1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación de la Tecnología

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)

CARITAS (Switzerland) - Suiza

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)

CAMP - Central Asian Mountain Partnership (CAMP - Central Asian Mountain Partnership) - Kirguistán

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)

NCCR North-South (NCCR North-South) - Kirguistán

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

27/04/2011

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT:

Sí

2.1 Breve descripción de la Tecnología

Definición de la Tecnología:

The roof top rain water harvesting system using a concrete tank was designed to improve household access to water for irrigation of kitchen garden plots during the hot and dry summer months.

2.2 Descripción detallada de la Tecnología

Descripción:

A 16 cubic metre concrete tank situated in the shadow of the house constructed to retain rainwater that collects in the roof guttering.

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose of the tank is to retain water to be used for drinking, sanitation and irrigation during the hot and dry summer months. The retained water allows for the irrigation of kitchen garden plots and more diverse crops, and hence should improve the livelihoods of households involved.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: There are three main elements to the construction of the rainwater harvesting system. The first is the construction of a metal gutter on wooden supports around the perimeter of the roof; second, the construction of a concrete pool in the shadow of the house; and finally the provision of a connection pipe between the gutter and the pool. The pool needs to be cleaned periodically to prevent contamination and build up of algae around the edge the pool.

Natural / human environment: During the Soviet period the water supply for the village was supplied through a concrete storage tank located at the foot of the hills above the village. After the collapse of the Soviet Union the concrete tank and its associated infrastructure fell into disrepair. As a result the inhabitants were faced with water shortages, especially during the hot dry summers. In response to this issue the residents invested time, finance and resources into constructing rainwater collection systems.

2.3 Fotografías de la Tecnología

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde la Tecnología fue aplicada y que se hallan comprendidos por esta evaluación

2.6 Fecha de la implementación

Si no se conoce el año preciso, indique la fecha aproximada:

• 10-50 años atrás

2.7 Introducción de la Tecnología

Especifique cómo se introdujo la Tecnología:

• mediante la innovación de usuarios de tierras

Comentarios (tipo de proyecto, etc.):

The land owner built the concrete tank in 2010, however numerous other tanks have been constructed during the last 10 years.

3.1 Propósito(s) principal(es) de la Tecnología MST

• access to water

3.2 Tipo(s) actuales de uso de la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The village has 600mm/yr of precipitation, but it only falls during two months of the year. The land within the village is becoming increasingly dry and thus more denuded and unsuitable for cultivation.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Lack of water at critical times of the year.

Forest products and services: fruits and nuts

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Cropland: Ct: Tree and shrub cropping

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: It is household garden plots that benefits from the water supply. These plots tend to be fruit trees intercropped mainly with onions, potatoes, carrots.

Constraints of settlement / urban: Use of land for concrete tank could be used to grow crops.

Si el uso de la tierra ha cambiado debido a la implementación de la Tecnología, indique el uso de la tierra antes de la implementación de la Tecnología.

Forests / woodlands: Fo: Other

3.3 Información adicional sobre el uso de tierras

Provisión de agua para la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología:

• de secano

Número de temporadas de cultivo por año:

• 1

Especifique:

Longest growing period in days: 220Longest growing period from month to month: March - November

3.4 Grupo MST al que pertenece la Tecnología

• cosecha de agua

3.5 Difusión de la Tecnología

Especifique la difusión de la Tecnología:

• distribuida parejamente sobre un área

Si la tecnología se halla difundida homogéneamente en un área, indique el área aproximada que cubre:

• < 0.1 km2 (10 ha)

Comentarios:

A roof top rainwater harvesting system that channels water into a concrete collecting tank has been replicated in numerous houses within the village.

3.6 Medidas MST que componen la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 Principales tipos de degradación del suelo encarados con la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Et: loss of topsoil

Main causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (The domestic plots were over used due to poor water supply.)

Secondary causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (This occured previously and the trees were not replaced.), other human induced causes (specify) (After the collapse of the Soviet Union the concrete tank and it's associated infrastructure fell into disrepair.), change of seasonal rainfall (Less rainfall at critical times impacted on cultivation activity.), Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts) (Lack of vegetation results in higher losses of soil erosion during heavy rainfall events.), droughts (Longer dry periods in the summer months.), population pressure (The population and number of houses in the village is increasing.)

