแ แกแฅ)
Agro-climatic zone
- sub-humid
5.2 Topography
Slopes on average:
- flat (0-2%)
- gentle (3-5%)
- moderate (6-10%)
- rolling (11-15%)
- hilly (16-30%)
- steep (31-60%)
- very steep (>60%)
Landforms:
- plateau/plains
- ridges
- mountain slopes
- hill slopes
- footslopes
- valley floors
Altitudinal zone:
- 0-100 m a.s.l.
- 101-500 m a.s.l.
- 501-1,000 m a.s.l.
- 1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
- 1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
- 2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
- 2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
- 3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
- > 4,000 m a.s.l.
Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:
- not relevant
5.3 Soils
Soil depth on average:
- very shallow (0-20 cm)
- shallow (21-50 cm)
- moderately deep (51-80 cm)
- deep (81-120 cm)
- very deep (> 120 cm)
Soil texture (topsoil):
- medium (loamy, silty)
Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface):
- medium (loamy, silty)
Topsoil organic matter:
- medium (1-3%)
If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.
แแแแถแแแแแถแ แ แแแแแถแ pH=6.5 แแแแทแแแนแแแธแแแแแ แแแแถแแแแแ
5.4 Water availability and quality
Ground water table:
on surface
Availability of surface water:
good
Water quality (untreated):
for agricultural use only (irrigation)
Is water salinity a problem?
Nee
Is flooding of the area occurring?
Ja
Regularity:
episodically
Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:
แแนแแแแแแแแแแแแธ 7-10แแแแแแถแแ แผแแขแแ
5.5 Biodiversity
Species diversity:
- low
Habitat diversity:
- low
5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology
Sedentary or nomadic:
- Sedentary
Market orientation of production system:
- commercial/ market
Off-farm income:
- > 50% of all income
Relative level of wealth:
- average
Individuals or groups:
- individual/ household
Level of mechanization:
- mechanized/ motorized
Gender:
- women
Age of land users:
- middle-aged
5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology
- < 0.5 ha
- 0.5-1 ha
- 1-2 ha
- 2-5 ha
- 5-15 ha
- 15-50 ha
- 50-100 ha
- 100-500 ha
- 500-1,000 ha
- 1,000-10,000 ha
- > 10,000 ha
Is this considered small-, medium- or large-scale (referring to local context)?
- small-scale
5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights
Land ownership:
- individual, titled
Land use rights:
- individual
Water use rights:
- open access (unorganized)
Comments:
แแแแพแแแแถแแแแนแแแธแแแแนแ แแทแแขแผแ
5.9 Access to services and infrastructure
health:
- poor
- moderate
- good
education:
- poor
- moderate
- good
technical assistance:
- poor
- moderate
- good
employment (e.g. off-farm):
- poor
- moderate
- good
markets:
- poor
- moderate
- good
energy:
- poor
- moderate
- good
roads and transport:
- poor
- moderate
- good
drinking water and sanitation:
- poor
- moderate
- good
financial services:
- poor
- moderate
- good
6. Impacts and concluding statements
6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown
Socio-economic impacts
Production
crop production
Comments/ specify:
แแแทแแแแแแแแแถแแแพแแกแพแแแแแแถแแแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแทแแแปแ
แ แพแแแนแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแแธแแถแแแ แแทแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแธแแถแแแแ
crop quality
Comments/ specify:
แแปแแแถแแแแแถแแแแขแแถแแแปแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแผแแแธแแถแ
แแแแพแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแปแแ แฝแแแแแแทแแแแแแแพแแธแแแธแแถแแแแแทแแ
