Enfoques

Sustainable livestock and pasture management [Tayikistán]

Creación: 14/05/2018 15:08
Actualización: 17/05/2022 08:48
Compilador: Kamolidin Abdulloev
Editor: –
Revisores: Farrukh Nazarmavloev, William Critchley, Rima Mekdaschi Studer

Pasture Users Unions

approaches_3713 - Tayikistán

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1. Información general

1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Persona(s) de referencia clave/s

Especialista MST:

Kamolidin Abdulloev

Nombre del proyecto que facilitó la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque (si fuera relevante)

Environmental Land Management and Rural Livelihood Project

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)

Committee for Environment Protection of Tajikistan (Committee for Environment Protection of Tajikistan) - Tayikistán

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

02/04/2018

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

Sí

1.4 Referencia/s al/los Cuestionario(s) de Tecnologías MST

Meadows and pastures [Hungría]

Permanent meadows or pastures are more effective in controlling land degradation than arable cropping. They are especially appropriate in hilly regions on sloping land where the risk of water erosion is high.

Compilador: Brigitta Szabó
29/03/2022 16:08

2. Descripción del Enfoque MST

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

Sustainable livestock and pasture management is implemented through creating Pasture Users Unions (PUU) which design and implement pasture and livestock management plans.

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

The Government of Tajikistan is implementing a project, funded by the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF), with the objective of enabling rural people to build up their productive assets in ways that sustainably improve natural resource management, and build resilience to climate change in selected climate-vulnerable sites. Livestock are an integral part of the agriculture sector, although there has been a shift to more extensive livestock grazing from the intensive livestock farming system practiced before independence. Today, more than 90% of livestock are held in household farms, indicating the importance of livestock to rural livelihoods, and the system is based primarily on grazing, supplemented by limited cultivated fodder crops and minimal use of concentrates.
Pastures comprise about 35% of Tajikistan’s total land area and 80% of its agricultural land - however substantial degradation is taking place. Pasture degradation may be exacerbated by climate change, which is likely to increase variability in water availability and temperature, and may result in local droughts and floods. Properly managed pasture helps control water flows in ways which contribute to mitigating floods and droughts, maintaining soil conservation and fertility, and providing habitats for wild plants and animals. The aim of the activity is to introduce sustainable community-managed pasture/fodder-based livestock production systems in villages in the Faizobod district of jamoat Dustmurod Aliev, situated in the mid-hills of Tajikistan. Approximate membership of the Pasture Users Unions (PUU) is between 50 and 200 households per village depending on size, with between 6 and 10 villages per jamoat. Comprehensive pasture and fodder assessments and evaluation of the feed/fodder balances are carried out, followed by the development of Pasture and Livestock Management Plans (PLMP) for various interventions including; improvement of pasture productivity through rotational grazing, protecting areas for regeneration, pasture rehabilitation, improving access to remote pastures, and supplementary fodder production; animal health requirements and breed improvement measures; infrastructure to access and use remote pastures, such as spot road improvements, and stock watering points. By virtue of the fact that users will welcome this approach in their jamoats, they will be able to manage the broad issues of pasture degradation, animal health and fodder production. Above all it will help farmers to control the balance between livestock and fodder.

2.3 Fotos del Enfoque

Galería de medios

Comentarios generales sobre las fotos:

Photos shows how the Pasture User Union maintains infrastructure in the pastures, giving them the opportunity to collect enough fodder for the winter time and keeping access open to the most distant pasture lands

2.4 Videos del Enfoque

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

País:

Tayikistán

Región/ Estado/ Provincia:

Faizobod district

Especifique más el lugar :

Jamoat Dustmurod Aliev

2.6 Fechas de inicio y conclusión del Enfoque

Indique año del inicio:

2017

Si no se conoce el año preciso, indique la fecha aproximada en la que se inició el Enfoque:

hace menos de 10 años (recientemente)

Comentarios:

