1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

CARITAS (Switzerland) - Switzerland

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

This energy-efficient stove was developed in close cooperation with the local blacksmith and pilot households. Its major features are a shorter burning chamber, lower height, air draft controller, enlarged burners and double circled pipes for heating water. The modified stove consumes much less firewood. It is possible to add heat exchangers and water boiling tank/water radiators which will further increase efficiency.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

In Tajikistan, forest cover has been reduced to 3% of the land area: it must not be allowed to decrease further. Forest destruction contributes to natural disasters that affect the environment and agricultural land, as well as damage houses and endanger lives. Examples are:

- floods: such as in 2012 that caused huge losses for rural households and infrastructure;
- landslides caused by soil erosion;
- fertile soil washed away, and water infiltration and holding capacity of the soil reduced;
- fewer reliable water sources and reduced flows with poorer quality;
- microclimatic changes and reduced rainfall becomes less.

To reduce pressure on the existing forest area of the Muminobod district and also to decrease the use of dried cow dung cakes for fuel that are better used as fertilizer, in the framework of the energy efficiency project of Caritas Switzerland a modified metallic stove has been developed that uses much less firewood than the stoves currently in use. This energy-efficient stove was developed in close cooperation with local blacksmiths and active women field promoters in pilot houses. There are multiple advantages including a 30% saving of energy for cooking, simultaneous heating of water and warming the living space. Furthermore, the stoves are cheaper, the work of women is reduced and there is no smoke inside the room. Further advantages can be obtained by using accessories such as a heat exchanger, and a water boiler/water radiator to make the stove multi-functional.
The stoves are 70 cm in length, 32 cm wide, and 20 cm in height with 2 burners of different diameters.
Advice on installation and best use of stoves and accessories include removing ash before lighting; cleaning the chimney; regulating the flame by use of the inlet draft controller; ensuring regular air exchange in the room; installing the heat exchanger at a minimum 40 cm height from the stove and cleaning regularly. To ensure proper circulation of the water in the system water tank should be lifted 15—20 cm from the ground level.

Moreover, other international organisations have provided technical and financial support to farmers to establish agroforestry plots and orchards, to rehabilitate degraded forest areas, and to set up nurseries to produce planting materials to sustain the afforestation process. The fruit orchards have multiple benefits: they yield fruits, produce firewood, anchor topsoils, prevent soil erosion, maintain water balance, protect the environment and absorb greenhouse gasses.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through land users' innovation
• during experiments/ research
• through projects/ external interventions

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
• conserve ecosystem
• reduce risk of disasters
• mitigate climate change and its impacts

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Land use mixed within the same land unit:

Yes

Specify mixed land use (crops/ grazing/ trees):

• Agro-pastoralism (incl. integrated crop-livestock)

3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• mixed rainfed-irrigated

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• natural and semi-natural forest management
• forest plantation management
• ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation
• reduce land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify currency used for cost calculations:

• USD

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

5.62

4.3 Establishment activities

	Activity	Timing (season)
1.	Producing of a sets of modified stove, heat-exchange and water tank	per 1/5 working day

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Production cost of modified stove	set	1.0	18.2	18.2	100.0
Labour	Production cost of heat exchanger	set	1.0	9.1	9.1	100.0
Labour	Production cost of water tank	set	1.0	9.1	9.1	100.0
Construction material	Construction materials for production of stove	set	1.0	221.16	221.16	100.0
Construction material	Construction materials for production of heat-exchanger	set		85.23		100.0
Construction material	Construction materials for production of water tank	set	1.0	40.24	40.24	100.0
Other	Social tax	lumpsum	0.2	3.2	0.64	100.0
Other	Income simplified tax 6%	lumpsum	0.2	112.41	22.48	100.0
Other	Operation and maintenance	lumpsum	0.5	14.0	7.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					327.92
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD					58.35

If land user bore less than 100% of costs, indicate who covered the remaining costs:

all cost bared by user

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Timing/ frequency
1.	Cleaning of the chimney	once per 2 months

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Cleaning of the chimney	times	4.0	1.0	4.0	100.0
Construction material	Procurement of pipes	pcs	2.0	3.0	6.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					10.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD					1.78

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

High inflation rate constantly increasing price for row materials.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

• not relevant

5.3 Soils

5.4 Water availability and quality

Is water salinity a problem?

No

Is flooding of the area occurring?

No

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• state
• communal/ village

Land use rights:

• open access (unorganized)
• leased

Water use rights:

• open access (unorganized)
• communal (organized)

Are land use rights based on a traditional legal system?

Yes

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Income and costs

Ecological impacts

Soil

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

more than 2,000

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 51-90%

Comments:

After the promotion of modified stoves by the project, the workshops and trained blacksmith continued production and dissemination of modified stoves.

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

No

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Cooking, boiling water and room heating can be done simultaneously
The modified stove is cheaper than the traditional stove
The saving of firewood in only 1 winter is enough to buy a modified stove. Stoves can be purchased in different qualities, for example with thicker iron for use of coal
Stove rings allow adjusting burner’s size to different pot sizes
No smoke inside of the room
Has operational stove tools like hook, trowel and hoe
The stove becomes more multi-functional. The heat exchanger allows baking, integrated water boiler provides hot water (approximately 35 L), and the possibility to install water radiators in several rooms for heating.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Saving 30% of energy for cooking only
The duration of cooking decreases by up to 15%
Reduces work of women
Reduces carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere
Draft control of inlet gives opportunity to regulate the flame, save fire material and the oven keeps more heat inside
Through the use of a heat exchanger an additional room can be heated to a comfortable temperature;
Possibility to install water radiators in several rooms

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
A shorter fire chamber increases the workload for cutting firewood to size	To automate the process of preparing firewood

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Behaviour change takes time.	More awareness-raising campaigns need to be arranged.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

The manual on modified stove production for blacksmith, Daler Domullodzhanov, 2016, ISBN: 987-99975-895-0-7

7.3 Links to relevant online information

Title/ description:

Energy efficiency measures to increase the application of organic fertilizers

URL:

http://cdewocat.unibe.ch/wocatQT/qt_summary.php?lang=English&qt_id=354 http://cdewocat.unibe.ch/wocatQT/qt_summary.php?lang=Russian&qt_id=577