Technologies

Artificial Reef [Philippines]

Gango

technologies_3116 - Philippines

Completeness: 88%

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

Sustainable Livelihood Officer (SLO):

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)
Danajon Communities WATCH ( DCW)
Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)
Philippine Partnership for the Development of Human Resoruces in Rural Areasy (PhilDHRRA) - Philippines

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

Comments:

Artificial Reef is installed at the bottom of the sea and anchored in all corners, thus, any weather and climate condition can not directly affect the situation of the technology as an alternative marine habitat.

1.5 Reference to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Approaches (documented using WOCAT)

Social Enterprise (SE)
approaches

Social Enterprise (SE) [Philippines]

Social Enterprise (SE) aimed to provide social protection among its members and generate additional family income. Above all, this approach will encourage the conservation, preservation and protection of the resources available in the community.

  • Compiler: Keeshia Lynn Marie Austria

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Artificial Reef is a fish aggregating device that is considered as a sustainable alternative in the islands of Bohol. This technology can withstand the effects of gale warning, typhoons and extreme heat.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

The fishers of Bohol have been using Artificial Reef over a long period of time. This is a fish aggregating device but at the same time, used for brown lip culture. Aside from the above mentioned functions of Artificial Reef, the Island of Bilangbilangan East in Bien Unido, Bohol installed this technology around the buffer zone of the marine sanctuary because the floater will serve as indicator of the marine protected area.

Artificial Reef Technology is a project of Bilangbilangan East Fishers Association (BEFA) from Brgy. Bilangbilangan East, Bien Unido, Bohol; Calituban Fisherfolks Association (CFO) from Brgy. Calituban, Talibon, Bohol and Nasingin Fisherfolks and Mangrove Planters Association (NasFiMPA) from Brgy. Nasingin, Getafe. This technology is owned and managed by the People's Organization found in these three island barangays namely BEFA, CFO and NasFiMPA.

Artificial Reef if is primarily made of bamboo with a life span of 3 to 5 years. For stability, it is anchored in the four corners using a cemented container tied to every end of its corners. For markings, floaters are placed in the sea surface but Nasingin and Calituban fishers preferred not to use floaters for the security of their installed artificial reefs, rather, they used terrestrial points to identify the location.

This technology was installed within the municipal waters (15 kilometers from the shoreline) to help minimize fishing cost and avoid the hazards of sudden change in weather condition. The PO are now vigilant because they already installed Artificial Reefs before but were destroyed by the dynamite fishers. This encouraged the PO members to practice safe and legal forms of fishing in order to sustain their project. Above all, artificial reef will enhance fish spawning and provide alternative shelter to fishes during hot season.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

General remarks regarding photos:

Brown lips will naturally grow in the artificial reef. After 3 months of installation, fishers can already harvest fish while the first harvest of brown lip can be done a year after the installation.

2.4 Videos of the Technology

Comments, short description:

Monitoring of the Artificial Reef in Bilangbilangan Island, Bien Unido, Bohol after 3 months of installation.

A Social Enterprise Project of Danajon Communities WATCH (DCW) Project. Implemented by PhilDHRRA, LPFI and A2D Project. In Partnership with Caritas Switzerland and JTIF.

Date:

01/06/2016

Location:

Brgy. Bilangbilangan East, Bien Unido, Bohol

Name of videographer:

Bilangbilangan East Fisherfolks Association (BEFA)

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Philippines

Region/ State/ Province:

Bohol

Further specification of location:

Brgy. Bilangbilangan East, Municipality of Bien Unido; Brgy. Calituban, Municipality of Talibon; Brgy. Nasingin, Municipality of Getafe

Specify the spread of the Technology:
  • applied at specific points/ concentrated on a small area
Comments:

The team decided to get the coordinates of the 2 ends and middle part of the Artificial Reef installed due to the weather and current of the tide. Also, these technologies were installed in a linear position.
Each Artificial Reef was installed 10 meters apart from each other.

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

2017

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:
  • as part of a traditional system (> 50 years)
Comments (type of project, etc.):

The 3 areas have tried this kind of method even before DCW Project. However, it was not sustained mainly because of illegal fishing and illegal entry of fishers from the neighboring municipalities and barangays.