The project created 8 PUUs (4 in 2015 and 4 in 2016), and facilitated them to prepare Pasture and Livestock Management Plans. Institutions finished the project financed activities but they still continue their work

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

proyecto/ basado en un programa

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

To help mitigate the effects of climate change on the rural population and slow pasture degradation processes through introducing and demonstrating sustainable pasture/fodder-based livestock production systems;
To support the development of a Pasture and Livestock Management Plan (PLMP) for Pasture User Unions (PUU), in a participatory, inclusive and gender sensitive way: to
- Serve as tool to organize the management of community managed pastures in such a way that it will
increase pasture yields in quantity and quality, without causing land degradation & erosion;
- Serve as a tool to improve livestock management, and;
- Bring the number of livestock in balance with the available fodder;
- Increase animal off-take through better yielding pastures, adoption of improved
feeding practices & improved animal management and through better animal health;
- Increase the income of the rural population from livestock keeping, and;
- Reduce downstream flood risk in mountain areas, due to improved land management.

2.9 Condiciones que facilitan o impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque

normas y valores sociales/ culturales/ religiosos

facilitan

The land users are livestock keepers thus all the approaches are welcome as it will directly affect them

impiden

Pasture User Unions do not have their own certificated lands under their control

disponibilidad/ acceso a recursos y servicios financieros

facilitan

As the Pasture Users Unions are equipped with the agriculture tractors and excavators, they process the lands and rehabilitate pasture roads and also bank stabilization works and from all of these activities earn money. The other sources is their membership fees that collect every month from the members.

entorno institucional

facilitan

A Pasture Law was passed on 19 March 2013 (Law No 951) that will enable the formation of Pasture User Unions for the joint use and management of pasture resources.

colaboración/ coordinación de actores

facilitan

The Pasture User Unions collaborate with the local district hukumat and all its departments, non-governmental and donor organisations in the process of implementation of Pasture and Livestock Management Plans. PUU also have very good cooperation with the land users and livestock keepers.

marco de trabajo legal (tenencia de tierra, derechos de uso de tierra y agua)

facilitan

Pasture User Union of "Sorkho" is established in Faizobod district, registered at jamoat level, and has their charter, stamp and other office equipment and an office.

políticas

facilitan

Pasture laws are passed that supports pasture managament activities.

gobernanza de tierras (toma de decisiones, implementación y aplicación)

impiden

The main issue that is PUUs haven't ownership of the pasture land.

conocimiento de MST, acceso a apoyo técnico

facilitan

The project also includes training and technical support of the PUUs on budgeting, SLM approaches, and administration

mercados (para comprar insumos, vender productos) y precios

facilitan

Materials are broadly available at an affordable price

carga de trabajo, disponibilidad de mano de obra

facilitan

Local people understand the importance of the activity and are ready to contribute cash and power for its implementation.

3. Participación y roles de las partes interesadas involucradas

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

organizaciones comunitarias

The head of each PUU has been involved in the process of preparation

The Pasture User Union of "Sorkho" that was established by the project ELMARL. Support with the photos and information

especialistas MST/consejeros agrícolas

Mountain Societies Development Support Programme (MSDSP)

They was partner organisation that did facilitation during the establishment and implementing Pasture User Unions plans

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque

	Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales	Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación	interactivo	Awareness raising and introductory meetings, training, seminars and other with the local livestock keepers
planificación	interactivo	Local land users participated in the process of the preparation of plan (PLMP)
implementación	auto-movilización	Local land users and livestock keepers contributing in cash or as labor during the implementation of their plan
monitoreo y evaluación	auto-movilización	Assessments, field observations, monitoring and controlling of the process of implementation
	auto-movilización	Fully involved during the operation and maintenance of the pasture infrastructures, and research

3.3 Flujograma (si estuviera disponible)

Descripción:

Structure of the Pasture User Union

Autor:

