1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

{'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 1068, 'label': 'Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'Soil protection and rehabilitation for food security (ProSo(i)l)', 'template': 'raw'} {'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 6110, 'label': 'Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)', 'template': 'raw'} {'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 6110, 'label': 'Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)', 'template': 'raw'}

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

A Rice Field with Poor Drainage (RMME) is a cultivated rice field enclosed by embankments, relying on an irregular water supply, and facing potential water scarcity risks at the onset, during, or towards the conclusion of the cropping cycle. Specific rice varieties are particularly well-suited to this type of rice cultivation.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

A Rice Field with Poor Drainage (RMME) is a cultivated rice field enclosed by embankments, relying on an irregular water supply, and facing potential water scarcity risks at the onset, during, or towards the conclusion of the cropping cycle. Specific rice varieties, characterized by extended and rapidly growing roots, are particularly well-suited to this type of rice cultivation. These roots enable the plants to access deeper water resources, in the absence of rainfall throughout the crop cycle.
RMME may be situated in lowlands or along the banks of floodable rivers, often on levelled plots enclosed by dikes. Water is sourced from springs, river intakes, or through brief flooding. However, careful management of the water level within the rice field is essential.
Transplanting or dry-sowing methods can be employed under RMME. Dry sowing is preferred when the availability of water in the rice field is uncertain, an increasingly common scenario with climate change. The nursery can be placed near the rice field, on a plot with water resources, or in proximity to the village.
The rice varieties selected for RMME cultivation are characterized by long roots and rapid growth, with examples including Sebota 70, 281, and 410 (with a 105-day vegetative cycle). During transplanting, it is crucial to ensure that the age of the seedlings does not exceed 15 to 20 days. This precaution prevents the young rice plants from rooting deeply in the nursery, reducing the risk of root breakage during transplanting, which could otherwise hinder their tillering capacity. Transplanting is carried out in rows.
For fertile or well-fertilized soils, the recommended spacing is 20 cm * 20 cm. This configuration allows for the manual rotary hoe to pass in both directions during weeding. In less fertile soils, the spacing between rows remains 20 cm, but plants within the same row are spaced 10 cm apart. In this scenario, the rotary hoe only needs to pass through one row.
.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

2019

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

GIZ ProSoil Madagascar

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production
• adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
• create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Land use mixed within the same land unit:

No

3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

• No (Continue with question 3.4)

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• mixed rainfed-irrigated

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• rotational systems (crop rotation, fallows, shifting cultivation)
• improved plant varieties/ animal breeds
• surface water management (spring, river, lakes, sea)

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• adapt to land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

• per Technology area

other/ national currency (specify):

ariary

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

4300.0

4.3 Establishment activities

	Activity	Timing (season)
1.	Cleaning of the plot	November-December
2.	Soil cultivation (plow and harrow)	November-December
3.	Nursery preparation for rice seedlings and sowing	December-January
4.	Transplanting	December-January

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Cleaning of the plot	man-days	20.0	10000.0	200000.0	100.0
Labour	Nursery preparation for rice seedlings and sowing	man-days	8.0	5000.0	40000.0	100.0
Labour	Transplanting	man-days	20.0	5000.0	100000.0	100.0
Equipment	Soil cultivation (plow and harrow)	animal traction	16.0	20000.0	320000.0	100.0
Equipment	Hoe	Number	6.0	10000.0	60000.0	100.0
Equipment	Plough	Number	1.0	250000.0	250000.0	100.0
Equipment	Fork	Number	2.0	15000.0	30000.0	100.0
Equipment	Watering can	Number	4.0	30000.0	120000.0
Plant material	Rice seeds (Sebota 70, 281)	kg	40.0	3000.0	120000.0
Fertilizers and biocides	Fertilizer	kg	40.0	3000.0	120000.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					1360000.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD					316.28

If land user bore less than 100% of costs, indicate who covered the remaining costs:

