1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Approach

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Approach (if relevant)

Decision Support for Mainstreaming and Scaling out Sustainable Land Management (GEF-FAO / DS-SLM)

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Approach (if relevant)

Department of Agriculture-Region VIII (DA-8) - Philippines

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

21/07/2015

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Reference(s) to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Technologies

2.1 Short description of the Approach

Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) refers to the organized efforts to work with communities in and near public forestlands with the intent to protect, rehabilitate, manage, conserve, and utilize the resources in partnership with the Local Government Units (LGUs) and other stakeholders.

2.2 Detailed description of the Approach

Detailed description of the Approach:

The objectives of the CBFM are the following: to develop, protect, conserve and utilize forest lands through sustainable forest management practices; to generate additional income for forest communities towards poverty reduction and hunger mitigation in the uplands; to promote equity through the provision of long term land tenure security and access to forest resources through issuance of CBFM agreements and certificate of stewardship; and to enhance the capacity of CBFM agreement holders as climate-resilient forest land resources managers.

The methods involved in the approach include agroforestry, plantation establishment, enrichment planting ,forest protection and conservation of existing forests. Agroforestry is the combination of forest trees, fruit trees and annual crops including livestock in the same piece of land. Plantation establishment is growing of forest trees in degraded grassland areas. Part of the enrichment planting is growing of rattan 'littuko', fruit trees, and indigenous species (dipterocarp,etc) along with existing trees in the area to improve forest cover and species diversification.

The project of CBFM in Nueva Vizcaya was initiated in 1998 and ended in 2002.The stages of implementation started with the preparatory stage, then the People's Organization formation and issuance of tenure instrument. It was followed by the planning stage, implementation stage then the monitoring, assessment and reporting stage.

The stakeholders in the approach are the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Community or the People's Organization (PO), Local Government Unit (LGU), Non-government organizations, other government agencies, academe, private sector and donor institution. DENR provided the funding support in the implementation of CBFM, twenty five(25) years security of tenure renewable for another 25 years to qualified organization of forest occupant in the management of forestlands thru CBFM agreement, provision of technical assistance, formulation of guidelines, monitoring and evaluation. The POs serve as managers of the forestlands allocated to them through CBFM agreement. They are responsible in the development, protection, and maintenance of the area. The LGU provides support to communities in the implementation of CBFM within its jurisdiction.

2.3 Photos of the Approach

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Approach has been applied

2.6 Dates of initiation and termination of the Approach

2.7 Type of Approach

• project/ programme based

2.8 Main aims/ objectives of the Approach

The main objectives of the approach focused on the economic, social and environmental aspect to increase income and standard of living, to develop the capacity of the communities to sustain and manage the forestlands and resources, to promote social justice through security of tenure, use rights, and to reclaim or rehabilitate degraded lands and sustain its productivity.

2.9 Conditions enabling or hindering implementation of the Technology/ Technologies applied under the Approach

3.1 Stakeholders involved in the Approach and their roles

3.2 Involvement of local land users/ local communities in the different phases of the Approach

	Involvement of local land users/ local communities	Specify who was involved and describe activities
initiation/ motivation	interactive	Community Organizing Training, Orientation about CBFM, Community Mapping
planning	interactive	Agroforestry and Farm Planning, Planning and Management of Community Enterprise, Formulation and Preparation of Community Resources Management Framework (CRMF), Farm Planning and Agroforestry Development
implementation	interactive	Livelihood training such as dressmaking, fossilized flower, agroforestry and soil and water conservation (SWC) technologies
monitoring/ evaluation	interactive	Environmental Performance Monitoring, Project Development and Management, Project Accounting and Reporting System
research	interactive

3.3 Flow chart (if available)

3.4 Decision-making on the selection of SLM Technology/ Technologies

Specify who decided on the selection of the Technology/ Technologies to be implemented:

• mainly land users, supported by SLM specialists

Explain:

The land users have traditional farming practices which were enhanced through technical assistance and training provided to them by SLM specialist.

Specify on what basis decisions were made:

• personal experience and opinions (undocumented)

4.1 Capacity building/ training

Was training provided to land users/ other stakeholders?

Yes

Specify who was trained:

• land users
• field staff/ advisers

Form of training:

• on-the-job
• farmer-to-farmer
• demonstration areas

Form of training:

• workshops

4.2 Advisory service

Do land users have access to an advisory service?

Yes

Specify whether advisory service is provided:

• on land users' fields

4.4 Monitoring and evaluation

Is monitoring and evaluation part of the Approach?

Yes

If yes, is this documentation intended to be used for monitoring and evaluation?

No

4.5 Research

Was research part of the Approach?

Yes

Specify topics:

• economics / marketing
• ecology
• technology

Give further details and indicate who did the research:

Done by the Nueva Vizcaya State University (NVSU) and the DENR-ITTO CBFM Project, Doctorate students from Nepal and Myanmar and Masteral students from DENR.

5.1 Annual budget for the SLM component of the Approach

If precise annual budget is not known, indicate range:

• 100,000-1,000,000

Comments (e.g. main sources of funding/ major donors):

ITTO-Yokado Co., Japan; Government of Japan; USA; Australia and Republic of Korea -> together 100%

5.2 Financial/ material support provided to land users

Did land users receive financial/ material support for implementing the Technology/ Technologies?

Yes

If yes, specify type(s) of support, conditions, and provider(s):

Financial support during the initial stage of CBFM implementation

5.3 Subsidies for specific inputs (including labour)

• agricultural

If labour by land users was a substantial input, was it:

• voluntary

5.4 Credit

Was credit provided under the Approach for SLM activities?

No

5.5 Other incentives or instruments

Were other incentives or instruments used to promote implementation of SLM Technologies?

No

6.1 Impacts of the Approach

6.2 Main motivation of land users to implement SLM

6.3 Sustainability of Approach activities

Can the land users sustain what has been implemented through the Approach (without external support)?

• yes

If yes, describe how:

The CBFM project at Barangay Buenavista, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya had financial support from the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and the DENR from 1998-2002.It was then turned-over to the Federation of Vista Hills, Kalongkong, and Kakilingan. Thereafter, the CBFM area has improved significantly in terms of forest cover, biodiversity and organizational capacity.The Federation is the manager of the forestland and its resources with the LGU and DENR providing monitoring technical support; minimal and limited financial assistance through the NGP and CBFM-CARP.

6.4 Strengths/ advantages of the Approach

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Multi-benefits from multi-storey and agroforestry practices.
Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices (IKSP) of upland communities including indigenous people.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Secured tenure

6.5 Weaknesses/ disadvantages of the Approach and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
Limited market access for CBFM products.	Develop market information systems to improve bargaining power of communities. Encourage value adding and primary processing.

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Poor financial management, record keeping by the POs, and members.	Enhance training of CBFM farmers in simple accounting,record keeping, and auditing.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information