Project and PUU

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:

principalmente por especialistas MST en consulta con usuarios de tierras

Explique:

The approach has been developed, tested and adapted by the consultants and specialists of the project with the involvement of pasture users according to the Pasture Law that was passed on 19 March 2013 (Law No 951)

Especifique las bases que sustentaron la toma de decisiones:

la evaluación de conocimiento MST bien documentado (la toma de decisiones se basa en evidencia)
hallazgos de investigaciones

4. Apoyo técnico, fortalecimiento institucional y gestión del conocimiento

4.1 Construcción de capacidades / capacitación

¿Se proporcionó la capacitación a usuarios de tierras/ otras partes interesadas?

Sí

Especifique quién fue capacitado:

usuarios de tierras
personal de campo/ consejeros

Forma de capacitación:

en el contexto de trabajo
de agricultor a agricultor
áreas de demostración

Temas avanzados:

ToT on environmental management of pasture lands, accounting, planning

4.2 Servicio de asesoría

¿Los usuarios de tierras tienen acceso a un servicio de asesoría?

4.3 Fortalecimiento institucional (desarrollo institucional)

¿Se establecieron o fortalecieron instituciones mediante el Enfoque?

sí, mucho

Especifique el nivel o los niveles en los que se fortalecieron o establecieron las instituciones:

local

Describa la institución, roles y responsabilidades, miembros, etc.

Pasture Users Unions
Local hukumat departments:
Ministry of Agriculture, Committee for Environmental Protection and Committee of Women Affairs

Especifique el tipo de apoyo:

construcción de capacidades/ entrenamiento
equipo

Proporcione detalles adicionales:

The representatives of mentioned departments participated in the trainings, conferences and meetings during project implementation and helps participants with the recommendations and guides

4.4 Monitoreo y evaluación

¿El monitoreo y la evaluación forman parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Comentarios:

The main tasks of monitoring relative to the livestock and pasture improvement activities; (a) Activities required to improve livestock
management (animal health, housing, feeding, breeding), (b) activities required to improve pasture
production (rotational grazing, protecting pastures, pasture rehabilitation through spot planting with
legumes, improving access to remote pastures, supplementary fodder production, set stocking
rates), (c) investment needs1 & sources of funding, (d)an implementation plan showing
responsibilities/targets/indicators

Si respondió que sí, ¿la documentación se utilizará para monitoreo y evaluación?

Sí

Comentarios:

As the approach supports project and land users to define
(a) measures to improve pasture productivity and sustainability, such as rotational grazing, protecting areas for regeneration, pasture rehabilitation, improving access to remote pastures, and needs for supplementary fodder production;
(b) grazing utilization levels;
(c) animal health requirements and breed improvement measures;
(d) investment needs; and (e) implementation responsibilities, targets and indicators in their plans

4.5 Investigación

¿La investigación formó parte del Enfoque?

5. Financiamiento y apoyo material externo

5.1 Presupuesto anual para el componente MST del Enfoque

Indique el presupuesto anual para el componente del MST del Enfoque (en US$):

100000,00

Comentarios (ej. fuentes principales de financiamiento/ donantes principales):

The project funded by the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) with the objective of enabling rural people to build their productive assets in ways that sustainably improve natural resource management and build resilience to climate change in selected climate vulnerable sites

5.2 Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras

¿Los usuarios de tierras recibieron financiamiento/ apoyo material para implementar la Tecnología/ Tecnologías? :

Sí

Si respondió sí, especifique el tipo o los tipos de apoyo, condiciones y proveedor(es) :

The grant amount would average US$ 100,000 for each of the 8 PUUs with the specific amount depending on pasture area and existing number of livestock units (to be finalized during implementation)

5.3 Subsidios para insumos específicos (incluyendo mano de obra)

mano de obra

En qué grado	Especifique los subsidios
	Beneficiaries would contribute at least an additional 25% match of the grant amount (partly in cash and/or in kind as labour or equipment costs).