risk of production failure
Comments/ specify:
แแถแแแถแแแแแถแแ แแแพแแแถแแแฝแแแปแแแผแ แแแแแถแแแฝแแแถแแแแแแแแแถแแแแถแแแ
land management
Comments/ specify:
แแแแผแแแแแแแแแแแถแ แแทแแแธแแถแแ
Income and costs
expenses on agricultural inputs
Comments/ specify:
แแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแธแแธ แแบแ แแแถแแ แแแพแแแแแแแแถแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแธแแแธแแถแแแแ
farm income
Comments/ specify:
แแถแแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแพแแแแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแธแแธ แแทแแแถแแแถแแแแแถแแ แแแพแแแถแแแฝแแแปแแ
Socio-cultural impacts
food security/ self-sufficiency
Comments/ specify:
แแแฝแแแถแแแทแแแแแแแแแแ แแทแแแถแแแธแแแแถแแแแขแแแแแถแแแถแแแแถแแ
แผแแแถแแแแปแแแถแแแแแแ
แแปแแแแแทแแถแ
health situation
Comments/ specify:
แแแแถแแแถแแแปแแแถแแแแแแพแแแถแแแปแแแแแแถแแแแธแแแแพแแแแถแแ
แแธแแแธแแถแแแแแทแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแธแแถแแแแแแแฝแแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแธแแธแ
แแแพแ
แ แฝแแแแแแทแแแแ
SLM/ land degradation knowledge
Comments/ specify:
แแแฝแแแถแแแถแแแแแแปแแแแแแถแแแธแแแแปแแ แแปแแแถแแแถแแ แแแแทแ แแทแแแถแแแถแแแแแแ แผแแแธแแแแถแแแแแแแ แแแแแปแแถ (REMIC) แขแแแแแถแแ แแแธแแถแแแแแแนแแแทแแแแขแแแแ (ECHO) แแทแแแถแแแแแแธแแแแทแแแแแแแแแแแถแแพแแ
Ecological impacts
Water cycle/ runoff
water quality
Comments/ specify:
แแถแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแพแแธ แแทแแแแแถแแแธแแธ
Soil
soil cover
Comments/ specify:
แแถแแแแแถแแแถแแแแ
แถแแแทแแแปแแแธแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแฑแแแแถแแแถแ
แ แผแแ
แแแแแแแแผแ
แแถแแแแแถแแแแพแแแธแ
soil crusting/ sealing
Comments/ specify:
แแ แแแแแถแแแแแถแแแทแแแปแแแถแแแแ แถแแแฝแแแถแแแแแแแแแแ แฝแ แแทแแแฝแแแถแแแแแแแแแธแแแแแ
soil compaction
Comments/ specify:
แแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแแธแแถแแแ แแทแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแธแแถแแแแแฝแแแถแแแถแแแธแแธแแถแแ แถแแแแแ แแแขแแแแแถแแแซแแแแแถแแ
nutrient cycling/ recharge
Comments/ specify:
แแแแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแผแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแพแฑแแแแแแแแถแแแถแแป
แ
แทแแแ
แนแแแแแแพแแกแพแ
Biodiversity: vegetation, animals
invasive alien species
Comments/ specify:
แแแฝแแแแแแผแแ แแแผแ แ แแ แแทแแขแแแแพแแแถแแแแแผแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแขแแปแแแแแแแแถแแแทแแแปแ
beneficial species
Comments/ specify:
แแแแแแแธแแแแผแแแธแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธ แแทแแแแแถแแแธแแธแแแแแแพแแธแแแธแแถแแแ แแทแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแธแแถแแแแแแแพแฑแแแแแฝแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแพแแกแพแแ
pest/ disease control
Comments/ specify:
แแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแ
แแแแแแถแแแพแแกแพแแแแแแถแแแแแแแ
แแถแแแแแแแถแ แแธแ
แแ แแทแแแแแแผแแ แแแผแแแถแแแแแแพแแแถแแแปแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแผแ แแแแแแแแแแถแ
6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown
Specify assessment of off-site impacts (measurements):
แแทแแแถแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแขแแแแแทแแแถแแแฝแแฑแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแ
6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)
Gradual climate change
Gradual climate change
Season | increase or decrease | How does the Technology cope with it? | |
---|---|---|---|
annual rainfall | increase | not known |
6.4 Cost-benefit analysis
How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land usersโ perspective)?
