1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Central Asian Countries Initiative for Land Management (CACILM I)

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Kazakh Research Institute for Soil Science and Agr (Kazakh Research Institute for Soil Science and Agr) - Kazakhstan

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

12/12/2011

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.5 Reference to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Approaches

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Improvement of pastures through planting perennial legumes, cereals and grasses and creating seed banks.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

As a result of an increase in the number of livestock pastures were overstocked and soil and vegetation cover was degraded. To restore pastures in the area surrounding the Katon-Karagay village, a technology to improve pastures through sowing perennial legumes (sainfoin, lucerne, eastern galega), cereals (smooth brome, orchard grass, Russian wild rye), forage crops and mixed grasses was developed within the framework of the GEF/SGP “Organization of Katon-Karagay Village Pasture Management to Minimize Land Degradation” Project. The introduction of this technology allows for an increase in pasture productivity, and an improvement in the quality and weight of livestock. This leads to an increase in the income and improvement in the quality of life for the local population. The technology was applied to an area of 80 ha surrounding the Katon-Karagay village, where previously intensive livestock grazing was practiced. At present this area is under a short-term lease (5 years) to the "Mametek" Farmers’ Association (FA). The technology was introduced within the framework of the approach on "Pasture management through restoration of distant stock-breeding system and drastic improvement of pastures", in which "Mametek" FA is one of the key parties. Practice is documented in the frame of CACILM.

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose was to restore the degraded area surrounding Katon-Karagay village for later use as a pasture, to secure perennial grass and cereal seed production for the restoration of degraded pastures and to improve pasture productivity in other areas.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The establishment and maintenance activities include fencing of the area to prevent the destruction of crops by livestock. Soil processing - plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm with subsequent harrowing and evening. Spring sowing of cover crops (barley, oats) to a depth of 5-10 cm. After cover crops are sown, perennial grasses and cereals should be sown to a depth of 2-3 cm. They should be sown in the same area as the one-year crops. One-year crops and perennial forage crops should be mown annually in autumn. The seeds for sowing in other areas should be collected in the 3 years after sowing. The seeds are intended for the further restoration of pastures in other areas. To utilize the technology the following initial activities should be conducted: purchase of materials (poles, wire), soil processing (leasing of tractors and seeders), purchase of seeds for sowing, leasing of machinery for mowing and taking away the hay. The work should be conducted by the farmers’ association with an additional labour force for a period of up to 15 days. Since the grasses are perennial, there is no need for further activities, only nitric fertilizers should be applied from time to time.

Natural / human environment: The project area is situated in an inter-mountain valley at a height of about 1000 m. The area is located within a semi-arid natural zone. The area is located within the Katon-Karagay State Natural Park and has limited economic use, mainly as pasture

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• 10-50 years ago

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

GEF/SGP “Organization of Katon-Karagay Village Pasture Management to Minimize Land Degradation” Project 2009-2011

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soil and vegetation degradation as a result of overgrazing

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Reduction of pasture productivity as a result of unregulated land use

Ranching: Sheep, cows. horses

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Grazing land: Gi: Intensive grazing/ fodder production

If land use has changed due to the implementation of the Technology, indicate land use before implementation of the Technology:

Пастбище: Ge: Экстенсивное пастбище

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

Comments:

Водопотребление: богарное, богарное

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 1

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 150Longest growing period from month to month: May-September

Livestock density (if relevant):

1-10 LU /km2

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

• 0.1-1 km2

Comments:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.8 m2.

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

Comments:

Основные мероприятия: связанные с использованием растительности, инженерные

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main causes of degradation: overgrazing (Excesses in the allowable number of grazing livestock), population pressure (Intensive use of land surrounding the village)

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation
• reduce land degradation

Comments:

Основная цель: снижение деградации земель, предотвращение деградации земель

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

The 80 ha of land are located 3 km northeast of Katon-Karagay village in the upper part of an inter-mountain valley turning to mountain slopes. The surface is undivided and has a slope of 3-5 %.

Location: the area surrounding Katon-Karagay village. Katon-Karagay

Date: 2011-11-16

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high (Technology training)

Technical knowledge required for land users: high (Technology observance)

Main technical functions: increase of biomass (quantity), promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder)

Secondary technical functions: improvement of ground cover, improvement of topsoil structure (compaction), increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…), increase / maintain water stored in soil

Vegetative measure: Sowing of perenial grasses
Vegetative material: G : grass
Number of plants per (ha): 2-3 millions
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5-0.6
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.01

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Perennial crops species: legumes (sainfoin, lucerne, eastern galega) and cereals (smooth brome, orchardgrass, Russian wildrye

Structural measure: fence
Spacing between structures (m): 20

Construction material (wood): Columns

Construction material (other): Wire

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

tenge

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

149.6

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	Acquiring of seeds	Vegetative	autumn or early spring
2.	Plowing	Vegetative	spring
3.	Harrowing	Vegetative	spring
4.	Sowing	Vegetative	spring
5.	Covering	Vegetative	spring
6.	Fencing of the area	Structural	Spring

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Plowing	person/day	4.0	25.0	100.0	100.0
Labour	Fencing	person/day	5.0	25.0	125.0	100.0
Labour	Harrowing	person/day	4.0	25.0	100.0	100.0
Labour	Sowing	person/day	8.0	25.0	200.0	100.0
Equipment	Machine use plowing	machine hours	128.0	15.57	1992.96
Equipment	Machine use harrowing	hamachine hours	48.0	16.666666	800.0
Equipment	Machine use sowing	machine hours	48.0	16.66666	800.0
Equipment	Machine use covering	machine hours	64.0	6.859	438.98
Plant material	Seeds	kg/ha	12.5	5.6	70.0
Construction material	Wire, poles	km	3.2	93.75	300.0	100.0
Other	Labour: Covering	person/days	8.0	25.0	200.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					5126.94

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	. Mowing of grasses	Vegetative	September

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Mowing of grass	person days	8.0	25.0	200.0	100.0
Equipment	Machine use for mowing of the grass	machine hours	64.0	9.375	600.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					800.0

Comments:

Machinery/ tools: tractor, plow, harrow, seeder

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Thin-layer and stony soil impacts the costs, labor force should be hired

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

5.3 Soils

5.4 Water availability and quality

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly Leaders / privileged

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2

Annual population growth: < 0.5%

Relative level of wealth: rich, average, poor

5% of the land users are rich.
20% of the land users are average wealthy.
75% of the land users are poor.

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• state

Land use rights:

• leased

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	Type of climatic change/ extreme	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm	well
local windstorm	well

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
drought	not well

Hydrological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
general (river) flood	well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

Comments:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

1 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: It was introduced by ”Mametek” Farmers’ Association with the participation of the local population

There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: No long-term lease

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
The opportunity for additional income
An improvement in grass quality and forage base, an increase in livestock weight

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Land degradation stopped How can they be sustained / enhanced? An expansion in the use of the technology and interest of the local population will result in the restoration and greater productivity of a larger area.
High cost efficiency
Low-cost technology How can they be sustained / enhanced? Due to its low initial investment, people will be interested in using the technology
Complete support by the population and local authorities

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
In the event of a change in the local administration, people are unsure if the lease will be renewed.	Efforts should be made to renew the lease when it expires

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
After a short-term lease expires, the opportunity for project extension is not clear	Efforts should be made to renew the lease when it expires

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Содержание и допустимые нормы нагрузки животных на землях населенных пунктов и многолетние травы, используемые для улучшения пастбищ и сенокосов. Серекпаев Н.А., 2010

Available from where? Costs?

С. Катон-Карагай / бесплатно