1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Approach

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Approach (if relevant)

Deutsche Welthungerhilfe e. V. (Welthungerhilfe) - Tajikistan

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Approach (if relevant)

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH (GIZ) - Germany

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Approach (if relevant)

Azal (Azal) - Tajikistan

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

25/04/2015

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

2.1 Short description of the Approach

Thanks to a joint baking of a bread in public bakery by local residents, there is no need now to use a large amount of firewood, which leads to a reduction in felling of mountain forests around the village and in the leshoz area

2.2 Detailed description of the Approach

Detailed description of the Approach:

Aims / objectives: The approach was implemented by the NGO 'Azal' in 2013 within 3 years of the project Sustainable improvement of living conditions of rural communities through integrated, community-based forest protection and nature conservation, in partnership with Welthungerhilfe (GA); Donor - BMZ, GIZ, in Rasht.
Aim:Sustainable use of natural resources (SUNR) in remote mountainous areas with the involvement of the local community. Reducing of deforestation of mountain slopes and soil degradation around the village and in the leshoz area, through creation of favorable conditions for everyday household energy needs of the local population through the introduction of technologies with low energy consumption, and thus reducing the amount of firewood used.


Methods: Several methods were used: Organizing workshops for the local community (with the participation of all target groups (TG) representatives) raising the awareness about the consequences of uncontrolled use of natural resources (NR), identifying the existing problems in the management of the NR and the evaluation of potential protection activities for investing in technologies to reduce the amount of firewood. Demonstration posters, video clips about existing energy-efficient ways for mitigation. The decision support. Reveal what kind of knowledge is community needed and carried out the necessary trainings for them on energy saving , agro-forestry, agribusiness development; as well as trainings to strengthen the capacity of leshoz workers on protection and restoration of forests, visiting other leshozes with best practices.
For facilitation the management of NR the Jamoat territory have been divided into zones. For each zone, natural resources management committee (NRMC) is created.
Development of a joint action plan for the SLM, monitoring progress and problems.

Stages of implementation: 1. Selection of local community at the village level, located near the forestry. Signing the agreement on jamoat. 2. Meetings with representatives of various TG of local community to familiarize them with the aim and objectives of the project. 3. Assessment of the village NR condition with them, identify existing ecological problems. 4. discussing and identifying potential environmental protection activities for investment. 5. prioritization of the problem and a final decision of the ways how to overcome it. 5а. Also reveal what kind of knowledge on SLM is necessary for the local community and leshoz staff and conducting trainings for them. 6. establishment of a Natural Resources management committee (NRMC). 7.drawing up the programm for joint work on the project implementation, its coordination in Jamoat. 8. Implementation of planned activity under the leadership of NRMC. 9. monitoring, evaluation, reporting. 10. Transmission to the local community.


Role of stakeholders: -PO 'Azal' - the local partner –implementation on project, organization of trainings, facilitation of decision-making on SLM, providing with materials, monitoring.
-Jamoat- not financially involved, but as a local decision makers -assistance conduct work through permission for, signing documentations.
- NRMC - coordinate all works on SLM of they zone, documentation on deposits, mobilization of community .
-VDC and their women subcommittee, Mullah, representatives of leshoz, teachers -were actively involved in project implementation.
-Local community - was actively involved in the project and carry out all kinds of construction works.

Other important information: Forest area in Tajikistan is not large, and every year the area became greatly reduced because of cutting down the trees for firewood (heating, cooking and baking of bread). Bread occupies an important place in the diet of rural communities.

2.3 Photos of the Approach

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Approach has been applied

2.6 Dates of initiation and termination of the Approach

2.7 Type of Approach

• project/ programme based

2.8 Main aims/ objectives of the Approach

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (energy saving, reduction of cutting down the trees, reducing firewood consumption and reducing expenses of time for rural women.)

The purpose of public bakery: Reducing the needs of the local population of firewood by modifying the tandur and the approach: the transition from traditional individual energy-intensive method of baking bread with many private tandurs – to the public bakery with one public energy saving Tandur

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Poor control (forest management) due to limited capacity and limited financial resources for SLM, aggravated by limited power supply (5hours a day in coil season), and lack of funds for buying firewood and coal by local community, for a long heating period 5 -6 months in remote mountain villages, leads to uncontrolled deforestation around the villages. Overgrazing, trampling of seedlings, etc. All this hinders natural regeneration of forests and leads to a strong reduction of it’s area and to severe soil degradation and to soil fertility decline.
Social and gender inequality and the high degree of vulnerability of poor households.
Ineffective use of firewood at home.