Short-term returns:
slightly positive
Long-term returns:
positive
How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?
Short-term returns:
positive
Long-term returns:
slightly positive
6.5 Adoption of the Technology
- 1-10%
If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):
19 แแแแฝแแถแ
Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?
- 91-100%
Comments:
แขแแแแแแแขแแปแแแแแแ แแแ แแแแแแปแแแแแแ แแแขแแปแแแแแแแแแแแถแขแแปแแแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแพแแ
6.6 Adaptation
Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?
Nee
6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology
Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land userโs view |
---|
แแถแแแธแแแแถแแแแขแแแแแแแถแแแแทแแแแแถแแแแ
แถแ แแทแแแถแแ
แผแแแถแแแแปแแแ แแแแแแแทแแแแแแแแถแแแถแแแแ แแแแแแธแแถแแแแแธแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแทแแแปแแแแแแฝแแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแถแแแ |
แแถแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแธแแธ แแแแแแแพแแธแแแธแแถแแแ - แแถแแแแแแแถแแแแธแแถแแแ แแทแแแแแถแแแปแแแแทแแแแแแถแแแแแแทแแแแแแ แแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแทแแแแแแฑแแแแถแแแแแแแแถแแแขแแทแแแแแถแแ |
แแธแแถแแแปแแแแแถแแแถแแแถแแปแ
แทแแแ
แนแแแแแแถแแแทแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแฝแแแปแ แแแแแแแพแแแแแแธแแแแฝแ |
แแทแแแแแธ แแทแแแแแถแแแปแแแแทแแแแแแธแแแแปแแ แแปแแแธแแแแแถแแแถแแแแฝแแแแแถแแแแธ แขแแแแถแแแแถแแแแแแแแทแ แแ แ |
Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compilerโs or other key resource personโs view |
---|
แแธแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแปแแ แแปแแแถแแแถแแ แแแแทแ แแทแแแถแแแถแแแแแแ แผแแแธแแแแถแแแแแแแ แแแแแปแแถ (REMIC) แ แผแแแฝแแแถแขแแแแแฝแแแแแแผแแแทแแ |
แแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแทแแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแธแแธ แแทแแแแแถแแแปแแแแทแแแแแ แแแพแแแพแแแแ แแถแแแแแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแแธแแถแแแ แแทแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแธแแถแแแแแธแแแแปแแ แแปแแแแแแถแแขแถแแแแถแแแแแแแแแกแแแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแปแแแแทแแแแ แแแแผแแแถแแแแแพแแถแแแแแแทแแแแแแ แแถแแถแแปแแแแแทแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแถแแแ |
แแแฝแแแถแแแแแแแแปแแแแแทแแถแ แแแแแถแแแถแแแแแฝแแแทแแทแแแแแธแขแแแแแถแ ECHO แแ แแพแแแทแแแแแแแแแ |
แแถแแแถแแแปแแแทแแแปแแขแถแ แแฝแแฑแแแแแแแแแทแ แแ แแแทแแแแแแแพแแกแพแแแแแขแถแ แแถแแแปแแแถแแแแแแฝแแแแแถแ แแทแแแแแแผแแแ แแถแแแธแแแแถแแแแแแแ |
แแแทแแแแถแแแแแ
แแแถแแแแธแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแธแฑแแแแถแแ
แธแแแถแแแถแแแแแแถแ แแถแแแปแแแทแแแปแ แแทแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแธแแธแ แแแพแแแพแแแแ แแทแแแทแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแปแแแแแแถแแแแแแทแแแถแแทแแปแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแแ แแธ แแแทแแแแถแ แแทแแแแปแแแ แฌแแแแ แแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแฝแแแแทแแแแแแถแแแแแพแแถแแ แถแแแถแแแแทแแฑแแ แแแแพแแแแถแแแ |
