1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Bureau of Soils and Water Management (Bureau of Soils and Water Management) - Philippines

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Mt. Kitanglad and Agri Development Corporation (MKADC) - Philippines

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

15/07/2015

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.5 Reference to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Approaches

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

It is a package of soil and water conservation technology that integrates contouring, bedding, and blocking.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

The main commodity used in the area is pineapple planted in each bed within blocks. Each block contains around 23-25 beds. Spaces between blocks with a dimension of 2-3 meters (width) served as vegetative strips where grass is being utilized and maintained. Grass as natural vegetative strips served as control for soil erosion by water. Vegetative strips are used as roads for accessibility purposes in times of planting and harvesting season. Pineapple production would last for 18-20 months for normal season and these requires massive land preparation. Plowing is done through a modified moldboard plow.

Purpose of the Technology: Pineapple were planted in beds within blocks, which is efficient and effective in water-induced soil erosion control.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Deep plowing,around one meter deep is a normal practice in the area. This practice would ensure proper root development of pineapple which is crucial for their growth; also it ensures re-introduction of pineapple trashes from the previous cropping as organic matter. Next activity is harrowing, which is usually done twice to pulverize the soil. Plastic mulching is a also a practice after bedding to suppress weeds and conserve water. Weeding is done manually. Foliar fertilizer spraying is done to induce flowering.

Natural / human environment: The area is under humid agro-climate condition with a topography ranging from 1-10% slope. It receives an annual average rainfall of approximately 3072 mm/year. The elevation ranges from 370-890 meter above sea level.
Mt. Kitanglad and Agri Development Corporation (MKADC) operates the area where the technology are being practiced. The technology has been introduced through experiments and adoption from neighboring farms. Farmers living within the area are the laborers of the company, they do all needed activities during preparation of the land, planting and harvesting.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• 10-50 years ago

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• during experiments/ research

Comments (type of project, etc.):

The company through its own initiative, they made a trial and error experiments in designing the layout of the pineapple plantation, including how the vegetative strips will be laid out. In addition, they obtained designs from other farms that practiced soil and water conservation practice and they try to modify it.

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Presence of hardpan which causes water logging, this has an adverse effect on the growth and harvest rate of pineapple.

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• mixed rainfed-irrigated

Specify:

Longest growing period from month to month: growing period is 18 monthsSecond longest growing period from month to month: ratooning would last for 24 months

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• integrated soil fertility management

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

• 1-10 km2

Comments:

Approximately 6-7 square kilometer

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

Comments:

Main measures: agronomic measures

Secondary measures: vegetative measures

Type of agronomic measures: relay cropping, contour planting / strip cropping, mulching, rotations / fallows, breaking crust / sealed surface

Type of vegetative measures: in blocks

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Main causes of degradation: soil management, Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts), land tenure

Secondary causes of degradation: crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub), change of seasonal rainfall, labour availability

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Comments:

Main goals: prevention of land degradation

Secondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Each bed is within blocks. Vegetative strips width is approximately 2-3 meters. Contour lines with an approximate 0.5 meters width served as diversion ditches.

Location: Luguran, Valencia City Bukidnon

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Technical knowledge required for farmer level: moderate

Main technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: drain / divert, stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides)

Secondary technical functions: improvement of ground cover, increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil

Relay cropping
Material/ species: pineapple
Remarks: in beds within contoured blocks

Contour planting / strip cropping
Material/ species: pineapple

Mulching
Material/ species: plastic mulching
Remarks: in each bed

Rotations / fallows
Material/ species: grassland

Breaking crust / sealed surface
Material/ species: modified molboard plow
Remarks: plowed accross the slope

In blocks
Vegetative material: C : perennial crops
Number of plants per (ha): 2000
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.3
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.3

Perennial crops species: pineapple

Layout change according to natural and human environment: the technology follows a fallow period.

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

Philippine peso

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

46.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	Construction of vegetative strips. Vegetative strips has been prepared and laid out during land preparation ( agronomic measures) and is part of the paid labor .	Vegetative
2.	Plowing, also included the preparation of vegetative strips.	Vegetative
3.	Harrowing	Agronomic
4.	Bedding	Agronomic
5.	Mulching	Agronomic
6.	Planting	Agronomic

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Labourer	ha	1.0	143.0	143.0	100.0
Equipment	Machine use	ha	1.0	225.0	225.0	100.0
Construction material	Pineapple strings	ha		217.0		100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					368.0

Comments:

Equipement needed for plowing, harrowing and bedding

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	Ratooning	Agronomic	1
2.	Spraying	Agronomic	As needs arise
3.	Weeding	Agronomic	As needs arise
4.	Fertilizer Application	Agronomic	As needs arise but normally one to three times per cropping season
5.	Harvesting	Agronomic	Once or twice per cropping season
6.	Trimming of grasses	Vegetative	As needs arise

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Labourer	ha	1.0	279.0	279.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					279.0

Comments:

Machinery/ tools: Mouldboard plough

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Planting materials and labour

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Comments and further specifications on topography:

Slopes: gentle to moderate (The area ranges from 1-10% slope, 5-8 % Slope is dominant in the area.)

5.3 Soils

5.4 Water availability and quality

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Population density: < 10 persons/km2

Level of mechanization: Mechanized/motorized (Mechanized land preparation (through the use of mouldboard plough) is mostly done in the area.)

Annual population growth: < 0.5%

100% of the land users are average wealthy and own 100% of the land.

Market Orientation: Mixed (subsistence/commercial) Products were both marketed and consumed by land owners, some products that did not qualify quality standards were served as feeds for animals.

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, not titled
• individual, titled

Land use rights:

• leased

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	Type of climatic change/ extreme	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	not known

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm	not well
local windstorm	not well

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
drought	well

Hydrological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
general (river) flood	not well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 90-100%

Comments:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: Mt. Kitanglad and Agri Development Corporation (MKADC) operates the area where the technology are being practiced. The technology has been introduced through experiments and adoption from neighboring farms.

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Good for erosion control How can they be sustained / enhanced? Continued practice of the technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Ease of establishing the technology. How can they be sustained / enhanced? More scientific research
Transferrability/ Acceptability

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
More researches should be done to prove the effectiveness and efficiency of the technology as soil and water conservation technology.	Allow research authorities to conduct researches in their farm.

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Somehow labor intensive	Mechanization but should be regulated, productivity of the soil should not be compromised.