3.8 Prevención, reducción o restauración de la degradación del suelo

Especifique la meta de la Tecnología con relación a la degradación de la tierra:

• reducir la degradación del suelo

Comentarios:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.1 Dibujo técnico de la Tecnología

4.2 Especificaciones técnicas/ explicaciones del dibujo técnico

The drawing shows the metal guttering (0.15m) wide around the perimeter of the roof top. The guttering collects the rainwater run off from the roof, and through a plastic pipe made of old plastic bottles stitched together by thin wire it drains into a concrete tank. In this example the tank is 4m long, 2 wide and 2 metres deep and is located within the shadow of the house to reduce evaporation rates. In this example the tank is located on a slope and is partially buried on the upslope. The tank is covered for safety reasons and to prevent external contamination.

Location: Boshkengash.. Rudaki, Tajikistan

Date: 20011-05-06

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate (Some technical knowledge is required or else the structure will collapse.)

Main technical functions: water harvesting / increase water supply

Dam/ pan/ pond
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 2
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 2
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 4

Specification of dams/ pans/ ponds: Capacity 16m3

Catchment area: 20 m sqm2

Beneficial area: 0.2 h.am2

Retention/infiltration ditch/pit, sediment/sand trap
Material: Other

Slope of dam wall inside: 0%;
Slope of dam wall outside: 0%

Dimensions of spillways: 0m

Other specifications: tank size 2*2*4m

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:0.5

4.3 Información general sobre el cálculo de insumos y costos

otra / moneda nacional (especifique):

Somoni

Indique la tasa de cambio de USD a la moneda local (si fuese relevante): 1 USD =:

4,5

4.4 Actividades de establecimiento

	Actividad	Tipo de medida	Momento
1.	construction of concrete tank and guttering	Estructurales	spring
2.	None		None

4.5 Costos e insumos necesarios para el establecimiento

	Especifique insumo	Unidad	Cantidad	Costos por unidad	Costos totales por insumo	% de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras
Mano de obra	Construction of concrete tank and guttering	Persons/day	20,0	22,5	450,0	100,0
Equipo	Tools	pieces	6,0	11,1666666	67,0	100,0
Material de construcción	Concrete sand, stone	tons	2,0	337,5	675,0	100,0
Material de construcción	Metal guttering	tons	0,5	900,0	450,0	100,0
Material de construcción	Wood	tons	0,5	240,0	120,0	100,0
Material de construcción	Plastic pipes	pieces	1,0	10,0	10,0	100,0
Costos totales para establecer la Tecnología					1772,0

Comentarios:

Duration of establishment phase: 2 month(s)

4.6 Actividades de establecimiento/ recurrentes

	Actividad	Tipo de medida	Momento/ frequencia
1.	Cleaning	Estructurales	annually

4.7 Costos e insumos necesarios para actividades de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (por año)

	Especifique insumo	Unidad	Cantidad	Costos por unidad	Costos totales por insumo	% de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras
Mano de obra	Cleaning	Person/day	1,0	25,0	25,0	100,0
Indique los costos totales para mantenecer la Tecnología					25,0

Comentarios:

The costs were calculated based on 2010 prices per tank.

4.8 Factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

Describa los factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

Labour, tools and piping can be provided by the land user and stone for the foundation is locally available, however, there is an initial outlay of $300 for the cement, wood and metal guttering. In this example the money for the initial outlay was collected by family members working in Russia and from local salaries.

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografía

Comentarios y especificaciones adicionales sobre topografía :

Altitudinal zone = 800m

Slopes on average: The village is located on a flat plain at the foothill of a slope.

5.3 Suelos

Si se halla disponible, adjunte una descripción completa de los suelos o especifique la información disponible, por ej., tipo de suelo, pH/ acidez de suelo, capacidad de intercambio catiónico, nitrógeno, salinidad, etc. :

Soil texture: Loess soils.

Soil fertility has a potential to be high when cultivated under good conditions.

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium but can be reduced under dry conditions. i.e crusts.

