1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

Comments:

The farmer is able to apply the technology himself/ herself

1.5 Reference to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Approaches (documented using WOCAT)

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Organic farming on moderate hillside slopes protects the land, soil and water to produce sustainable and safe and natural farm products without the use of chemicals.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Farming on sandy and gravelly sloping hillsides without soil and water conservation (SWC) measures causes erosion and thus reduces soil fertility. Any area grown to monocrops, such as maize, for a long time using high rates of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, will leave toxic residues in the products, becoming harmful to farmers’ and consumers’ health. Organic farming with the SWC measures is a solution. There are key elements to organic farming technology on sloping area. Soil fertility can be improved by growing leguminous green manures as well as applying compost. A farm should be divided by slope gradient for proper management in each zone. There should be ponds dug for water supply. An organic farm needs a buffer zone to help to control diseases and insects. Finally, weed control should be done by a mechanical method, leaving residues for mulching.

Organic farming in these areas restores soil fertility, balances the ecology and increases biodiversity, as well as reducing costs and generating more income. There are health benefits too. Procedures are as follows:
1. Increasing soil fertility: Grow green manure crops (jack bean and sunn hemp) alternately 6 times a year for 2 years. Incorporate the compost made from farm residues and the bio-fermented solution in the soil.
2. Zone management: The farming area should be divided by the slope zones for SWC measures and crop management. Grow vetiver grass on slopes to slow the flow of water, to trap sediment and to control insect pests. The farm should be divided into two parts. For moderately sloping hillsides area one should grow bamboo, fruit trees, and/or home-use forest, and for flatter areas one may grow bananas, papaya, vegetables, guava, herbs, fruits tree, etc.
3. On-farm water resources: Make an on-farm water resource by digging ponds and/or drilling groundwater for farming and home use. If a sprinkler system is installed; bio-fermented soil amendment solution is applied through the process of fertigation (nutrients in irrigation water).
4. The Buffer Zone is built by planting bamboo and trees to trap chemicals that might be blown through that space. The Buffer Zone width is 3-5 meters.
5. Pest control is carried out by using bio-fermented solution LDD 7.
6. Weed control is done by mechanical means, resulting in material to use for mulching and to increase organic matter.
7. Do farm accounting to know the cost of investment and of farm management.

To farmers there are some benefits from organic farming: soil becomes more fertile, cost of production is reduced, farm products are safe and meet the market’s demand, and the producers’ and consumers’ health is better. There is good cooperation among farmers, government and private agencies involved in the project. The use of the technology gives an opportunity to farmers to achieve the standard for certification. Organic farm products are under the government’s driven policy and there is good cooperation among public and private agencies which eventually increases farmers’ competitiveness.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.4 Videos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

2004

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

DOAE

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production
• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

-

3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

Comments:

-

3.4 Water supply

other (e.g. post-flooding):

• underground water well

Comments:

-

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• windbreak/ shelterbelt
• integrated crop-livestock management
• integrated soil fertility management

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

Comments:

-

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

-

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation
• reduce land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

• per Technology area

other/ national currency (specify):

(THB)

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

32.0

4.3 Establishment activities

	Activity	Timing (season)
1.	amelioration	before planting
2.	water system	dry season
3.	weed control	growing period
4.	Pest control	growing period
5.	Buffer zone	rainy season
6.	vetiver grass growing	rainy season
7.	farm accounting	all year round

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	sunn hemp growing	time	2.0	900.0	1800.0	100.0
Labour	ploughing	time	2.0	900.0	1800.0	100.0
Labour	bio fermented solution spray	time	2.0	900.0	1800.0	100.0
Labour	applied compost	time	1.0	1800.0	1800.0	100.0
Equipment	applied Dolomite	time	1.0	1600.0	1600.0	100.0
Equipment	applied compost	time	1.0	9000.0	9000.0	100.0
Equipment	weed control	time	8.0	9600.0	76800.0	100.0
Equipment	pest control	time	24.0	600.0	14400.0	100.0
Equipment	shade net as buffer zone	pc	2.0	600.0	1200.0	100.0
Equipment	tree growing as buffer zone	time	2.0	600.0	1200.0	100.0
Equipment	maintenance/cutting vetiver grass leaf	time	8.0	900.0	7200.0	100.0
Equipment	accessories of underground water well	pc	3.0	30000.0	90000.0	100.0
Plant material	shade net	pc	2.0	1700.0	3400.0	100.0
Plant material	sunn hemp seed	kg	63.0	33.0	2079.0	100.0
Plant material	tree seedling for buffer zone	plant	100.0	10.0	1000.0	100.0
Plant material	vetiver grass seedling	plant	150000.0	0.73	109500.0	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	land preparation
Fertilizers and biocides	bio fermented solution	litre	50.0	20.0	1000.0	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	Dolomite	kg	4200.0	4.0	16800.0	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	compost	kg	5500.0	4.0	22000.0	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	pesticide	litre	50.0	30.0	1500.0	100.0
Other	land preparation
Other	land preparation	rai	21.0	500.0	10500.0	100.0
Other	under ground water well	well	3.0	70000.0	210000.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					586379.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD					18324.34

