1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

15/10/2006

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Ja

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

V-ahaped sturcture on contour line in order to check sheet/reel erosion and for moisture retension.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

V-shaped structures on contour line .The size of the V ditch varies according to slope, depth of soil and soil texture. The V-ditch can be laid eithr in staggered or continuous. Purpose- 1. To control sheet and reel erosion 2. Retention of in situ soil moisture 3. To increase vegetative cover. Establishment/maintenance -- 1. Bunding, 2. Terracing, 3. Turfing, 4. Provisioin of outlets in contour lines. Environment:- Bio-Physical-1-Cropland-Annual 2. Grazing land-Extensive, 3. Forest, Socio-Economic- 1. land ownership-User Group (32 Members) 2. Land use rights-Usufructary Rights.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

Integarted Watershed Development Project (World bank aided) in Khandhamal and Ganjam districts of Orissa

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): (i) Sheet & rill erosion (ii) Low Moisture status.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): (i) Erosion (ii) Vegetation survival (iii) Low productivity of land

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: No

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 2

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 150Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - OctSecond longest growing period in days: 75Second longest growing period from month to month: Nov - Jan

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• cross-slope measure
• water harvesting

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Comments:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.14 m2.

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wo: offsite degradation effects

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge)

Secondary causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, overgrazing, droughts, land tenure (land subdivision), Land alienation

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• reduce land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

V-Ditch technical drawing

Location: QTInd16TechDraw.jpg

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap

Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, increase in soil fertility

Vegetative measure: Turfing of bund
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1.5

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Grass species: Vetiver/Berunbuta

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 6.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%

Structural measure: Contour V ditch
Vertical interval between structures (m): 2
Spacing between structures (m): 1
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): average
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 2
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1.5
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.3
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): Bottom=0.8 Top=0.2
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.5

Construction material (earth): Soil excavated from the ditches are used to construct banks/bunds

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 6%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

Rupee

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

50.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	Local grass barrier	Vegetative	On the onset of monsoon
2.	Cashew plantation	Vegetative	During rainy season
3.	Survey & layout	Structural	Before onset of monsoon.
4.	Digging of pit & construction of earthen bund	Structural	Premonsoon.
5.	Stone pitching on upstream slope of pit	Structural	Premonsoon.
6.	grass turffing	Structural	monsoon

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Labour	ha	1.0	35.0	35.0
Construction material	Stone	ha	1.0	5.0	5.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					40.0

Comments:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	Mini tillage	Agronomic	khariff / annual
2.	Cover cropping	Agronomic	khariff / annual
3.	Weeding	Vegetative	After rooting /Six months
4.	Soil work	Vegetative	After rooting /Six months
5.	Manuring	Vegetative	During rainy season /Twice in a year.
6.	Fire Control measures	Vegetative	During winter season /annual
7.	Turfing of bund with grass	Structural	during rain/annual
8.	De-silting of pits	Structural	before onset of monsoon/annual
9.	Maintaining upstream & down stream arrrangement	Structural	before onset of monsoon/annual
10.	Re-arrangement of displaced stone	Structural	before onset of monsoon/annual

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

Comments:

Length and cross section of the strucutre, stone availability.

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Labour availability, Availability of grass/stone , Transportation facility.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Comments and further specifications on topography:

Landforms: Also mountain slopes and ridges

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil fertility: Medium
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium
Soil water storage capacity: Medium (ranked 1) and high (ranked 2)

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 1% - 2%
10% of the land users are average wealthy and own 50% of the land.
20% of the land users are poor and own 30% of the land.
70% of the land users are poor and own 20% of the land.
Level of mechanization: Manual work (100% of the activities are performed manuall)
Market orientation: Subsistence (All crops are for self consumption presently)

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• state
• individual, titled

Land use rights:

• leased
• individual

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

34

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 0-10%

Comments:

15% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

32 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

5% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

2 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Low cost Simple technology User friendly Affordable How can they be sustained / enhanced? Guidance on cropping practices

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Based on traditional practices Low Cost Farmers can maintain Coserve insitu soil moisture Conserve the most vluable top soil How can they be sustained / enhanced? Involve people in planning Involve farmers while executing Place suitable disposal system in right places Regular maintenance Establishment of vegetative measures Adoption of proper cropping practices by the farmers

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
Apprehend getting benefits which will suffice their livelihoods	Off farm activities tomake them financially sound.

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Conflicts in future among farmers	Exposure on group dynamics and management of common property
Mobilisation of DWF and developemnt of corpus fund	Community organisation to generate corpus fund