Technologies

Gemüse- und Ackerbau im auf organischen Böden [Switzerland]

Creation: 12/08/2020 10:24 a.m.
Update: 02/12/2021 4:27 p.m.
Compiler: Julian Meier
Editor: Aline Wicki
Reviewers: Hanspeter Liniger, Rima Mekdaschi Studer

Gemüse- und Ackerbau

technologies_5844 - Switzerland

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Completeness: 80%

1. General information

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Der Landwirt praktiziert Gemüse- und Ackerbau auf organischen Böden im "Grossen Moos", dem ehemalig grössten Flachmoor der Schweiz. Dabei kultiviert er Gemüse wie Karotten und Zwiebeln, aber auch Ackerkutluren wie Mais, Kartoffeln und Winterweizen.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Der Landwirt R.S. bewirtschaftet im «Wideteile» in Gals Burgerland im Pachtvertrag auf organischen Böden im "Grossen Moos", dem ehemalig grössten Flachmoor der Schweiz. Die Familie hat keine Tiere. Auf der untersuchten Fläche wurden in den Jahren 2014-2020 Zwiebeln, Karotten, Mais, Winterweizen und Kartoffeln angebaut, beim Weizen UFA Lepha als Zwischengrün gesät. Der Boden ist geprägt durch den hohen Anteil an organischem Material, grösstenteils liegt der Anteil sogar über 30%, was ihn als Torf klassifizieren lässt. Im Perimeter Gals ist jedoch an einigen Stellen bereits die Seekreide an der Oberfläche. Die untersuchte Parzelle hingegen befindet sich in jenem Bereich des Perimeters, wo noch rund 75-105 Zentimeter Torf liegen. Der Torf eignet sich nach Aussagen des Landwirten gut für den Gemüsebau. Die Einheit ist weniger stark vernässt als andere Zonen im selben Perimeter und wirft gute Erträge ab. Der Betrieb ist gut mechanisiert. Der intensive Acker- und Gemüsebau hat zur Folge, dass bei jeder Kultur mehrere Überfahrten gemacht werden müssen. Die Flächen werden seit der ersten Juragwässerkorrektion (1868 bis 1891), welche das Gebiet grossflächig entwässert, bewirtschaftet. Zur Entwässerung sind Drainagen errichtet worden, welche die Nutzung dieser Flächen erst möglich machen.
Es handelt sich in diesem Beschrieb um jene Parzelle, welche auf dem Foto nicht vegetationsbedeckt ist

2.3 Photos of the Technology

Media Gallery

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Switzerland

Region/ State/ Province:

Bern

Further specification of location:

Gals BE

Specify the spread of the Technology:

evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, specify area covered (in km2):

0.0208

If precise area is not known, indicate approximate area covered:

< 0.1 km2 (10 ha)

Is/are the technology site(s) located in a permanently protected area?

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

more than 50 years ago (traditional)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

through land users' innovation
as part of a traditional system (> 50 years)

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

improve production
create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Land use mixed within the same land unit:

Cropland

Annual cropping

Annual cropping - Specify crops:

cereals - maize
cereals - wheat (winter)
root/tuber crops - potatoes
vegetables - root vegetables (carrots, onions, beet, other)

Number of growing seasons per year:

Is intercropping practiced?

Is crop rotation practiced?

Yes

3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

No (Continue with question 3.4)

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

mixed rainfed-irrigated

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

rotational systems (crop rotation, fallows, shifting cultivation)
irrigation management (incl. water supply, drainage)
water diversion and drainage

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

agronomic measures

A1: Vegetation/ soil cover
A2: Organic matter/ soil fertility
A3: Soil surface treatment
A6: Residue management

A3: Differentiate tillage systems:

A 3.3: Full tillage (< 30% soil cover)

A6: Specify residue management:

A 6.3: collected

structural measures

S3: Graded ditches, channels, waterways
S7: Water harvesting/ supply/ irrigation equipment

