1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

It is an allignment of stones embankment at the lower/downslope of the trench dug to form earth embankment following a contour.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Description: digging of foundation, stone wall constructionof 60-80 m, digging of trench along the contour Purpose: decrease soil erosion, moisture harvesting, decrease slope length, reduce runoff velocity and increase productivity per unit area Establishment/Maintenance: planting of fodder trees and integrate with biological measures Environment: enhance to grow natural grasses and vegetation, minimize desertification, recharge ground water and improve local climate

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Ethiopia

Region/ State/ Province:

Tigray

Further specification of location:

Adet Naedir

Comments:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 32 km2.

This data is based on the Adet Naedir office of Agriculture and Natural Resources

Map

×

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• more than 50 years ago (traditional)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

Developed in the region

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Cropland

• Annual cropping
• Tree and shrub cropping

Annual cropping - Specify crops:

• cereals - maize
• cereals - sorghum
• legumes and pulses - beans

• teff, Lentile, flux, niger seed

• leucanea, sesbanea

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 1

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 120Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Oct

Grazing land

Forest/ woodlands

Products and services:

• Timber
• Fuelwood
• Grazing/ browsing
• Nature conservation/ protection

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Decline of soil fertility and productivity, soil erosion, deforestation, overgrazing

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Decrease in production, low moisture content of the soil, drought and deforestation

Plantation forestry: deforestation

Problems / comments regarding forest use: Basically the forest land is open wood/shrub cover and used for grazing/browsing at the same time
Ge: Extensive grazing land

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• cross-slope measure

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

agronomic measures

• A2: Organic matter/ soil fertility
• A3: Soil surface treatment
• A6: Residue management
• A7: Others

vegetative measures

structural measures

Comments:

Main measures: structural measures

Secondary measures: agronomic measures, vegetative measures

Type of agronomic measures: better crop cover, manure / compost / residues, mineral (inorganic) fertilizers, contour tillage

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -contour

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

soil erosion by water

• Wt: loss of topsoil/ surface erosion
• Wg: gully erosion/ gullying

chemical soil deterioration

• Ca: acidification

Comments:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Ca: acidification

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• reduce land degradation
• restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land

Comments:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

Birr

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

8.0

4.3 Establishment activities

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

Comments:

Duration of establishment phase: 48 month(s)

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

Comments:

Machinery/ tools: crawbar, hammer, shovel, digging hoe

length of the structure and tree seedlings per hectar

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

labour, slope

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Comments and further specifications on topography:

Landforms: Hill slopes coer a larger area of the woreda but there are also footslopes and plateaus/plains
Slopes on average: Also Rolling and moderate

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil depth on average: Also very shallow and moderately deep
Soil texture: Also coarse/light and fine/heavy
Soil fertility is low. Also very low and medium
Topsoil organic matter: Low (this data is based of physical observation on crop performance)
Soil drainage/infiltration is medium. Also good and poor
Soil water storage capacity is low. Also medium, very low.

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%; 3%
10% of the land users are rich and own 15% of the land.
40% of the land users are average wealthy and own 45% of the land.
30% of the land users are poor and own 25% of the land.
20% of the land users are poor and own 15% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: daily labourer in town, food for work
Level of mechanization: Manual labour and animal traction (oxen plow)

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• state

Land use rights:

• open access (unorganized)
• individual

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Soil

Other ecological impacts

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

Comments:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

109035 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: some individual farmers are applying the technology on their farm land by their own.

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them