Si la mano de obra de usuarios de tierras fue un insumo sustancial, ¿fue:

voluntario?

Comentarios:

Investments could include: a) infrastructure to access and use remote pastures, such as spot road improvements, stock watering points, shelters and stock-pens, and milk cooling equipment; b) machinery to produce and harvest fodder; c) costs of rehabilitation measures for degraded areas such as fencing, weed and shrub control, and re-seeding; d) inputs for supplementary fodder production such as seeds; e) vaccinations and parasite control; and f) artificial insemination. Funds could also be used for additional training above that provided by the contracted NGO and for provision of office equipment and furnishings for PUUs.

5.4 Crédito

¿Se proporcionó crédito bajo el Enfoque para actividades MST?

5.5 Otros incentivos o instrumentos

¿Se usaron otros incentivos o instrumentos para promover la implementación de Tecnologías MST?

Sí

Si fuera el caso, especifique :

The Pasture User Unions have equipped with the high volume machines to improve the pasture roads and riverbanks

6. Análisis de impacto y comentarios de conclusión

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

¿El Enfoque empoderó a los usuarios locales de tierras, mejoró el involucramiento de las partes interesadas?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

The ELMARL project used this approach in 4 pilot districts and established 8 PUUs that improve and rehabilitated 12600 hectares of pasture lands. Results showed that PUUs have made significant progress in implementing their activities. As a result of the use of machinery, more than 120 km of roads for livestock and hazardous areas were repaired and rehabilitated, and conditions of pastures improved over an area of 6,750 hectares. As a result of construction of watering points for livestock, PUUs were given the opportunity to graze livestock in summer pastures for more than one month and conditions for 1050 hectares of pastures were improved. As a result of the use of bridges for livestock, the PUU members obtained an access to 470 hectares of pastureland, construction of kashars provided the opportunity for pasture users to use 3900 ha of pasture lands, 1.86 ha of area was rehabilitated by establishing demonstration plots, the area of 75 hectares of land was processed and improved through the use of small agricultural tractors, 250 hectares of pastureland have been improved through sowing grasses as fodder, 100 hectares of pasture lands have been improved through the installation of irrigation pump.

¿El Enfoque ayudó a los usuarios de tierras a implementar y mantener Tecnologías MST?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

Of course, establishing PUUs and designing Pasture and Livestock Management Plans that directly adopted to the SLM will help land users to manage their lands. Some of examples from the PUUs activities contribute to the SLM; construction of 'kashars' (Animal and herder shelters) Implementing these activities has made great profit to PUUs. Cattle breeders were able to extend period for cattle grazing in summer pastures and reduce the burden of livestock in pastures around the village; Improvement of cattle breeding leads to increased productivity and reduce degradation; Improvement of the roads condition – situation of roads for livestock is being improved due to the fact that PUUs in Faizobod district have purchased technique, which guarantees the safe keeping of livestock and also lands that are around the road; sowing perennial grasses was the only activity, which occupied 250 hectares of pasturelands for fodder, and not all PUUs pay attention to these problems. The activity can provide livestock with fodder and prevent lands from erosion as well.

¿El Enfoque mejoró la coordinación e implementación efectiva en costos de MST?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

Using of machinery is the one of activities that was supported by PUUs to rehabilitate roads for livestock and hazardous areas. If PUUs rent this machinery it will be too expensive and organisations does not have such kind opportunity, but machinery helps them to repair their lands in regularly base.

¿El Enfoque movilizó/mejoró el acceso a recursos financieros para implementar MST?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

The PUUs equiped with the needed machinery and office where they could organise meetings, so they can construct, rehabilitate and generally support their members(livestock keepers, land users). Presently the PUUs in a very good relationship with their members and collect membership fees regularly, also they have another source of money from the mashinary services. PUU regularly maitaining systems.