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

  • improve production
  • preserve/ improve biodiversity
  • adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
  • create beneficial social impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Waterways, waterbodies, wetlands

Waterways, waterbodies, wetlands

  • sea
Main products/ services:

Brown lip culture and fish aggregating device, fish

3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?
  • Yes (Please fill out the questions below with regard to the land use before implementation of the Technology)
Other

Other

Specify:

Before the installation of Artificial Reefs, the fishers are obliged to go beyond the municipal waters which increased their production cost and risk to sudden change of weather. The Artificial Reef was installed within the municipal waters (15 kilometers from the shore line), fishers will lessen their production cost particularly their fuel consumption. This technology also increased fish spawning and marine conservation.

3.4 Water supply

other (e.g. post-flooding):
  • not applicable

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

  • improved plant varieties/ animal breeds
  • surface water management (spring, river, lakes, sea)
  • ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

structural measures

structural measures

  • S9: Shelters for plants and animals

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:
  • not applicable

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

Technical specifications (related to technical drawing):

Materials: bamboo pole, spiny bamboo, nylon #10 and coral stone as sinker

For this project with seed capital worth Php 30,000, 10 Artificial Reefs are targeted to be installed in a linear position.
Artificial Reef is pyramid in shape with the following dimensions:
Height: 12 - 15 feet
Base: 6.6 feet

Installation process:
Interval: 10 meters
Depth: 12 - 15 meters

Author:

Calituban Fisherfolks Organization

Date:

09/05/2015

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:
  • per Technology unit
Specify unit:

Php 3,200 per unit inclusive of installation; Php 32,000 for the 10 Artificial Reefs installed

Specify dimensions of unit (if relevant):

Length of spread: 90 meters

other/ national currency (specify):

Philippine Peso

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

51.0

Indicate average wage cost of hired labour per day:

Php 250.00

4.3 Establishment activities

Activity Timing (season)
1. canvass of bamboo poles and spiny bamboo before construction
2. purchase of construction materials before construction
3. construction of artificial reefs every 3-5 years
4. site selection
5. installation of artificial reefs
6. monitoring 3 months after installation; monthly basis afterwards per artificial reef
7. harvest 3 months after installation; monthly basis afterwards per artificial reef

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

Specify input Unit Quantity Costs per Unit Total costs per input % of costs borne by land users
Equipment motorboat rental piece 2.0 300.0 600.0
Construction material Bamboo Pole piece 10.0 120.0 1200.0
Construction material Spiny Bamboo piece 4.0 50.0 200.0
Construction material Nylon #10 kilo 10.0 120.0 1200.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology 3200.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD 62.75
Comments:

No labor cost because the organization agreed that they will do it voluntarily.

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

Activity Timing/ frequency
1. Monitoring 3 months after installation, monthly basis after that

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

Specify input Unit Quantity Costs per Unit Total costs per input % of costs borne by land users
Labour monitoring persons-day 2.0 250.0 500.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology 500.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD 9.8

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Supply of bamboo poles and spiny bamboo since they have to find it from the interior part of the mainland.

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall
  • < 250 mm
  • 251-500 mm
  • 501-750 mm
  • 751-1,000 mm
  • 1,001-1,500 mm
  • 1,501-2,000 mm
  • 2,001-3,000 mm
  • 3,001-4,000 mm
  • > 4,000 mm
Specify average annual rainfall (if known), in mm:

9999.00

Specifications/ comments on rainfall:

as of 2016 data

Indicate the name of the reference meteorological station considered:

https://weather-and-climate.com

Agro-climatic zone
  • humid

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:
  • flat (0-2%)
  • gentle (3-5%)
  • moderate (6-10%)
  • rolling (11-15%)
  • hilly (16-30%)
  • steep (31-60%)
  • very steep (>60%)
Landforms:
  • plateau/plains
  • ridges
  • mountain slopes
  • hill slopes
  • footslopes
  • valley floors
Altitudinal zone:
  • 0-100 m a.s.l.
  • 101-500 m a.s.l.
  • 501-1,000 m a.s.l.
  • 1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
  • 1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
  • 2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
  • 2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
  • 3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
  • > 4,000 m a.s.l.
Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:
  • not relevant
Comments and further specifications on topography:

The technology must be installed along the path.