If land user bore less than 100% of costs, indicate who covered the remaining costs:

-

Comments:

-

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Timing/ frequency
1.	irrigation system	2 times a year before and after rainy season
2.	weed control	12 times a year during cropping season
3.	pest control	12 times a year during cropping season
4.	buffer zone	2 times a year before and after cropping season
5.	vetiver grass	12 times a year during cropping season

Comments:

-

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	weed control	time	8.0	1200.0	9600.0	100.0
Labour	pest control	time	24.0	600.0	14400.0	100.0
Labour	buffer zone maintenance	time	6.0	300.0	1800.0	100.0
Labour	cutting vetiver grass row	time	8.0	900.0	7200.0	100.0
Other	electricity for irrigation	month	12.0	500.0	6000.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					39000.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD					1218.75

If land user bore less than 100% of costs, indicate who covered the remaining costs:

-

Comments:

-

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Utility bills, electricity, drilling an artesian well and system, labour and transportation cost

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

• concave situations

Comments and further specifications on topography:

The majority of land is plateau plain close to SriNaklarin Dam Topography is lime stone mountain and sediment stone Highest point 1,100 meters above sea level, average high is 400 meters

5.3 Soils

5.4 Water availability and quality

Is water salinity a problem?

No

Is flooding of the area occurring?

No

Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:

-

5.5 Biodiversity

Comments and further specifications on biodiversity:

-

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

-

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, titled

Land use rights:

• individual

Water use rights:

• individual

Specify:

-

Comments:

-

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

Comments:

-

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Water availability and quality

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Climate and disaster risk reduction

Specify assessment of on-site impacts (measurements):

-

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

Specify assessment of off-site impacts (measurements):

-

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	increase or decrease	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		decrease	moderately
seasonal temperature		decrease	moderately
annual rainfall			moderately
seasonal rainfall			moderately

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm	moderately

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
drought	well
forest fire	moderately

Biological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
epidemic diseases	not well

Other climate-related consequences

Other climate-related consequences

	How does the Technology cope with it?
extended growing period	not well
reduced growing period	well

Comments:

-

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

Comments:

-

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• 1-10%

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

10 ครัวเรือน

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 0-10%

Comments:

-

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

Yes

other (specify):

adjust the expenditure ,must more saving approach and keeping more details

Specify adaptation of the Technology (design, material/ species, etc.):

Reduce the use of energy by using solar cell for water pump.

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
More fertility in the agricultural production area
Cost reduction
Safe food production
Higher price of products
Farmers/consumers have better health
Good transportation and easy access to the market
More opportunity to learn and to get more knowledge
Better cooperation among supporting agencies from both public and private sectors
The standard of product certification gives confidence to markets and create good demand for the products from them.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
The public policy supports the organic agriculture.
Cooperation among farmers and the public sectors makes more chance and competitiveness of production.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
Organic agriculture takes longer time than normal	find out the technology to be the solution
Need more Buffer Zone to protect the effect from outside fields	need any regulation to support and protect the organic production area/zone
Organic product certification takes time and many steps related agencies	) related agencies should try to reduce the time and improve the process of certification
More labour and time to provide raw material in making organic fertilizers	explore other alternatives, e.g. local materials and sources, to reduce the cost of production
Misunderstanding/confused on organic products by consumers	to do more public relations and/or campaign
High cost of production and no difference in the prices of organic and general products	related organizations should do more public relations to increase the understanding of the public

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Lack of systematic land use planning farmer	give more information and knowledge
Misunderstanding /lack of knowledge on soil improvement of organic farmers	more training
Lack of organic supply chain and marketing of organic farmers	more information and make it easy to access
Pricing and price volatility of organic products are a major problem of organic farming	public and related agencies should help in supervising/or making a control system

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

-

Available from where? Costs?

-

7.3 Links to relevant online information

Title/ description:

-

7.4 General comments

-