1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Approach

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Approach (if relevant)

Department of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University (Department of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University) - China

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Reference(s) to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Technologies

2.1 Short description of the Approach

The shelter belt is a strip or a row of trees planted in a farmland as a wind barrier to protect crops and reduce wind erosion.

2.2 Detailed description of the Approach

Detailed description of the Approach:

Aims / objectives: Overall purposes are improving environment, and then realization sustainable development of agriculture. Specific objectives are decreasing wind erosion of cropland, increasing foodstuff production. When this approach is decided to implement, the first things to be done are to investigate natural and social-economic environment. Then scope and stages of implementation are decided by government with provision of capital and policies. After that, the approach need to propagandize to people who live in the project area. To implement this approach step by step, local government and land users play an very important role in implementation of the approach.

2.3 Photos of the Approach

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Approach has been applied

2.6 Dates of initiation and termination of the Approach

2.7 Type of Approach

• project/ programme based

2.8 Main aims/ objectives of the Approach

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Modulation of air temperature, purifying air and increasing oxygen.)

The main objectives of the approach were reducing wind speed and keep soil moisture so as to be sustainable development of local land resources.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Serious wind erosion in the farmland, and poor land management.

2.9 Conditions enabling or hindering implementation of the Technology/ Technologies applied under the Approach

3.1 Stakeholders involved in the Approach and their roles

3.2 Involvement of local land users/ local communities in the different phases of the Approach

	Involvement of local land users/ local communities	Specify who was involved and describe activities
initiation/ motivation	self-mobilization	public meetings; They were involved in approach by public meeting and understood the approach.
planning	interactive	ublic meetings; They involved approach by public meeting and understand the approach
implementation	self-mobilization	casual labour; They increased their income by participating casual labour
monitoring/ evaluation	interactive	interviews/questionnaires; They pronounced their point of view by interviews or questionnaires
Research	interactive	They do not participate in.

3.4 Decision-making on the selection of SLM Technology/ Technologies

Specify who decided on the selection of the Technology/ Technologies to be implemented:

• politicians/ leaders

Explain:

consultative.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users. directive (top-down).

4.1 Capacity building/ training

Was training provided to land users/ other stakeholders?

No

4.2 Advisory service

Do land users have access to an advisory service?

Yes

Specify whether advisory service is provided:

• on land users' fields

Describe/ comments:

On-the-job, farm visits, demonstration areas; Key elements: Quality of on-the-job, Effect of farm visits, Quality of demonstration areas; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: projects own extension structure and agents 2) Advisory service was carried out through: projects own extension structure and agents; Extension staff: mainly government employees 3) Target groups for extension: technicians/SWC specialists; Activities: Courses and demonstration

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; All land users want to do this approach if they could get economic benefit from it. At each government level, there is a SWC division which is in charge of SWC activities including extension.

4.3 Institution strengthening (organizational development)

Have institutions been established or strengthened through the Approach?

• yes, moderately

Specify the level(s) at which institutions have been strengthened or established:

• local

Specify type of support:

• financial

4.4 Monitoring and evaluation

Is monitoring and evaluation part of the Approach?

Yes

Comments:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

technical aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: None

economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

area treated aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

no. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

management of Approach aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: None

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Improving the approach according to the practical effect.

4.5 Research

Was research part of the Approach?

Yes

Specify topics:

• economics / marketing
• ecology

Give further details and indicate who did the research:

This approach is applied for improving environment so as to relief their poverty.

Research was carried out on station

5.1 Annual budget for the SLM component of the Approach

If precise annual budget is not known, indicate range:

• 10,000-100,000

Comments (e.g. main sources of funding/ major donors):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (-): 25.0%; government (national): 55.0%; international non-government (-): 7.0%; national non-government (-): 3.0%; local community / land user(s) (-): 10.0%

5.2 Financial/ material support provided to land users

Did land users receive financial/ material support for implementing the Technology/ Technologies?

Yes

5.3 Subsidies for specific inputs (including labour)

• equipment

• agricultural

• infrastructure

If labour by land users was a substantial input, was it:

• paid in cash

Comments:

Daily salary and materials as well as tools etc.

5.4 Credit

Was credit provided under the Approach for SLM activities?

Yes

Specify conditions (interest rate, payback, etc.):

Interest rate charged: 0.8%; repayment conditions: Varying every year, repayment is 5 years or 10 years..

Interest was lower than market rate.

6.1 Impacts of the Approach

6.3 Sustainability of Approach activities

Can the land users sustain what has been implemented through the Approach (without external support)?

• uncertain

If no or uncertain, specify and comment:

If there are not support from outside, land users couldn't will implement SWC approach.

6.4 Strengths/ advantages of the Approach

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Increasing their income (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Increasing propagandizing and education about SWC knowledge.)

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Improving agricultural production conditions. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Reinforcing management to this approach)
Increasing the land users' income (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Changing part cropland to cash crops or fuit trees so as to get much return and maintain the sustainable SWC approach.)

6.5 Weaknesses/ disadvantages of the Approach and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
Poor mamagement after the shelter belt construction.	Enhancing management of village communities forbidding deforest.

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Cost much money and more labour forces	The government should increase fund to implement this kind of approach.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

China atlas.China atlas publishing house, 1999, p25.

Available from where? Costs?

Library of the Department of Resource and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University.

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Zhao Yu,Jing Zhengping, Shi Peijun, Hao Yunchong et al.Inner Mongolia soil erosion research remote sensing was used in Inner Mongolia soil erosion research,Science publishing house,1989, p25.

Available from where? Costs?

Library of the Department of Resource and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University.

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Inner Mongolia forest department, Forest work manual,1998,12, p33-34, p67

Available from where? Costs?

Library of the Department of Resource and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University.

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Synthesized investigate team in Inner Mongolia-Ningxia, CAS.West of northeast Forest in Inner Mongolia autonomy region, Science publishing house,1981, p82-101.

Available from where? Costs?

Library of the Department of Resource and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University.

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Sun Jinzhu. Natural condition and reconstruct in Hetao plain,Inner Mongolia people's publishing house,1976, p188-189.

Available from where? Costs?

Library of the Department of Resource and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University.

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Inner Mongolia forest Department. Inner Mongolia autonomy region forest statistic data,1987, p75.

Available from where? Costs?

Library of the Department of Resource and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University.

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Hu Chun(chief editor). Inner Mongolia autonomy region climate resources about agriculture, forest and animal husbandry, Inner Mongolia people's publishing house, 1984, p45-47.

Available from where? Costs?

Library of the Department of Resource and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University.

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Water and soil conservation bureau, Yellow River irrigation works committee of Department of water and electricity. Water and soil conservation economy benefit thesis collecting,1987, p45-47.

Available from where? Costs?

Library of the Department of Resource and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University.

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Sun Jinzhu,Chen Shan(chief editor). Inner Mongolia environmental alarm beforehand and repair countermeasure. Inner Mongolia people's publishing house,1994, p132.

Available from where? Costs?

Library of the Department of Resource and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University.