GIZ ProSoil Madagascar

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Timing/ frequency
1.	Weeding	Twice, 1 month after planting
2.	Treatment with biocides	Three times, 1 month after planting

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Weeding	Man-days	36.0	5000.0	180000.0	100.0
Labour	Treatment with biocides	Man-days	5.0	5000.0	25000.0	100.0
Equipment	Sprayer	Number	2.0	80000.0	160000.0	100.0
Equipment	Weeder	Number	3.0	20000.0	60000.0	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	Biocides	litre	6.0	32000.0	192000.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					617000.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD					143.49

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Tillage equipment and planting tools

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

• not relevant

5.3 Soils

5.4 Water availability and quality

Is water salinity a problem?

No

Is flooding of the area occurring?

Yes

Regularity:

episodically

Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:

Flooding during the rainy season only

5.5 Biodiversity

Comments and further specifications on biodiversity:

This region boasts a diverse array of plant and animal species, with some being native. However, this biodiversity is relatively moderate when compared to other parts of the island. In terms of habitats, approximately 20% of the region comprises suitable environments for supporting this biodiversity, including forests, water bodies, mangroves, and more, although this percentage remains relatively low.

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, not titled
• individual, titled

Land use rights:

• individual

Water use rights:

• open access (unorganized)

Are land use rights based on a traditional legal system?

Yes

Specify:

The person looking after the land owns it.

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Specify assessment of on-site impacts (measurements):

These are estimates provided by the farmers interviewed.

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

Specify assessment of off-site impacts (measurements):

no impact

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• single cases/ experimental

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

No

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Increased rice production (self-sufficiency).
Increased source of income due to a surplus in rice production.
Reduced use of seeds due to a limited number of seeds planted.
Possible reproduction of rice seeds suitable for rice fields with poor drainage.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Farmers can adapt to the effects of climate change, especially as far as food is concerned, since the rice varieties used can survive adverse conditions (excess water followed by drought).
Reduced risk of water shortage at the end of the cycle (shorter rainy season, drought periods, etc.).

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Rice varieties that are suitable for rice fields with poor drainage are fast-growing and need to be transplanted without delay.	Transplanting should be carried out at the right time to ensure that the plants to be transplanted have not reached too advanced a stage of growth.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Région Boeny, 2016, "Schéma Régional d’Aménagement du Territoire de la Région Boeny"

Available from where? Costs?

Boeny Region Hotel

Title, author, year, ISBN:

GIZ ProSol Madagascar, 2022, "Livret des Paysans Relais"

Available from where? Costs?

GIZ ProSol Madagascar

Title, author, year, ISBN:

GIZ ProSol Madagascar, 2022, Poster "Riziculture à Mauvaise Maîtrise d’Eau"

Available from where? Costs?

GIZ ProSol Madagascar

Title, author, year, ISBN:

A. L. RANDRIANAIVOMANANA, E. Penot, J. C. Rakotondravelo, 2010, "Innovation et diffusion encadrée des techniques de riziculture améliorée anti risques en zone RMME au lac Alaotra"

Available from where? Costs?

https://agritrop.cirad.fr/558956/1/document_558956.pdf

Title, author, year, ISBN:

V. P. Rasoamanana , 2010, "Etude sur la diffusion latérale des systèmes techniques améliorés en zones RMME au lac Alaotra"

Available from where? Costs?

https://agritrop.cirad.fr/570654/1/document_570654.pdf

7.3 Links to relevant online information

Title/ description:

OPERATION RIZIERES A MAUVAISE MAITRISE D’EAU LAC ALAOTRA 2004 – 2005

URL:

http://madadoc.irenala.edu.mg/documents/v02488_RIZ.pdf

Title/ description:

GSDM, "Culture de riz sur RMME Rizières à Mauvaise Maîtrise de l’Eau"

URL:

https://gsdm-mg.org/wp-content/files/Fiche_technique__Voly_vary_saro-drano_RMME_GSDM__TFNAC.pdf