1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación de la Tecnología

Nombre del proyecto que financió la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)

The Transboundary Agro-ecosystem Management Project for the Kagera River Basin (GEF-FAO / Kagera TAMP )

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - Italia

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

12/05/2013

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT:

Sí

2.1 Breve descripción de la Tecnología

Definición de la Tecnología:

Improving soil fertility for both animal and perennial crops on flat area using mulching.

2.2 Descripción detallada de la Tecnología

Descripción:

It involves use of vegetative materials spread on the surface of the soil such as grass , crop residues and banana leaves.


Perennial crops are grown such as coffee, banana under this technology.

Purpose of the Technology: Of applying mulching was improve soil fertility to control soil erosion , improve soil structure.


Mulching applied also to increase agriculture outputs to improve the income among the farmers.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Mulching was initiated through community meetings held at local level.

Labor is used for clearing weed and cutting of grass for covering the surface of the soil.

Hoes, pandas are used as inputs for maintenance activities.
When the vegetative materials decompose like after one year, he cuts new grass for more covering of soil or spreading of vegetative materials to soil.

Natural / human environment: This village where the technology is applied, is located on gentle slope and other part is on flat area. It favors the growth of annual and perennial crops.
They receive two rainy seasons , one from March to late May; another one from mid August to December. This village also has 170 households . 45% of the members practice mulching , they grow crops for commercial and subsistence purpose. Both men and women are involved in all the activities.

2.3 Fotografías de la Tecnología

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde la Tecnología fue aplicada y que se hallan comprendidos por esta evaluación

2.6 Fecha de la implementación

Si no se conoce el año preciso, indique la fecha aproximada:

• 10-50 años atrás

2.7 Introducción de la Tecnología

Especifique cómo se introdujo la Tecnología:

• mediante la innovación de usuarios de tierras

Comentarios (tipo de proyecto, etc.):

The technology was initiated in 1986 by local farmers through community meetings.

3.1 Propósito(s) principal(es) de la Tecnología MST

• reducir, prevenir, restaurar la degradación del suelo

3.2 Tipo(s) actuales de uso de la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): There is loss of top soil due to leaving soil bare , water can easily wash the soil from one place to another.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Deforestation and monoculture due to poverty among some farmers.

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Cropland: Cp: Perennial (non-woody) cropping

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Crops which grow for one or two years are grown.

Si el uso de la tierra ha cambiado debido a la implementación de la Tecnología, indique el uso de la tierra antes de la implementación de la Tecnología.

Cropland: Ca: Annual cropping

3.3 Información adicional sobre el uso de tierras

Provisión de agua para la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología:

• de secano

Especifique:

Longest growing period in days: 42 Longest growing period from month to month: March to June Second longest growing period in days: 90 Second longest growing period from month to month: September to December

3.4 Grupo MST al que pertenece la Tecnología

• cobertura de suelo/ vegetal mejorada

3.5 Difusión de la Tecnología

Especifique la difusión de la Tecnología:

• distribuida parejamente sobre un área

Si la tecnología se halla difundida homogéneamente en un área, indique el área aproximada que cubre:

• 0.1-1 km2

Comentarios:

The farmer has 6 acres applied this technology on 4 acres currently.

3.6 Medidas MST que componen la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Main measures: agronomic measures

Type of agronomic measures: mulching

3.7 Principales tipos de degradación del suelo encarados con la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Main causes of degradation: soil management (soil was not covered with grass.)

Secondary causes of degradation: change in temperature (Reduces micro-organisms due to high temperature.), poverty / wealth (Deforestation purposely to earn a living.)

4.1 Dibujo técnico de la Tecnología

4.2 Especificaciones técnicas/ explicaciones del dibujo técnico

The drawing shows mulching practice in the garden of Mr. Katerega of Kijonjo village -Kasasa
sub-county.

Location: Kijonjo village. Rakai District.

Date: 09/08/2011

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Main technical functions: improvement of ground cover

Secondary technical functions: increase in organic matter

Mulching
Material/ species: Grasses
Remarks: 50 big bundles per ha.

4.4 Actividades de establecimiento

	Actividad	Tipo de medida	Momento
1.	Buy hand hoe
2.	Buy panda
3.	Labour
4.	Buy vegetative materials

4.5 Costos e insumos necesarios para el establecimiento

	Especifique insumo	Unidad	Cantidad	Costos por unidad	Costos totales por insumo	% de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras
Mano de obra	Labour	ha	1,0	25,0	25,0	100,0
Equipo	Tools	ha	1,0	6,3	6,3	100,0
Material para plantas	Grass	ha	1,0	50,0	50,0	100,0
Costos totales para establecer la Tecnología					81,3

Comentarios:

Lifespan of the products:
Hand hoe: 7 years
Panda: 4 years
Labour: 4 months
Vegetative materials: 4 months

4.6 Actividades de establecimiento/ recurrentes

	Actividad	Tipo de medida	Momento/ frequencia
1.	Clearing weed	Agronómicas
2.	Adding more vegetative materials	Agronómicas

4.7 Costos e insumos necesarios para actividades de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (por año)

	Especifique insumo	Unidad	Cantidad	Costos por unidad	Costos totales por insumo	% de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras
Mano de obra	Labour	ha	1,0	25,0	25,0	100,0
Equipo	Tools	ha	1,0	50,0	50,0	100,0
Material para plantas	Grass	ha	1,0	50,0	50,0	100,0
Indique los costos totales para mantenecer la Tecnología					125,0

Comentarios:

Length of structure.

