1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Danajon Communities WATCH ( DCW)

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Philippine Partnership for the Development of Human Resoruces in Rural Areasy (PhilDHRRA) - Philippines

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

05/04/2017

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

Comments:

Artificial Reef is installed at the bottom of the sea and anchored in all corners, thus, any weather and climate condition can not directly affect the situation of the technology as an alternative marine habitat.

1.5 Reference to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Approaches

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Artificial Reef is a fish aggregating device that is considered as a sustainable alternative in the islands of Bohol. This technology can withstand the effects of gale warning, typhoons and extreme heat.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

The fishers of Bohol have been using Artificial Reef over a long period of time. This is a fish aggregating device but at the same time, used for brown lip culture. Aside from the above mentioned functions of Artificial Reef, the Island of Bilangbilangan East in Bien Unido, Bohol installed this technology around the buffer zone of the marine sanctuary because the floater will serve as indicator of the marine protected area.

Artificial Reef Technology is a project of Bilangbilangan East Fishers Association (BEFA) from Brgy. Bilangbilangan East, Bien Unido, Bohol; Calituban Fisherfolks Association (CFO) from Brgy. Calituban, Talibon, Bohol and Nasingin Fisherfolks and Mangrove Planters Association (NasFiMPA) from Brgy. Nasingin, Getafe. This technology is owned and managed by the People's Organization found in these three island barangays namely BEFA, CFO and NasFiMPA.

Artificial Reef if is primarily made of bamboo with a life span of 3 to 5 years. For stability, it is anchored in the four corners using a cemented container tied to every end of its corners. For markings, floaters are placed in the sea surface but Nasingin and Calituban fishers preferred not to use floaters for the security of their installed artificial reefs, rather, they used terrestrial points to identify the location.

This technology was installed within the municipal waters (15 kilometers from the shoreline) to help minimize fishing cost and avoid the hazards of sudden change in weather condition. The PO are now vigilant because they already installed Artificial Reefs before but were destroyed by the dynamite fishers. This encouraged the PO members to practice safe and legal forms of fishing in order to sustain their project. Above all, artificial reef will enhance fish spawning and provide alternative shelter to fishes during hot season.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.4 Videos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

2017

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• as part of a traditional system (> 50 years)

Comments (type of project, etc.):

The 3 areas have tried this kind of method even before DCW Project. However, it was not sustained mainly because of illegal fishing and illegal entry of fishers from the neighboring municipalities and barangays.

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production
• preserve/ improve biodiversity
• adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
• create beneficial social impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

If land use has changed due to the implementation of the Technology, indicate land use before implementation of the Technology:

Before the installation of Artificial Reefs, the fishers are obliged to go beyond the municipal waters which increased their production cost and risk to sudden change of weather.
The Artificial Reef was installed within the municipal waters (15 kilometers from the shore line), fishers will lessen their production cost particularly their fuel consumption. This technology also increased fish spawning and marine conservation.

3.3 Further information about land use

other (e.g. post-flooding):

• not applicable

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• improved plant varieties/ animal breeds
• surface water management (spring, river, lakes, sea)
• ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• applied at specific points/ concentrated on a small area

Comments:

Each Artificial Reef was installed 10 meters apart from each other.

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• not applicable

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Materials: bamboo pole, spiny bamboo, nylon #10 and coral stone as sinker

For this project with seed capital worth Php 30,000, 10 Artificial Reefs are targeted to be installed in a linear position.
Artificial Reef is pyramid in shape with the following dimensions:
Height: 12 - 15 feet
Base: 6.6 feet

Installation process:
Interval: 10 meters
Depth: 12 - 15 meters

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

• per Technology unit

other/ national currency (specify):

Philippine Peso

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

51.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	canvass of bamboo poles and spiny bamboo	Structural	before construction
2.	purchase of construction materials	Management	before construction
3.	construction of artificial reefs	Management	every 3-5 years
4.	site selection	Management
5.	installation of artificial reefs	Structural
6.	monitoring	Management	3 months after installation; monthly basis afterwards per artificial reef
7.	harvest	Management	3 months after installation; monthly basis afterwards per artificial reef

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Equipment	motorboat rental	piece	2.0	300.0	600.0
Construction material	Bamboo Pole	piece	10.0	120.0	1200.0
Construction material	Spiny Bamboo	piece	4.0	50.0	200.0
Construction material	Nylon #10	kilo	10.0	120.0	1200.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					3200.0

Comments:

No labor cost because the organization agreed that they will do it voluntarily.

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	Monitoring	Structural	3 months after installation, monthly basis after that

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	monitoring	persons-day	2.0	250.0	500.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					500.0

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Supply of bamboo poles and spiny bamboo since they have to find it from the interior part of the mainland.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

• not relevant

Comments and further specifications on topography:

The technology must be installed along the path.

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Not Applicable

5.4 Water availability and quality

Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:

Not Applicable

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• group

Land use rights:

• communal (organized)

Water use rights:

• open access (unorganized)

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Climate and disaster risk reduction

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

Comments regarding impact assessment:

Not Applicable

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	Type of climatic change/ extreme	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	very well
seasonal rainfall	wet/ rainy season	decrease	very well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
tropical storm	very well
local thunderstorm	very well
local windstorm	very well

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
drought	very well

Other climate-related consequences

Other climate-related consequences

	How does the Technology cope with it?
sea level rise	very well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• more than 50%

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

It's an organizational project with 80 - 120 members each organization.

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 10-50%

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

Yes

If yes, indicate to which changing conditions it was adapted:

• climatic change/ extremes

Specify adaptation of the Technology (design, material/ species, etc.):

Instead of using bamboo poles, one organization decided to cement the poles because it is very difficult to find bamboo in the mainland. Also, bamboo will only last for 2-3 years.

Another organization planned to use plastic straps instead of spiny bamboo so that it will be easier and convenient for them to harvest. Another reason is the availability of brown lip spawn that will stream either at the bottom of the sea, in the middle or along the sea water level. The PO strategize to use plastic straps because they will just hang it above the artificial reef to have better harvest on brown lip.

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
According to the management team, the advantage is having alternative site for fishing even if there is gale warning.
It will minimize expenses because of lesser fuel consumption.
Having an Artificial Reef (AR) project encouraged the members, including their wives to protect the artificial reef site from illegal fishers especially dynamite fishing and trawling. As a result, the people became aware of the effects of illegal fishing and the destruction it will bring to their marine ecosystem.
The longer the Artificial Reef (AR) stayed undisturbed, the greater the income.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Artificial reef enhanced fish spawning, food chain and improved marine ecosystem.
Catalyst of behavioral change among the members of the People's Organization namely BEFA, CFO and NasFiMPA.
The organization work together for the preservation, protection and conservation of the project site.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
Monitoring assignment of the members.	Be strict with the Sustainable Enterprise (SE) Management policy.
The harvest cost is very expensive because it needs diving gears and large fishing nets.	Collaborate with Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) for harvest paraphernalia.
The organization has no police power to arrest the intruders and illegal fishers that will take advantage.	Close coordination with the municipal fish wardens (Bantay Dagat). The organization will establish security measures to protect their Artificial Reefs (AR) installed.

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
The duty bearers should implement Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 (Republic Act No. 8550).	Capacitate the People's Organization to lobby and and implement the law.
The local government unit lacks support mechanism for resource-based technologies promoting environment friendly and disaster resilient enterprise.	Partnership among the local government units, people's organization and non-government organizations.
Limited exposure to market, business ideas and linkaging.	Conduct Value Chain Analysis (VCA) training, financial coaching, Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS) and on-site mentoring.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information