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Not Applicable

5.4 Water availability and quality

Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:

Not Applicable

5.5 Biodiversity

Species diversity:
  • high
Habitat diversity:
  • medium

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Sedentary or nomadic:
  • Sedentary
Market orientation of production system:
  • mixed (subsistence/ commercial)
Off-farm income:
  • less than 10% of all income
Relative level of wealth:
  • poor
Individuals or groups:
  • groups/ community
Level of mechanization:
  • manual work
Gender:
  • women
  • men
Age of land users:
  • middle-aged
  • elderly

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

  • < 0.5 ha
  • 0.5-1 ha
  • 1-2 ha
  • 2-5 ha
  • 5-15 ha
  • 15-50 ha
  • 50-100 ha
  • 100-500 ha
  • 500-1,000 ha
  • 1,000-10,000 ha
  • > 10,000 ha
Is this considered small-, medium- or large-scale (referring to local context)?
  • small-scale

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:
  • group
Land use rights:
  • communal (organized)
Water use rights:
  • open access (unorganized)

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

health:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
education:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
technical assistance:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
employment (e.g. off-farm):
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
markets:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
energy:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
roads and transport:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
drinking water and sanitation:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
financial services:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
Solid Waste Management:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good

6. Impacts and concluding statements

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

animal production

decreased
increased

product diversity

decreased
increased

production area

decreased
increased
Comments/ specify:

By installing artificial reefs the fishers are not obliged to go further.

Income and costs

expenses on agricultural inputs

increased
decreased
Comments/ specify:

decrease in fuel consumption

Socio-cultural impacts

food security/ self-sufficiency

reduced
improved
Comments/ specify:

The fishers can catch fish even if there is gale warning.

risk exposure to sudden change of weather conditions

decreased
increased

Ecological impacts

Climate and disaster risk reduction

impacts of cyclones, rain storms

increased
decreased
Comments/ specify:

The technology will not be affected directly or indirectly by the effects of gale warning and typhoon.

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

Specify assessment of off-site impacts (measurements):

Not Applicable

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change
Season increase or decrease How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature increase very well
seasonal rainfall wet/ rainy season decrease very well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters
How does the Technology cope with it?
tropical storm very well
local thunderstorm very well
local windstorm very well
Climatological disasters
How does the Technology cope with it?
drought very well

Other climate-related consequences

Other climate-related consequences
How does the Technology cope with it?
sea level rise very well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?
Short-term returns:

slightly positive

Long-term returns:

very positive

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?
Short-term returns:

positive

Long-term returns:

very positive

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

  • > 50%
If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

It's an organizational project with 80 - 120 members each organization.

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?
  • 11-50%

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

Yes

If yes, indicate to which changing conditions it was adapted:
  • climatic change/ extremes
Specify adaptation of the Technology (design, material/ species, etc.):

Instead of using bamboo poles, one organization decided to cement the poles because it is very difficult to find bamboo in the mainland. Also, bamboo will only last for 2-3 years.

Another organization planned to use plastic straps instead of spiny bamboo so that it will be easier and convenient for them to harvest. Another reason is the availability of brown lip spawn that will stream either at the bottom of the sea, in the middle or along the sea water level. The PO strategize to use plastic straps because they will just hang it above the artificial reef to have better harvest on brown lip.

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
According to the management team, the advantage is having alternative site for fishing even if there is gale warning.
It will minimize expenses because of lesser fuel consumption.
Having an Artificial Reef (AR) project encouraged the members, including their wives to protect the artificial reef site from illegal fishers especially dynamite fishing and trawling. As a result, the people became aware of the effects of illegal fishing and the destruction it will bring to their marine ecosystem.
The longer the Artificial Reef (AR) stayed undisturbed, the greater the income.
Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Artificial reef enhanced fish spawning, food chain and improved marine ecosystem.
Catalyst of behavioral change among the members of the People's Organization namely BEFA, CFO and NasFiMPA.
The organization work together for the preservation, protection and conservation of the project site.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view How can they be overcome?
Monitoring assignment of the members. Be strict with the Sustainable Enterprise (SE) Management policy.
The harvest cost is very expensive because it needs diving gears and large fishing nets. Collaborate with Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) for harvest paraphernalia.
The organization has no police power to arrest the intruders and illegal fishers that will take advantage. Close coordination with the municipal fish wardens (Bantay Dagat).
The organization will establish security measures to protect their Artificial Reefs (AR) installed.
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view How can they be overcome?
The duty bearers should implement Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 (Republic Act No. 8550). Capacitate the People's Organization to lobby and and implement the law.
The local government unit lacks support mechanism for resource-based technologies promoting environment friendly and disaster resilient enterprise. Partnership among the local government units, people's organization and non-government organizations.
Limited exposure to market, business ideas and linkaging. Conduct Value Chain Analysis (VCA) training, financial coaching, Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS) and on-site mentoring.

7. References and links

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

  • field visits, field surveys

monthly monitoring visits to project sites

  • interviews with land users

2 respondent per area

  • interviews with SLM specialists/ experts

Sustainable Livelihood Officer

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

05/04/2017

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