1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)

GREAD (GREAD) - Níger

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)

Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of Niger (MINEDD) - Níger

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

Sí

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

This participatory approach to protect the last population of white giraffes actively involves local people in conservation activities, while simultaneously strengthening local development and promoting ecotourism.

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

Aims / objectives: The giraffe population in Kouré, Niger is unique because: (1) it includes the last representatives of white giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta) worldwide; (2) it thrives in an unprotected environment without any natural enemy (besides man); (3) it is in direct contact with rural communities and its livestock. The giraffe, reduced to only 49 individuals in 1996, was in danger of extinction due to a variety of reasons, the main one being the progressive deforestation in their habitat: the brousse tigré savannah vegetation. From 1996-2000, a government programme funded by international development agencies (SNV*, FFEM and the EU) has been carried out to sustainably protect the giraffes and their habitat. This program is based on a participatory approach which actively involves local people in conservation activities, while simultaneously strengthening local development and promoting ecotourism. Its revenues are redistributed to all local actors. A main pillar of the approach was the transfer of responsibilities in natural resources management to local organizations. User groups, a guides’ association, a project steering committee, etc. were formed and its members were trained.

Methods: Tourism and wildlife observation infrastructure was established – including a visitor’s centre, lodging, watch towers, etc – and tourism activities were organized: Guides are trained, registered and organized into an association. They receive a fixed salary and accompany tourists in turns. Furthermore they support project technicians and researchers in monitoring giraffes and collaborate with the network of government-employed foresters, which has been set up to control the conservation of the habitat. Tourists pay an entry fee for wildlife watching tours. The revenues and donations are partly used for management and conservation of the giraffe habitat and partly for socio-economic development of the villages (such as infrastructure projects). These revenues are managed directly by the ‘communes’ (municipalities).

Other important information: Thanks to the protection of the savannah vegetation through enclosures for regeneration, prohibition of cutting and closing down of rural wood markets the giraffe population has recovered considerably, comprising 200 individuals in 2008.

2.3 Fotos del Enfoque

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

2.6 Fechas de inicio y conclusión del Enfoque

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

• proyecto/ basado en un programa

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (health, education, infrastructure, trade, micro-credit, river works, forest surveillance)

Durable and sustainable conservation of the giraffe population in the Kouré area and protection of their habitat; Building organizational and management capacity of the local population for protecting the giraffes; Fight against poverty by offering supplementary revenue to population through ecotourism (diversification of income).

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Conflicts between giraffes and local population (damage to crops); Extinction of giraffes; Deforestation (giraffe habitat deterioration); Rural Poverty; Negative perception of fauna by the population; Absence of titled land ownership and of adapted forestry laws

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque

	Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales	Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación	ninguno	Ministries of planning, environment, tourism and artisan, EU, Association of French Volunteers for Progress (AFVP), SNV, beneficiaries.
planificación	interactivo	Kouré Guides Association (AGK), groups of beneficiaries, project advisors and animators
implementación	interactivo	Kouré Guides Association (AGK), groups of beneficiaries, project advisors and animators
monitoreo y evaluación	interactivo	AGK, groups of beneficiaries, project advisors and animators, department of Environmental Protection
Research	ninguno	French Center for Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), University of Niamey, National Agricultural Research Institute of Niger (INRAN), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:

• por políticos/ líderes

Explique:

Initiation by the Ministries of planning, environment, tourism and artisan, EU, Association of French Volunteers for Progress (AFVP), SNV, beneficiaries

4.1 Construcción de capacidades / capacitación

¿Se proporcionó la capacitación a usuarios de tierras/ otras partes interesadas?

Sí

Especifique quién fue capacitado:

• usuarios de tierras
• personal de campo/ consejeros

Si fuese relevante, también especifique género, edad, estatus, etnicidad, etc.

members of community management committee, land users (women and men), professional guides, advisors

Forma de capacitación:

• en el contexto de trabajo
• de agricultor a agricultor
• áreas de demostración
• reuniones públicas
• cursos

Temas avanzados:

Conservation technologies and SLM, ecotourism, professional guide skills, organization of associations, accountancy, agriculture

4.2 Servicio de asesoría

¿Los usuarios de tierras tienen acceso a un servicio de asesoría?

Sí

Especifique si servicio proporcionado se realizó:

• en los campos de los usuarios de tierras

Describa/ comentarios:

Name of method used for advisory service: Dissemination of the approach was by rural animation tools (village planning, rapid PRA, etc.).; The Youth Association for Preservation of Natural Resources (AJPREN), U.S. Peace Corps, AFVP and local departments for Environmental Protection ensured a continuous programme of training, environmental education and awareness raising of guides and local people.

4.5 Investigación

¿La investigación formó parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Especifique los temas:

• sociología
• economía/ marketing
• ecología

Proporcione detalles adicionales e indique quién hizo la investigación:

Research had been conducted on-farm in collaboration with local populations. Research topics treated were socio- economical, ecological, technical, giraffe habitat and genetics and agricultural.

Research was carried out on-farm

5.1 Presupuesto anual para el componente MST del Enfoque

Si no se conoce el presupuesto anual preciso, indique el rango:

• 100,000-1,000,000

Comentarios (ej. fuentes principales de financiamiento/ donantes principales):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (EU, SNV, FFEM): 100.0%

5.2 Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras

¿Los usuarios de tierras recibieron financiamiento/ apoyo material para implementar la Tecnología/ Tecnologías? :

Sí

5.3 Subsidios para insumos específicos (incluyendo mano de obra)

• equipo

• agrícola

• infraestructura

• otro

Si la mano de obra de usuarios de tierras fue un insumo sustancial, ¿fue:

• voluntario?

5.4 Crédito

¿Se proporcionó crédito bajo el Enfoque para actividades MST?

Sí

Especifique las condiciones (tasa de interés el apoyo, amortización, etc.):

repayment conditions: Through village development fund; micro-credit was allocated without interest to women of women groups for agriculture or livestock production. Repayment occurred after six months. After termination of the project, ‘Care International’ continued giving credit however with interest..

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

6.2 Motivación principal del usuario de la tierra para implementar MST

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?

• sí

Si respondió que sí, describa cómo:

After the project was terminated, land users continued this approach without external support based on local development organizations, Association pour la Sauvegarde des Giraffes du Niger (ASGN) and Kouré Guides Association (AGK). Since 2002, the research component is being continued by ECOPAS / EU.

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
Populations organization and mobilization
Scientific research tools for decision making
Economic, financial and ecological impacts

6.5 Debilidades/ desventajas del Enfoque y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Absence of local and national financial contribution	provide regressive grants and promote endogenous funding of activities
Uncontrolled fast growth of giraffe population	transfer of giraffes to other protected habitats in West Africa.
Approach resulted from exterior initiatives	awareness raising and environmental education to develop ‘conservation behaviour’ in Niger

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información

7.2 Referencias a publicaciones disponibles

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Oumarou A. 2006. Elaboration d’une stratégie de conservation à long terme de la girafe au Niger, communication à l’atelier sur les girafes du Niger organisé du 22-24 novembre 2006 à Niamey (Niger) par le Ministère de l’environnement et de la lutte contre la désertification en partenariat avec ECOPAS/Union EuropéenneCompte rendu de l’atelier international sur la cogestion faune sauvage et bétail, organisé par Abdoulaye Sambo Soumaila et Marlis Lindecke, DED Niger et GTZ Eschborn, février 2001

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Compte rendu de l’atelier international sur la cogestion faune sauvage et bétail, organisé par Abdoulaye Sambo Soumaila et Marlis Lindecke, DED Niger et GTZ Eschborn, février 2001