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

soil erosion by wind

Et: loss of topsoil

chemical soil deterioration

Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content (not caused by erosion)

physical soil deterioration

Pc: compaction
Ps: subsidence of organic soils, settling of soil

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall

< 250 mm
251-500 mm
501-750 mm
751-1,000 mm
1,001-1,500 mm
1,501-2,000 mm
2,001-3,000 mm
3,001-4,000 mm
> 4,000 mm

Specify average annual rainfall (if known), in mm:

965.00

Specifications/ comments on rainfall:

Keine Saisonalität, 12 bis 18 Regentagen pro Monat

Indicate the name of the reference meteorological station considered:

Witzwil Meteo Schweiz, Messwert 2019

Agro-climatic zone

sub-humid

Druchschnittlich 7.4 Grad Celsius; min. 2 Grad Celsius im Januar; max. 23 Grad Celsius im Juli

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:

flat (0-2%)
gentle (3-5%)
moderate (6-10%)
rolling (11-15%)
hilly (16-30%)
steep (31-60%)
very steep (>60%)

Landforms:

plateau/plains
ridges
mountain slopes
hill slopes
footslopes
valley floors

Altitudinal zone:

0-100 m a.s.l.
101-500 m a.s.l.
501-1,000 m a.s.l.
1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
> 4,000 m a.s.l.

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

not relevant

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:

very shallow (0-20 cm)
shallow (21-50 cm)
moderately deep (51-80 cm)
deep (81-120 cm)
very deep (> 120 cm)

Soil texture (topsoil):

medium (loamy, silty)

Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface):

medium (loamy, silty)

Topsoil organic matter:

high (>3%)

5.4 Water availability and quality

Ground water table:

< 5 m

Availability of surface water:

good

Water quality (untreated):

poor drinking water (treatment required)

Water quality refers to:

surface water

Is water salinity a problem?

Is flooding of the area occurring?

5.5 Biodiversity

Species diversity:

Habitat diversity:

medium

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Sedentary or nomadic:

Sedentary

Market orientation of production system:

commercial/ market

Relative level of wealth:

average

Individuals or groups:

individual/ household

Level of mechanization:

mechanized/ motorized

Gender:

Age of land users:

middle-aged

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

< 0.5 ha
0.5-1 ha
1-2 ha
2-5 ha
5-15 ha
15-50 ha
50-100 ha
100-500 ha
500-1,000 ha
1,000-10,000 ha
> 10,000 ha

Is this considered small-, medium- or large-scale (referring to local context)?

medium-scale

Comments:

Schweizer Durchschnitt 20.5 Hektaren

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

communal/ village
individual, titled

Flurpacht

Land use rights:

leased
individual

Water use rights:

communal (organized)

Are land use rights based on a traditional legal system?

Yes

Specify:

BV Art. 26, Eigentumsrecht

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

health:

poor
moderate
good

education:

poor
moderate
good

technical assistance:

poor
moderate
good

employment (e.g. off-farm):

poor
moderate
good

markets:

poor
moderate
good

energy:

poor
moderate
good

roads and transport:

poor
moderate
good

drinking water and sanitation:

poor
moderate
good

financial services:

poor
moderate
good

6. Impacts and concluding statements

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

crop production

decreased

increased

fodder production

decreased

increased

risk of production failure

increased

decreased

product diversity

decreased

increased

land management

hindered

simplified

Water availability and quality

irrigation water availability

decreased

increased

demand for irrigation water

increased

decreased

Income and costs

expenses on agricultural inputs

increased

decreased

farm income

decreased

increased

workload

increased

decreased

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

excess water drainage

reduced

improved

evaporation

increased

decreased

Soil

soil cover

reduced

improved

soil loss

increased

decreased

soil compaction

increased

reduced

soil organic matter/ below ground C

decreased

increased

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Vegetation cover

decreased

increased

habitat diversity

decreased

increased

pest/ disease control

decreased

increased

Climate and disaster risk reduction

drought impacts

increased

decreased

impacts of cyclones, rain storms

increased

decreased

emission of carbon and greenhouse gases

increased

decreased

wind velocity

increased

decreased

Specify assessment of on-site impacts (measurements):