2.9 Conditions enabling or hindering implementation of the Technology/ Technologies applied under the Approach

3.1 Stakeholders involved in the Approach and their roles

3.2 Involvement of local land users/ local communities in the different phases of the Approach

	Involvement of local land users/ local communities	Specify who was involved and describe activities
initiation/ motivation	external support	meetings with farmers with the help of the VDC. Explanation of the goal and objectives of the project by NGO 'Azal' specialists.
planning	interactive	Joint work plans with the local community (representatives of all target groups(TG)
implementation	interactive	Local community- Provision of labor, construction of buldings, participation in trainings. -NGO 'Azal' - purchase and delivery of the necessary building materials and the large size tandur
monitoring/ evaluation	interactive	Monitoring is carried out mainly by NGO 'Azal' experts and rarely by representatives of German Agro Action. Data collection and data entry to the Database. From the local community side: Cooperation on monitoring and evaluation.
Research	none	research was not carried out

3.3 Flow chart (if available)

3.4 Decision-making on the selection of SLM Technology/ Technologies

Specify who decided on the selection of the Technology/ Technologies to be implemented:

• mainly land users, supported by SLM specialists

Explain:

On workshops involving all TG , the NGO 'Azal' specialists has been given all information gathered in the assessment of the problems of natural resources (forests, soil, etc.) around the village Kuhdoman and on jamoat in general. Also, information on available technologies that can help mitigate them.
Land users rate them and choose the most environmentally and economically acceptable.


Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users. Experts after consultation with land users decide where they will build a bakery, calculate the number of required materials,size of bakery, size of roof, thickness and height of the walls etc.
Land users decide who will use this bakery, selected a woman responsible for her, build a bakery, in consultation with experts.

4.1 Capacity building/ training

Was training provided to land users/ other stakeholders?

Yes

Specify who was trained:

• land users
• field staff/ advisers

• leshoz (forestry department staff)

If relevant, specify gender, age, status, ethnicity, etc.

All the TG available in the community, mostly more than 18 years old. Women and men were invited.

Form of training:

• on-the-job
• farmer-to-farmer
• demonstration areas
• public meetings

Subjects covered:

trainings were mainly conducted on SLM: energy saving at home, on sustainable forest management, aforestation, on agroforestry system, on development agro business.

4.2 Advisory service

Do land users have access to an advisory service?

Yes

Specify whether advisory service is provided:

• on land users' fields

Describe/ comments:

Visiting and advising of leshoz staff and approach from farmer-farmer: Key elements: The exchange of experience between forestries on forest rehabilitation, measures to combat diseases and pests, creating a seedlings nursery, consultation of community how various methods of energy saving can be used , visiting demonstration sites with examples of best practices.

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; mainly by national NGOs and six NRMC which are created on Jamoat territory can continue this, if they can win grants or by implementation of fundraising in the community.

4.3 Institution strengthening (organizational development)

Have institutions been established or strengthened through the Approach?

• yes, moderately

Specify the level(s) at which institutions have been strengthened or established:

• local

Specify type of support:

• capacity building/ training

Give further details:

Trainings and consultations for leshoz staff concerning reforestation were conducted, also they visited the Vahdat leshoz nursery to get acquainted with a good experience, technical assistance to increase the area leshoz nursery have been done.

4.4 Monitoring and evaluation

Is monitoring and evaluation part of the Approach?

Yes

Comments:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government through observations; indicators: areas of planting seedlings and areas with illegal cutting down the trees.

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by government through measurements; indicators: by leshoz specialists

technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Сроки строительства, изменения в графике работ

technical aspects were regular monitored by land users through measurements; indicators: Number of purchased and spent materials

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: When public bakery will start it’s work- real decreasing the amount of firewood on this 25 households

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by other through measurements; indicators: monitoring of availability of bakery to all these 25 households

no. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: NRMC, etc

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by None through measurements; indicators: None

management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by None through observations; indicators: None

There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: None

There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: None

4.5 Research

Was research part of the Approach?

