1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación de la Tecnología

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)

Central Soil & Water Conservation Research & Training Institute - India

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)

Sahid Laxman Naik Development Society - India

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)

IDCWDP (IDCWDP) - India

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

20/08/2004

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT:

Sí

1.5 Referencia al (los) Cuestionario(s) de Enfoques MST

2.1 Breve descripción de la Tecnología

Definición de la Tecnología:

Dugout sunken pond with catchment treatment.

2.2 Descripción detallada de la Tecnología

Descripción:

(1) Total size of the project area = 4.75 Ha.
(2) Different structures taken up in the project area are
(i) Brushwood check dam- 6 Nos.
(ii) Drop structure- 8 Nos.
(iii) Dugout sunken pond - 1 No.
(3) All the above structures were positioned to ridge to valley treatment
(Ref.QT-6/2.1.2/a)

Purpose of the Technology: 1) Storage of runoff for cattle and human use.
2) Construction of structures to check soil erosion and sand casting.
3) Pisciculture.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Establishment :-
1) SWC specialist selected sites for dugout sunken pond, layout the design.
2) SWC specialist also selected sites for drop structures, brushwood check
dams in gullied portion of project area with reference to vertical interval
of slope gradient and space between structures.
3) The execution of work were done by concerned villagers on payment basis.
4) During execution, 20% of the total cost of the dugout sunken pond was
contributed by the villagers in shape of labour.
5) Training on technical know how imparted to the villagrs during execution
of pond, bund, drop structure and brush wood check dam.
Maintenance:-
1) The dugout sunken pond requires (a) Desiltation once in two years (b)
Repair of earthern bund around inlet and outlet every year.
2) The drop structure & brushwood check dams requires little maintenance when
ever requires.
3) One management group has formed in the same village & funds has been
raised by doing pisciculture in the pond.
4) The management group is taking major reponsibility for its maintenance.

Natural / human environment: (1) Drainage line stablilized (2) Adjuscant area cultivated (3) Users group
formed and pisciculture taken up for the Ist time in the village.

2.3 Fotografías de la Tecnología

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde la Tecnología fue aplicada y que se hallan comprendidos por esta evaluación

2.6 Fecha de la implementación

Si no se conoce el año preciso, indique la fecha aproximada:

• hace menos de 10 años (recientemente)

2.7 Introducción de la Tecnología

Especifique cómo se introdujo la Tecnología:

• mediante proyectos/ intervenciones externas

Comentarios (tipo de proyecto, etc.):

National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Area (NWDPRA)

3.1 Propósito(s) principal(es) de la Tecnología MST

• mejorar la producción

3.2 Tipo(s) actuales de uso de la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion):
1) A fellow, undulating, gullied piece of land.
2) Acute sand casting at the down stream cropland.
3) About 40% of the project area were practicing local paddy which suffers from erratic rainfall.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): A piece of land which depends upon the mercy of the Rain God for annual production.

3.3 Información adicional sobre el uso de tierras

Provisión de agua para la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología:

• de secano

Número de temporadas de cultivo por año:

• 1

Especifique:

Longest growing period in days: 150 Longest growing period from month to month: Jul - Nov

3.4 Grupo MST al que pertenece la Tecnología

• cosecha de agua
• apicultura, acuacultura, avicultura, cunicultura, sericicultura, etc.

3.5 Difusión de la Tecnología

Especifique la difusión de la Tecnología:

• distribuida parejamente sobre un área

Si la tecnología se halla difundida homogéneamente en un área, indique el área aproximada que cubre:

• < 0.1 km2 (10 ha)

Comentarios:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.0475 km2.

A fellow, understanding, gullied piece ofland selected for the technology which suffers from sand casting and uncertainity of rain.

3.6 Medidas MST que componen la Tecnología

3.7 Principales tipos de degradación del suelo encarados con la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Main causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes - Coordination of traditional method of agricultural practices like along the slope, use of long term local varieity of seeds etc.), poverty / wealth (lack of captial)

Secondary causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (Erosion problem), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge), Common social practices

3.8 Prevención, reducción o restauración de la degradación del suelo

Especifique la meta de la Tecnología con relación a la degradación de la tierra:

• prevenir la degradación del suelo
• reducir la degradación del suelo

Comentarios:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 Dibujo técnico de la Tecnología

4.2 Especificaciones técnicas/ explicaciones del dibujo técnico

Aerial view of dugout sunken pond

Location: Siadimal, Korkonda. Malkangiri/Orissa/ India

Date: 15.3.2005

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap

Secondary technical functions: reduction of slope angle, water harvesting / increase water supply, Control of sand casting

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.15
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.45

Vegetative measure: In earthern bund slope
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): Compact
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 3.7

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Grass species: Vertivera and local grass slods

Structural measure: Sediment/Sand/Trap/brushwood check dam
Vertical interval between structures (m): 0.6
Spacing between structures (m): 10
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.6
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.5
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 3

Structural measure: Sediment/Sand/Trap/ drop structure
Vertical interval between structures (m): 9
Spacing between structures (m): 15
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.05
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 5.3
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 3

Structural measure: Dam/Pan/Dugout sunken pond
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 28/26/24/22
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 28/26/24/22

Structural measure: Bund/Trapizoidal
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.85
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.50+8.9/2
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 157

Construction material (earth): Soil excavated from pond is used to built bund around pond.

