Breve descripción de la práctica óptima

Pasture is divided into several plots based on its productivity, and grazing period and grazing systems are fixed according to the carrying capacity of each plot. The demonstration plots were identified at spring and autumn ranges in Hexigten Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. There around plots were rivers, lakes and residential areas, and grasslands degraded seriously because of tramples by livestock when drinking water. Hexigten Banner initiated the project of rotational grazing in order to improve the living and production conditions of herdsmen, prompt reform of local production systems and preserve the ecological environment of grasslands. The main target of the project was to achieve the balance of pasture utilization, rational development of water resources, and eventually realize the balance between grass and livestock all the year through rotational grazing in summer and autumn and crops grown for silage, etc..|

Lugar

Jiri Villiage and Hongqi Villiage of Baiyinchagan Township, Hexigten Banner of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, China.|

Breve descripción del entorno natural en el lugar especificado

Semi-arid continental climate.
Soil is loamy texture and soil erodibility is medium.
Plain/plateaus.

Condiciones socioeconómicas imperantes de los habitantes del lugar o las proximidades

Collective ownership and individual use rights
Farming.
Local income level is low. Per Capita Annual Net Income is CNY 5090 in Rural areas of Hexigten Banner of Inner Mongolia in 2011.

¿En base de qué criterios o indicadores (no relacionados con la Estrategia) se ha considerado la práctica propuesta y la tecnología correspondiente como ‘óptima’?

Grazing land.
It allows rehabilitation of degraded grassland, sustains land use for long term, increases income of local farmers, is suitable to natural conditions and is well accepted by the local participants.|

Principales problemas que trata la práctica óptima

Over grazing is controlled and is in favour of pasture recovery.
|Decrease desertification.|Solve the contradiction between limited rangeland and growing demand of animal husbandry.|Improve awareness of ecological protection in communities.

Explique los problemas específicos de la degradación de las tierras que trata la práctica óptima.

Grassland degradation caused by overgrazing was addressed.

Especifique los objetivos de la práctica óptima.

Restore the normal growth of the pasture.|Solve water shortage for livestock.|Improve grassland productivity.|Achieve sustainable use of resources.

Breve descripción de las principales actividades, por objetivo

1. Dig wells, fit windmills, build water tank and carry water by tractors.
2. Cultivate forage crop at small scale with irrigation and fertilizer application.
3. Establish silage to supply forage all the year.
1. Enclose an area within demonstration plot serving as water storage for livestock under the conditions if there are river of lake available.
2. In the rolling areas, one drinking point should be created for two plots. Dig well near the pasture track. A pitcher with capacity of 16 ton of water should be installed around each windmill.
3. If landform of plot is flat, the pitcher should be built at high terrace in favour of water flow in pipeline to grazing area.|
1. Divide the rangeland into units.
2. Establish and mend enclosures.
3. Forage basis are leveled ground and sowed by project house-holders as spring drew near.
1. Develop high-yielding forage basis.
2. Strengthen control of diseases of livestock and.
3. Implement balance system of the grass and livestock.

Breve descripción y especificaciones técnicas de la tecnología

Technical contents of rotational grazing mainly included: (1) Balance the utilization of grasslands through dividing the rangeland into units; (2) Solve the problem of water shortage by means of windmill, water tank and water transportation by tractors, etc; (3) Cultivate high-yielding forage crop at small scale with irrigation and fertilizer application; (4) Establish silage to supply forage; (5) Strengthen control of diseases of livestock and improve rangeland management.
Five barbed wire fences around rotational grazing units were used and the pillars of enclosures were made up of cements. Plots were divided by zinc coated fences, and added a barbed wire at the top of the fences. Gate of each pilot was welded by steel pipes.

Nombre y dirección de la institución que desarrolla la tecnología

Rangeland Survey and Design Institute, Inner Mongolia Agricultural and Pastoral Academy of Sciences.|No answer provided.

¿La tecnología se desarrolló en una alianza?

No

Especifique el marco en el que se promovió la tecnología

• Iniciativa local
• Iniciativa nacional – gubernamental
• Iniciativa basada en un programa/proyecto

¿La participación de interesados locales, incluidas las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, favoreció el desarrollo de la tecnología?

Sí

enumere los interesados participantes:

Project householders.

Detalle la función de los interesados enumerados anteriormente en cuanto a diseño, introducción, uso y mantenimiento de la tecnología, en su caso.

Project householders were trained in the forms of textbook, information booklets in the use and maintenance of the technology.|

¿La población que habitaba en el lugar o en las proximidades participó en el desarrollo de la tecnología?

No

¿de qué manera?

• Planteamientos basados en la participación

Describa los impactos in situ (los dos principales impactos por categoría).

Production methods of animal husbandry optimized. Saved labor was transferred to second and third industries.
Capacity of technology application of herdsmen was improved and herdmen’s traditional concept changed.
Livestock gained weight.
Pabular forages and grass coverage increased. Grazing intensity were lessened.
Herdsmen’s income increased.
Water and soil conservation were strengthened.

Describa los dos principales impactos fuera del lugar (por ejemplo, que no se registran en el lugar, pero sí en las zonas próximas).

Climate of sandystorm was lightened.

Impacto en la diversidad biológica y el cambio climático

Justifíquelo:

Activities and measures taken in the best practices/technology, which increased grass coverage, lessened grazing intensity, strengthened water and soil conservation in the demonstration plots, so the best practice had a positive impact on biodiversity conservation and climate change.|

¿Se ha elaborado un análisis costo-beneficio?

¿Se ha elaborado un análisis costo-beneficio? :

Sí

¿La tecnología se difundió o introdujo en otros lugares?

¿La tecnología se difundió o introdujo en otros lugares? :

Sí

¿Dónde? :

4.6 million hm2 natural rangeland in Inner Mongolia.

¿Puede identificar las tres principales condiciones para el éxito de la práctica óptima/tecnología presentada?

The technology adapted to local natural and socio-economic development requirements.
The Chinese government has formulated relevant policies to encourage rotational grazing.
Local government had played an important role in application and scaling up of rotational grazing.

Replicabilidad

¿En su opinión, la práctica óptima/la tecnología que ha propuesto se puede reproducir en cualquier otro lugar con un cierto nivel de adaptación?

Sí

¿A qué nivel?

• Local
• Subnacional

En relación con los recursos humanos

The individual capacity of some herdsmen is limited in the use of the technology.

En relación con los aspectos técnicos

Local the ability of the application and scaling up of the technology. As local herdsmen lack knowledge of animal management, and it is not easy to popularize the technology in the grazing areas.|