No

5.1 Annual budget for the SLM component of the Approach

If precise annual budget is not known, indicate range:

• 2,000-10,000

Comments (e.g. main sources of funding/ major donors):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international ( GIZ and BMZ ): 70.0%; international non-government (the German Agro Action (GA)): 30.0%; national non-government (NGO - Public Organization 'Azal'); local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (jamoat); local community / land user(s) (mainly in the form of labor input and construction works.)

5.2 Financial/ material support provided to land users

Did land users receive financial/ material support for implementing the Technology/ Technologies?

No

5.3 Subsidies for specific inputs (including labour)

• equipment

• construction

If labour by land users was a substantial input, was it:

• voluntary

Comments:

Local community carried out all construction voluntarily because they further will use this bakery

70% of the costs were covered by NGO (2000E) and 30% by local community in the form of labor input and the providing all kind of tools – trucks, shovelst, picks, hammers, etc.

Labour is also rewarded with other material support

5.4 Credit

Was credit provided under the Approach for SLM activities?

No

6.1 Impacts of the Approach

6.2 Main motivation of land users to implement SLM

6.3 Sustainability of Approach activities

Can the land users sustain what has been implemented through the Approach (without external support)?

• yes

If yes, describe how:

They now elected their NRMC (natural resources management commity), they have weight, because there are all chairmen VDO-s.They can together with the community make decision on the further introduction of energy saving through fundraising or base on the submission of proposals for small grants.

6.4 Strengths/ advantages of the Approach

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Reducing the trees cutting down, promote strengthening of slope lands, retain the unique native environment of Kamarov How can they be sustained / enhanced? 1. to grow up fast-growing tree species - poplar and willow on all available pieces of land close to the water and along irrigation canals 2. apply the complex of energy-saving technologies especially within the houses.
Achieving reduction of firewood use and reducing financial expenses and labor inputs for harvesting woods How can they be sustained / enhanced? It should be further implemented as well: 1. Creation of joint projects leshozes and school to involve youth in the process of forest protection, 2.farmer schools for SLM- based on school land (cultivation of vegetables and flowers in the open field and in greenhouses, drip irrigation, poultry and etc ...)

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Since the implementation of resource-saving technologies, this approach provides a guarantee for the sustainable management of mountain forests, this bakery demonstrate that it is possible to start saving the forest. How can they be sustained / enhanced? This approach should be widely promoted and introduced. As well as other energy-saving technologies (insulation of houses, energy-saving stoves, introduction of solar panels, a solar greenhouses).
Аssessment of the local ecological situation and causes of its worsening jointly by all TG creates conditions for increasing sustainability of mountain forests management in future. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Widely implement joint forest and pasture management approaches with involvement of all TG of the local community.
The participation of all TG of the community in decision-making process and the choice of SLM technologies to solve specific environmental problems increases their awareness and responsibility for their actions How can they be sustained / enhanced? wider use of power and authority of the NRMC and VDCs and to attract all TG to the decision making process.

6.5 Weaknesses/ disadvantages of the Approach and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
Many villages could independently implement such a bakery, but it is difficult to find a big size tandur on the local market	Several villages can together make order for local businessmen to bring from Dushanbe a large size tandurs for them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Would be useful for NRMC and VDC to make trainings on preparation of project proposals to address environmental issues and submit them to international organizations such as the GA, GIZ, UNDP	For implementation the energy-saving technologies, solar panels, etc. Or for training of a group from local community for making such tandurs, and the opening of shops of their production, according stoves (3 x1), thermal insulation of houses in Rasht
Would be good in the framework of this approach- the construction of the public bakery, to reinforce the use of other energy-saving measures as a complex	To apply an integrated energy-saving approach on community level - building a public bakery, as well on individual level - energy-saving winter furnace (3 in 1), the thermal insulation of houses. Then save the wood will be more noticeable and recognized.

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

reports and database OO 'Azal'

Available from where? Costs?

in PO «Azal» office

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Video clip about the public bakery produced by GIZ

Available from where? Costs?

in GIZ office