4.8 Factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

Describa los factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

Labor was also expensive , which affects the cost.eg. for cutting grass for mulching.

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografía

Comentarios y especificaciones adicionales sobre topografía :

Altitudinal zone: 1233.3 & 1633.2 m.a.s.l

5.3 Suelos

Si se halla disponible, adjunte una descripción completa de los suelos o especifique la información disponible, por ej., tipo de suelo, pH/ acidez de suelo, capacidad de intercambio catiónico, nitrógeno, salinidad, etc. :

Soil texture: Medium (Crops on it grow well due to drained soil)
Soil fertility: High (Because crops mature faster and of good quality)
Topsoil organic matter: Medium (ranked 1, due to high rates decomposition of crop residues on soil) and low (ranked 2, on parts of the land without spreading vegetative material on it)
Soil drainage / infiltration: Medium (ranked 1, due to presence of micro-organisms that creates holes on soil) and poor (ranked 2)
Soil water storage capacity: High (the area has loam soil which favor water to stay in the soil)

5.4 Disponibilidad y calidad de agua

Comentarios y especificaciones adicionales sobre calidad y cantidad de agua:

Ground water table: 5-50m (This village is on flat land)
Availability of surface water: Poor/none (ranked 1, especially in dry season) and medium (ranked 2, during rainy season (heavy rains))
Water quality (untreated): Good drinking water (they have two boreholes in the whole village)

5.5 Biodiversidad

Comentarios y especificaciones adicionales sobre biodiversidad:

Biodiversity: Low (ranked 1, micro-organisms become scarce during heavy rainfall) and medium (ranked 2, moderate temperature ,crops grow well & bacteria present)

5.6 Las características de los usuarios de la tierra que aplican la Tecnología

Indique otras características relevantes de los usuarios de las tierras:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
25% of the land users are rich and own 65% of the land (Inputs available).
75% of the land users are poor and own 35% of the land (They lack inputs).
Off-farm income specification: Traders especially retailers' income ranging in 50%.
Level of mechanization: Manual labour (It involves use of light labour)
Market orientation: Mixed (ranked 1, grown for commercial & home consumption) and subsistence (ranked 2, production is on small scale,especailly perennial crops)

5.7 Área promedio de la tierra que pertenece a o es arrendada por usuarios de tierra que aplican la Tecnología

5.8 Tenencia de tierra, uso de tierra y derechos de uso de agua

Tenencia de tierra:

• individual, sin título
• individual, con título

Derechos de uso de tierra:

• individual

Derechos de uso de agua:

• comunitarios (organizado)

Comentarios:

Few farmers own land without tittles, water use rights is communal and farmers without land tittle pay some money to land lord 3500/= every year.

5.9 Acceso a servicios e infraestructura

6.1 Impactos in situ demostrados por la Tecnología

Impactos socioeconómicos

Producción

Ingreso y costos

Impactos socioculturales

Impactos ecológicos

Ciclo de agua/ escurrimiento de sedimento

Suelo

Reducción de riesgos de desastres y riesgos climáticos

6.4 Análisis costo-beneficio

Comentarios:

In establishment benefits were low , and gradually became slightly positive compared to maintenance costs.

6.5 Adopción de la Tecnología

De todos quienes adoptaron la Tecnología, ¿cuántos lo hicieron espontáneamente, es decir, sin recibir incentivos/ pagos materiales?

• 90-100%

Comentarios:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

62 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: Farmers improvise inputs ,however much some of them are financially poor, they do utilize the little they poses to implement.

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Depending on the information from this respondent, he said that adoption is still little , due to lack of enough financial resources, to transport vegetative material to garden.

6.7 Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades de la Tecnología

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
Improve soil fertility. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Combination of technology should be applied(mulching & composting).
Increase production outputs. How can they be sustained / enhanced? monitoring and evaluation activities should be conducted.
Reduces soil erosion.
It improves soil aeration. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Mulch constantly.

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
It improves soil fertility. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Combination of technology should be applied.
It increases water holding capacity of the soil. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Develop permanent attitude towards technology among farmers.
Improve soil structure. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Maintenance activity should be encouraged.

6.8 Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos de la Tecnología y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
It is very costly to some farmers.	External financial support should be provided.
It may lead to compaction of soil.	Mulch with soft vegetative materials.
It may lead to competition for soil nutrients &light.	Avoid to mulch with weedy materials.
Mulches develop roots and become weed.	Mulch with the good vegetative materials.

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
It is very expensive in terms of maintenance and establishing.	Financial support should be provided.
It may easily catch fire during suuny period.	Constant monitoring of the site.
Mulches become habitats for pests like rats and termites.	Spraying with some chemicals like rocket.