แแแแ แแธแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแแธแแถแแแ แแทแแแธแแธแแธแแธแแแแปแแ แแปแแแถแแขแถแแแแถแแแแแ แแแทแแแแแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแถแแแแแแ แแแแปแแแถแแแถแแแปแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแ |
6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land userโs view | How can they be overcome? |
---|---|
แแทแแแถแแแขแถแ แแแแแแถแแแนแแแถแแแแแแแแแฝแแขแถแแถแแแถแแปแแ แกแพแแแแแผแ แแถแ แแธแแปแแแ แแถแแแพแแกแพแแแแแแ | แแทแแแนแ/แแปแแแถแแแแแพแ |
แ แแแแแแนแแแ แแถแแแแแแทแแแแแปแแแถแแแถแแแถแแแธแแถแแแธแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแแขแทแ แแแแแแถแแแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธ แแทแแแแแถแแแปแแแแแแแถแแทแแแแแแแ |
แขแถแ
แแแฝแแแถแแแแแทแแแแแแแแแแแแแ
แแแแแแแพแแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแถ แแแแแแแแแถแแ |
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compilerโs or other key resource personโs view | How can they be overcome? |
---|---|
แแ แแทแแแถแแแแถแแแ แแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแนแแแถแแแแแแแแแฝแแขแถแแถแแแถแแปแแถแ แแแขแแ แแผแ แแถแแนแแแแแแ แแถแแแถแแแแแแฝแ แฌแแถแแแพแแกแพแแแแแแ แแถแแพแแ | แแแแผแแแทแแทแแแแแแแแแแถแแถแแแปแแฑแแแแถแแแแข แแทแแแแแผแแแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแธแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแผแ แแถ แขแแแแแถแ ECHO แแแแแถแขแแแแแแแฝแแแทแแทแแแ แแทแแแถแแแถแแแปแแแถแ แ แพแแแแแปแแ แแปแ REMIC แแถแขแแแแแแฝแแแทแแ |
แแแทแแแแ แแแแพแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแปแแแแทแแแแแแ แแแแแฝแแแแแแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแธแแแแแแแขแทแ | แแแแแปแแแแแแถแแแแทแแแฑแแแแถแแแปแแ แแแแปแแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแถแแแถแแแผแ แแถ แแแแแแแ แแธ แแทแแแแแนแแแแแแแถแแพแแ แแพแแแธแแแแแ แแแแแแแแปแแแแแถแแแธแแแทแแ แแทแแแแแแปแแแแแแถแแฑแแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแแแถแแแปแแแแแแแถแแทแแแแฝแแแทแ แฌแขแแปแแแแแแทแแถแแแถแแ แแแแปแแแถแแแถแแแแแถแ (IPM)แ |
แแแทแแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแแธแแถแแแ แแทแแแถแแแแแแแถแแแแธแแถแแแแแแแแถแแธแแทแแแธแแแแปแแ แแปแ แแแแแถแแถแแแแแแพแแแแแแแพแแแแทแ |
แแแแแปแแแแทแแแฑแแแ
แแแแแทแแแธแแแแแปแแแแทแแแนแ แฌแแแแแปแแแแทแแแแแแแแแแแฝแแฏแแแพแแแแธแแถแแแแแแแแแถแแแแแพแแแแถแแ แแธแแทแแแธแแแแปแแ แแปแแ |
แแแแแแแแแแแฝแแแถแ แแบแแถแแแปแแแแแทแแถแ แแแปแแแแแแทแแแถแแแแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแธแแถแแแแแแแแ | แแแแแปแแแแทแแแฑแแแแถแแแปแแแแแแแแแธแแถแแแ |
แแถแแแแแพแแแพแแแแแแแแแแแถแแแทแแแปแแแทแแแถแแแแแแแแแแถแแแ แแ แแแแแแแถแแแแแแปแแแแแแแแแแแผแแแถแแแธแแแแถแแแถแ แงแแถแ แแแแแผแ แแถแแถแแแถแแแแแถแแแทแแแปแแแแแปแแแแแฝแแถแแแแแฝแ (แแแแแแ แแแแกแถแ แแแแ แแแแ แแบแแแแทแแแแแปแแแแแฝแแถแแแแแฝแ)แ |
แแถแแแแแถแแแทแแแปแแแแแปแแขแแแแผแแแปแแแแแถแแแแแทแแแแแพแฑแแแแธแแถแแทแแธแแแ
แปแแ แแพแขแถแ
แแแแถแแแแแแแแแแธแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแปแแแแแถแแทแแธแแฝแแแแถ แแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแพแแ |
7. References and links
7.1 Methods/ sources of information
- field visits, field surveys
แก แแแแแแ
- interviews with land users
แก แแถแแ
- interviews with SLM specialists/ experts
แฃ แแถแแ
When were the data compiled (in the field)?