Soil water storage capacity is low-medium since loess material does contain some clay soils.

5.4 Disponibilidad y calidad de agua

Comentarios y especificaciones adicionales sobre calidad y cantidad de agua:

Availability of surface water is good during spring rains and poor/none in the summer months.

Water quality (untreated) is good drinking water during winter and spring (snow and rainfall), but poor during summer.

5.5 Biodiversidad

Comentarios y especificaciones adicionales sobre biodiversidad:

Mixture of vegetables and orchards being grown.

5.6 Las características de los usuarios de la tierra que aplican la Tecnología

Indique otras características relevantes de los usuarios de las tierras:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 1% - 2%

15% of the land users are rich.
70% of the land users are average wealthy (for the land user used for this example).
15% of the land users are poor.

Off-farm income specification: The residents do not have a significant income from their garden plots.

Market orientation of production system: The water is for personal use.

Level of mechanization: All work is done by hand.

5.7 Área promedio de la tierra que pertenece a o es arrendada por usuarios de tierra que aplican la Tecnología

5.8 Tenencia de tierra, uso de tierra y derechos de uso de agua

Tenencia de tierra:

• estado

Derechos de uso de tierra:

• individual

Derechos de uso de agua:

• individual

Comentarios:

In regards to the water in the tank, household plots are allocated by the local government. All land is owned by the state.

5.9 Acceso a servicios e infraestructura

6.1 Impactos in situ demostrados por la Tecnología

Impactos socioeconómicos

Producción

Disponibilidad y calidad de agua

Ingreso y costos

Otros impactos socioeconómicos

Impactos socioculturales

Impactos ecológicos

Ciclo de agua/ escurrimiento de sedimento

Suelo

Biodiversidad: vegetación, animales

6.2 Impactos fuera del sitio demostrados por la Tecnología

6.3 Exposición y sensibilidad de la Tecnología al cambio climático gradual y a extremos relacionados al clima/ desastres (desde la percepción de los usuarios de tierras)

Cambio climático gradual

Cambio climático gradual

	Estación	tipo de cambios climáticos/ climas extremos	¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto?
temperatura anual		incrementó	bien

Extremos (desastres) relacionados al clima

Desastres climatológicos:

	¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto?
tormenta de lluvia local	bien

Desastres climatológicos

	¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto?
sequía	no muy bien

Otras consecuencias relacionadas al clima

Otras consecuencias relacionadas al clima

	¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto?
periodo reducido de crecimiento	bien

Comentarios:

In times of heavy rainfall and prolonged summer drought the size of the tank could be increased.

6.4 Análisis costo-beneficio

¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de establecimiento (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?

¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?

Comentarios:

If it is constructed to a reasonable standard then it will not need any significant maintenance.

6.5 Adopción de la Tecnología

• más de 50%

Si tiene la información disponible, cuantifique (número de hogares y/o área cubierta):

900 household (70 percent of the area covered)

De todos quienes adoptaron la Tecnología, ¿cuántos lo hicieron espontáneamente, es decir, sin recibir incentivos/ pagos materiales?

• 90-100%

Comentarios:

Comments on spontaneous adoption: The urban roof top rainwater harvesting has been replicated by many members of the community without external support.

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: People observed, and experienced the benefits, and decided that it was worth the initial investment.

6.7 Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades de la Tecnología

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
Improved the standard of living, and the increased access to water allowed the households to have more automony over what that grow and eat.

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
Improves the provision of irrigated water for the hot dry summer periods. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Further dissemination to other households.
Allowed for the improvement and expansion of kitchen gardens. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Training on keeping a kitchen garden.
Improved the quality and quantity of fruit yields
Improved the access of water for sanitation and drinking water purposes How can they be sustained / enhanced? Education on sanitation methods.

6.8 Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos de la Tecnología y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
The perception was that the water was not clean in the concrete pool.	However, it was tested and proved to be safe to use. This provided reassurance to the household members. It would be a major benefit if the water tank remains covered and is cleaned periodically.
The initial outlay may be considered expensive for some families.	Many families have adopted this, possibly if many were built at once the material costs would be reduced. The technology could be tied in with micro finance activities.