¿El Enfoque mejoró el conocimiento y capacidades de otras partes interesadas?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

The PUUs are the member of the GIZ 'Pasture Management Networking Platform' and participated in the meetings regularly. The main task of the meetings is to exchange information and experience on SLM and pasture management projects among various implementing partners.

¿El Enfoque mejoró la equidad de género y empoderó a las mujeres y niñas?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

PUUs appraised for gender and their inclusion of women and the poor, and possible actions identified to address inequities. Where inequitable arrangements are found that exclude or marginalize vulnerable groups, opportunities will be sought where possible to address these inequities, e.g., targeting a proportion of certain types of production investments to groups of vulnerable households (wool processing, poultry development). Gender and social issues to be addressed during capacity building will mainly relate to an identified need to increase awareness and strengthen capacity of peer-to-peer learning and community mobilization, particularly focusing on increasing the level of participation of nondirect beneficiaries and members of marginalized groups.

¿El Enfoque mejoró cuestiones de tenencia de tierra/ derechos de usuarios que obstaculizaron la implementación de la Tecnologías MST?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

The regulation of land allocation, lease and management is under the jurisdiction of the local level authorities together with the district representation of the Land Committee, but also needs to be approved by the provincial and central authorities. Most PUUs quoted that provision of land certificates for Dekhkan Farms on pastureland and PUUs have made attempts to acquire land use right on pastureland and some became successful.

6.2 Motivación principal del usuario de la tierra para implementar MST

reducción de la degradación del suelo

Pasture degradation, due in part to overgrazing and poor stocking practices, is an
important threat and all above mentioned activities contributed to the land degradation

reducción del riesgo de desastres naturales

Regular road and bridge rehabilitation via machinery and controlling grazing pasturelands contribute to the reduction of disasters

conciencia medioambiental

The environmental impact of the approach is largely positive with its planned activities

conocimiento y capacidades mejorados de MST

The PUUs are members of the GIZ 'Pasture Management Networking Platform' and participated in the meetings regularly. The main task of the meetings is to exchange information and experience on SLM and pasture management projects among various implementing partners.

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?

Si respondió que sí, describa cómo:

The approach is a sustainable mechanism itself as it has almost all needed resources and capacity to continue their activity. As an example PUU has found a new sources of income today one of the PUUs, “Sorkho” participated in the district competition to implement the program “Prevention of Land Refinement by using biosynthic methods” conducted by the MSDSP Aga Khan Foundation in Surkhdara area of D. Aliev jamoat in Fayzobod district and succeeded in that so in further that will be a lesson to be learnt by other PUUs. The PUU has now established cooperation with this organization on the basis of mutual agreement and is trying to improve the state of pastures at the jamoat level, and nowadays its work is already in progress.

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
Office and all needed equipments for the operation of PUU Membership fees
Machinery for land and infrastructure Income from the machinery

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
Confidence between the PUU and its members Availability of Pasture and Livestock Management Strategy (includes planned activities for the 3 to 5 years) Availability of needed pasture and livestock Infrastructure; veterinary infrastructure, machinery to improve pasture roads and bridges, livestock watering points.
Needed knowledge and capacity to improve pasture production (rotational grazing, protecting pastures, pasture rehabilitation through spot planting with legumes, improving access to remote pastures, supplementary fodder production, set stocking rates
Mechanism of controling to improve livestock management (animal health, housing, feeding, breeding) Livestock and pasture management; feeding practices, housing, breeding, disease control,marketing of products, usage of the different type of pastures

6.5 Debilidades/ desventajas del Enfoque y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Sufficient source of funding

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
As it is new the approach needs more support and collaboration on behalf of other government and nongovernment organisation	Government needs to support them to be more capable Non governmental organisation need to design project to train them
PUUs does not have their own certificated lands in their balance

7. Referencias y vínculos

Vínculos y módulos

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Vínculos

Meadows and pastures [Hungría]

Compilador: Brigitta Szabó
29/03/2022 16:08

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