1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Projet de Gestion Participative et Intégrée des Bassins Versants pour la Lutte contre l’Erosion (FAO/GPC/MOR/050/SWI)

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Royaume du Maroc, Haut Commissariat aux Eaux et Forêts et à la Lutte Contre la Désertification (Royaume du Maroc) - Morocco

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Les banquettes, combinées avec des plantations à base d'espèces forestières et fruitières, ont pour objectif de lutter contre l'érosion hydrique qui menace les habitations et les infrastructures de base en aval de la parcelle.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

La récurrence de périodes de sécheresse et de violentes averses estivales provoque l’accélération de l’érosion hydrique sous toutes ses formes et des inondations qui compromettent sérieusement tout développement normal de la zone. Pour lutter contre l’érosion hydrique, un exploitant du Douar de Flilou a pris l'initiative de mettre en place une parcelle de plantations anti érosives en s’inspirant d’un projet pilote mis en place par la FAO à proximité.
Des banquettes traditionnelles ont été établies grâce à la construction de talus en pierre qui suivent les courbes de niveau.
Le but de ces structures est de fractionner les pentes et de diminuer l’importance duruissellement pour contrôler l’érosion, augmenter l’infiltration et la quantité d’eau stockée dans le sol et accumuler les sédiments érodés.
Des cultures diversifiées sont installées sur ces banquettes. La plantation des légumineuses aide aussi à améliorer la fertilité du sol. Des structures de collecte des eaux ont été développées pour améliorer encore les rendements des plantations d’arbres fruitiers en particulier. Un des inconvénients de cette technologie est qu’elle nécessite un entretien très fréquent.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

2011

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through land users' innovation

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production
• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
• conserve ecosystem
• reduce risk of disasters
• adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
• create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Principaux produits/ services: Olivier, figue, pommier, chênes vert ,pin d’Alep, gave, roseau, légumes, peuplier...

3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

• Yes (Please fill out the questions below with regard to the land use before implementation of the Technology)

Comments:

Au passé la parcelle a été un terrain de parcours accidenté et maintenant la parcelle est devenu agro-forestière.

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• mixed rainfed-irrigated

Comments:

Valorisation des eaux pluviale pour assurer l 'irrigation des plantations (eaux des seguia).
Et également, il assure l'irrigation par un tuyau bronché de sa maison vers la parcelle.

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• agroforestry
• cross-slope measure
• ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• reduce land degradation
• restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

• per Technology area

other/ national currency (specify):

Dirhams

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

10.0

4.3 Establishment activities

	Activity	Timing (season)
1.	Installation des banquètes	Novembre
2.	Plantation des oliviers	Mars
3.	Plantation des figuiers	Mars
4.	Plantation des roseaux	Mars
5.	Plantation des pommiers	Mars
6.	Plantation de chêne vert	Avril
7.	Plantation du pin d’Alep	Avril
8.	Plantation des cyprès	Avril

Comments:

Plantation des plantes de raisin , noyer, faux poivrier , raquette de figue de barbarie...
Ainsi des cultures des maraichage notamment persil ,oignions, fèves, tomates..etc

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Main d’ouvre de construction des banquettes	Jours	60.0	80.0	4800.0	100.0
Plant material	plantation des oliviers	plants	70.0	7.5	525.0	100.0
Plant material	plantation des pommiers	plants	14.0	8.0	112.0	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	Engrais 18/46	kg	50.0	4.2	210.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					5647.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD					564.7

Comments:

Toutes les activités ont été à la charge de l’exploitant de terre. Les couts ont été calculés seulment pour 200 m2 et non pas par hectare.

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Timing/ frequency
1.	Cultures maraîchères
2.	Fertilsation du sol	deux fois par année
3.	Entretien des banquettes	après l'hiver
4.	Irrigation	deux fois par mois

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	main d'oeuvre	jours	5.0	80.0	400.0	100.0
Equipment	Tuyau d’irrigation	M	38.0	7.0	266.0	100.0
Equipment	Achat d’engrais	Kg	50.0	4.2	210.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					876.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD					87.6

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

La disponibilité de main d'oeuvre.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

• not relevant

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Il s’agit des calcaires, des calcaires dolomitiques et des marnes du jurassique. Cette série repose en discordance sur les terrains sous-jacents.

5.4 Water availability and quality

Is water salinity a problem?

No

Is flooding of the area occurring?

Yes

Regularity:

episodically

5.5 Biodiversity

Comments and further specifications on biodiversity:

La régénération d'autres espèces dégradés notamment le thym et l'armoise.

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

C'est un agriculteur vieux.

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, not titled

Land use rights:

• individual

Water use rights:

• open access (unorganized)
• communal (organized)

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Water availability and quality

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Climate and disaster risk reduction

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

Specify assessment of off-site impacts (measurements):

Généralement se sont des impacts positives.

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	increase or decrease	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	well
seasonal temperature	summer	increase	moderately

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm	moderately
local hailstorm	moderately
local snowstorm	moderately
local sandstorm/ duststorm	moderately
local windstorm	moderately
tornado	moderately

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
heatwave	moderately
cold wave	moderately
extreme winter conditions	moderately
drought	moderately

Hydrological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
landslide	well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• 1-10%

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

Son voisin à été inspiré la technologie de M.Moha et il a fait la meme chose que lui.

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 91-100%

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

Yes

If yes, indicate to which changing conditions it was adapted:

• changing markets

Specify adaptation of the Technology (design, material/ species, etc.):

Diversification des espèces avec des arbres fruitiers et forestiers.

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Avantage de point de vue esthétique.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
La lutte contre l'érosion hydrique.
La lutte contre la dégradation off-site (protection des habitations en aval).

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Les arbres sont plantés trop densément pour une production intéressante.	Une fois les espèces adaptées identifiées, couper les autres.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

FAO/GCP/INT/093/SPA/2011-Monographie du sous-bassin versant d’Oued Outat

Available from where? Costs?

malika chkirni

Title, author, year, ISBN:

rainwater harvezting for drylands and beyond, Brad Lancaster,

Available from where? Costs?

https://www.harvestingrainwater.com/

7.3 Links to relevant online information

Title/ description:

Monographie de la province de Midelt

URL:

https://magazine-geo.blogspot.com/2014/06/monographie-de-la-province-de-midelt.html