25/05/2017
7.2 References to available publications
Title, author, year, ISBN:
Navin C. (2018) A Safe Vegetable Growers Group in the Svaymeanchey Satrey Samaki Agricultural Cooperative.
Available from where? Costs?
https://qcat.wocat.net/en/wocat/approaches/view/approaches_3216/
7.3 Links to relevant online information
Title/ description:
Cothren J. (2014) Advantages of Crop Rotation. NC Cooperative Extension. Retrieved on Sep 5 2017 from
URL:
https://wilkes.ces.ncsu.edu/2014/12/advantages-of-crop-rotation/
Title/ description:
Natural Systems Agriculture (2004) Agronomic Benefits of Intercropping Annual Crops in Manitoba. Retrieved on July 25 2017, from
URL:
http://www.umanitoba.ca/outreach/naturalagriculture/articles/intercrop.html
Title/ description:
My Agriculture Information Bank (2015) Inter Cropping and Its Advantages. My Agriculture Information Bank. Retrieved on July 25 2017 from
URL:
http://www.agriinfo.in/?page=topic&superid=1&topicid=492
Title/ description:
Ben G. (2016). What are the Different Types of Vegetables, Their Distinctions. CropsReview.com. Retrieved on Sep 17 2017 from
URL:
http://www.cropsreview.com/types-of-vegetables.html
Links and modules
Expand all Collapse allLinks

แแแแปแแแแทแแแแแทแแแแแแแแปแแแแแทแแถแแแ แแแแปแแแ แแแแแแแทแแแแ แแแแถแแแถแแแแแแแแแแธแแถแแแแแธ [Cambodia]
แแถแแ แแแแแแแแแปแแแแทแแแแถแแแแแแแแปแแแแแทแแถแแแแแผแแแถแแแแแแพแแกแพแแแถแแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแแ แทแแแ แแทแ แแถแแถแแแแแแแฝแแแแแ แแแแแแแทแแแแ (AC)แ แแแแปแแแแ แแบแแถแแแแแแ แแแแแถแแแแแแแทแแแ แแถแแแแแแถแแแแแแผแแแแแปแแแแแแพแแแถแแแแปแแกแพแแแแแแถแแแขแแแแแทแแ แขแแแแแแทแ แแทแแขแแแแแทแแแถแ แ แปแแแทแ แแ แแแแแถแแแแแถแแแแแแแแแแถแ แแแแ แแทแแแทแ แแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแแแแถแ แแแแแแแแแแถแ แแแแ แแบแแแแผแแแถแแแปแแแแแแแแพแแแแถแแแแธแแธแแธ แแทแแแแแถแแแปแแแแทแแแแแแถแแแแแแทแแแแแแแแถแ แแพแแแแธแแถแแถแแปแแแแแทแแถแแแแแขแแแแแแทแ แแทแแขแแแแแแแพแแแแถแแแ
- Compiler: Navin Chea
Modules
No modules