Wichtig: Da keine neuen Technologien in Rahmen dieses Projektes implementiert wurden, handelt es sich um einen Abgliech mit der durchschnittlichen Nutzung innerhalb eines 77,8 Hektaren grossen Perimeters in Gals BE. Die Einschätzungen erfolgten aufgrund von Beobachtungen im Feld, Bodenproben und Befragungen der Landwirte.

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

water availability

decreased

increased

groundwater/ river pollution

increased

reduced

impact of greenhouse gases

increased

reduced

Specify assessment of off-site impacts (measurements):

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

	Season	increase or decrease	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	moderately
seasonal temperature	winter	increase	well
seasonal temperature	spring	increase	well
seasonal temperature	summer	increase	moderately
seasonal temperature	autumn	increase	well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm	moderately

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
heatwave	moderately
drought	moderately

Other climate-related consequences

	How does the Technology cope with it?
extended growing period	well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

Short-term returns:

negative

Long-term returns:

very positive

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

Short-term returns:

slightly positive

Long-term returns:

slightly positive

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

> 50%

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

11-50%

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Gute Böden für Gemüse- und Ackerbau Produktion, gute Erträge.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Starke Ressourcenbelastung (Torfböden)	Weniger intensive Nutzung

7. References and links

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

field visits, field surveys

Feldbegehung im Sommer 2020
Daten aus dem BOVE-Projekt der HAFL, Sowohl Boden wie auch Nutzung

interviews with land users

Ergänzende Informationen des Landwirten per Telefon im Dezember 2020

compilation from reports and other existing documentation

Recherche

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

11/08/2020

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Wirz Set Handbücher, Agridea, 2020, ISBN: 978-3-7245-2369-7 (Handbuch Betrieb und Familie, Handbuch Pflanzen und Tiere)

Available from where? Costs?

44 CHF, Reinhard dt Verlag

7.3 Links to relevant online information

Title/ description:

Meteo Schweiz

URL:

https://www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch/home.html?tab=alarm

Title/ description:

Swisstopo

URL:

https://map.geo.admin.ch/?topic=ech&bgLayer=ch.swisstopo.pixelkarte-farbe&layers=ch.swisstopo.zeitreihen,ch.bfs.gebaeude_wohnungs_register,ch.bav.haltestellen-oev,ch.swisstopo.swisstlm3d-wanderwege&layers_opacity=1,1,1,0.8&layers_visibility=false,false,false,false&layers_timestamp=18641231,,,&lang=de&E=2570994.08&N=1209840.71&zoom=8.495381254669331

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1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

co-compiler:

land user:

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

2.3 Photos of the Technology

Media Gallery

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Region/ State/ Province:

Further specification of location:

Specify the spread of the Technology:

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, specify area covered (in km2):

If precise area is not known, indicate approximate area covered:

Is/are the technology site(s) located in a permanently protected area?

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Land use mixed within the same land unit:

Cropland

Annual cropping - Specify crops:

Number of growing seasons per year:

Is intercropping practiced?

Is crop rotation practiced?

3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

agronomic measures

A3: Differentiate tillage systems:

A6: Specify residue management:

structural measures

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

soil erosion by wind

chemical soil deterioration

physical soil deterioration

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

Technical specifications (related to technical drawing):

Author:

Date:

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

Indicate size and area unit:

other/ national currency (specify):

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

Indicate average wage cost of hired labour per day:

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall

Specify average annual rainfall (if known), in mm:

Specifications/ comments on rainfall:

Indicate the name of the reference meteorological station considered:

Agro-climatic zone

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:

Landforms:

Altitudinal zone:

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:

Soil texture (topsoil):