1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Water & Soil Conservation Office of Zhaoan County (Water & Soil Conservation Office of Zhaoan County) - China

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

07/12/2000

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.5 Reference to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Approaches

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Interplanting plum, peach in the Longan orchard to conserve soil and water and improve soil fertility.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

The technology is to interplant fruit trees in orchard so as to prevent water loss and soil erosion. To implement the project, local government gave financial support and SWC specialists gave technologically guide to local land users. The slope land in the hilly and mountain areas were constructed into terraces and plant trees in order to improve surface vegetation cover rate and reduce water and soil loss; the harvesting surplus rainfall in the raining season and irrigate the fruit trees in dry seasons.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• more than 50 years ago (traditional)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

The technology originated from Institute of Water & Soil Conservation in Taiwan and improved by the national SWC specialists.

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The ground surface of the SWC application area did not plant grass and green manure. The soil in the mountaintop area is lean, where broadleaf forest could be planted.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Because the soil layer is thin and poor, the local farmers wouldn't like to invest in the area where water loss and soil erosion is serious.

Problems / comments regarding forest use: Commonly, supplementary planting of trees in the following Spring.

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 2

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 240Longest growing period from month to month: Mar - OctSecond longest growing period in days: 120Second longest growing period from month to month: Nov - Feb

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• cross-slope measure

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

• 10-100 km2

Comments:

After the land users' arduously cultivating over many years, the former waste mountains have become a picture of vital force, the various growing fruit trees are very vital, water loss & soil erosion is controlled, and cultivated land can be used in a sustainable way.

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

Comments:

Type of agronomic measures: mixed cropping / intercropping, contour ridging

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Main causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (Causing land surface bare, ruderal cluster.), poverty / wealth (Lack of captial: hindering ulterior expanding of the water and soil conservation)

Secondary causes of degradation: Land subdivision (seperated land area can not be entirely developed)

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• reduce land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Technical drawing of interplanting in orchard.

Location: Zhaoan county. Fujian

Date: 1997

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard

Secondary technical functions: reduction of slope angle, improvement of ground cover, wind-break

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: Plum trees
Quantity/ density: 238
Remarks: increasing ground cover

Contour ridging
Remarks: reasonable layout

Trees/ shrubs species: jequirity tree

Perennial crops species: Plum, peach lichi trees

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 30.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 15.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 60.00%

Construction material (earth): cheaper, local materials, good effect

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 28.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 13.00%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 26.00%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:2.00

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Change of land use practices / intensity level: Forbidding disafforest in mountain areas for 3 years.

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify currency used for cost calculations:

• US Dollars

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

8.3

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	plant trees	Vegetative	spring
2.	Level off land	Vegetative	winter
3.	weed	Vegetative	winter
4.	digging ditch	Vegetative	spring
5.	Level off land	Structural	Autumn
6.	costruct bank of field	Structural	winter
7.	Closure and forbidding disafforest	Management	3 years

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

Comments:

Duration of establishment phase: 24 month(s)

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	digging ditch(interplant)	Agronomic	winter / Annually
2.	irrigate	Agronomic	spring / Each cropping season
3.	fertilization	Vegetative	Mar.Jun.Sep. /Annual
4.	spew pesticide	Vegetative	Apl.Jul. /Annual
5.	reinforce banks of level terrace	Structural	autumn/Annual
6.	complementing seedling	Management	spring / 1
7.	Fertilizing	Management	Mar. Jun. / 2

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

Comments:

Slope angle degree, and earth volume being moved.

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Main factor influencing the SWC cost is steeper slope. Since the slope steeper is, much more cost needed to level off terrace. In some places, the earth needs to be moved from one place to another which will spend a lot of labor forces.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

• not relevant

Comments and further specifications on topography:

slopes on average also moderate

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil depth als moderatly deep

Soil fertility very low - medium

Soil drainage / infiltration medium - good

Soil water storage capacity medium - high

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%

12% of the land users are very rich and own 12% of the land.
44% of the land users are rich and own 44% of the land.
35% of the land users are average wealthy and own 35% of the land.
9% of the land users are poor and own 9% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: Mainly in transport of goods and travelers, such as transport service. It needs much more idle labor forces.

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• state
• individual, not titled

Land use rights:

• leased

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• more than 50%

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

1253 households

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 50-90%

Comments:

80% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

690 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

20% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

563 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: The farmers have known that the SWC technology could produce benefits of improving agricultural production.