Construction material (stone): Inlet and outlet of pond and drop structure are made up of stone

Construction material (wood): Brush wood check dams are made up of wooden poles and bush wood.

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 3%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:41

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

4.3 Información general sobre el cálculo de insumos y costos

otra / moneda nacional (especifique):

Rupee

Indique la tasa de cambio de USD a la moneda local (si fuese relevante): 1 USD =:

45,0

4.4 Actividades de establecimiento

	Actividad	Tipo de medida	Momento
1.	Collection grass sods and vertivera slips	Vegetativas	beginning of rainy season
2.	Transporting grass sods on established banks	Vegetativas	beginning of rainy season
3.	Watering	Vegetativas	When dry in Ist. Season
4.	Dugout sunken pond-Surveying	Estructurales	Summer season
5.	Dugout sunken pond- soil excavated from pondage area used in trapizodical bund around leaving inlet & outlet portion.	Estructurales	Summer season
6.	Dugout sunken pond- Collection and transporting stone to inlet & outlet site	Estructurales	Summer season
7.	Dugout sunken pond- construction of inlet & outlet with stone	Estructurales	Summer season
8.	Dugout sunken pond- collection of local grass sods & vertiver slops	Estructurales	Onset of rain
9.	Dugout sunken pond- turfing the bund slopes and planting of vertiver slips in rows at up stream and down steam side of inlet and outlet	Estructurales	On set of rain
10.	Brushwood check dam- surveying	Estructurales	Summer season
11.	Brushwood check dam- collection of wooden poles and brush wood	Estructurales	Summer season
12.	Brushwood check dam- collection of picked up stones	Estructurales	Summer season
13.	Brushwood check dam- fixing of wooden pole, weiving with brush wood, filling up the gaps with picked up stones	Estructurales	Summer season
14.	Brushwood check dam- collection of vertiver slips and planting in upstream and downstream of each structure	Estructurales	On set of rain
15.	Drop structure- surveying	Estructurales	Summer season
16.	Drop structure- collection & transportation of stones to work spot	Estructurales	Summer season
17.	Drop structure- construction of drop structure with stones	Estructurales	Summer season
18.	Drop structure- collection of vertiver slips and planting at up stream and down stream of structure	Estructurales	On set of rain

4.5 Costos e insumos necesarios para el establecimiento

	Especifique insumo	Unidad	Cantidad	Costos por unidad	Costos totales por insumo	% de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras
Mano de obra	Labour	ha	1,0	225,0	225,0	14,0
Equipo	Animal traction	ha	1,0	49,0	49,0
Equipo	Tools	ha	1,0	4,0	4,0
Otros	Royalty charges for stones	ha	1,0	6,0	6,0
Otros	Fishery and feed	ha	1,0	9,0	9,0
Otros	Field bunding	ha	1,0	73,0	73,0	100,0
Otros	Water way	ha	1,0	6,0	6,0	100,0
Costos totales para establecer la Tecnología					372,0

4.6 Actividades de establecimiento/ recurrentes

	Actividad	Tipo de medida	Momento/ frequencia
1.	Collecting vertiver slips & grass sods for gap filling	Vegetativas	Onset of rain /annual
2.	Collection of grass sods and gap fillling to bund layers	Estructurales	On set of rain/Annualy
3.	Desiltation	Estructurales	Before on set of rain/Biannualy

4.7 Costos e insumos necesarios para actividades de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (por año)

	Especifique insumo	Unidad	Cantidad	Costos por unidad	Costos totales por insumo	% de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras
Mano de obra	Labour	ha	1,0	18,0	18,0	100,0
Otros	Field bunding	ha	1,0	2,0	2,0	100,0
Otros	Water way	ha	1,0	1,0	1,0	100,0
Indique los costos totales para mantenecer la Tecnología					21,0

Comentarios:

The above calculation is based on the total establishment/ recurring cost both born by the project and land users is devided by the total project area i.e 4.75 ha. To get average hect. cost.

4.8 Factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

Describa los factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

Availability of stone affects the cost from implementing SWC

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografía

Comentarios y especificaciones adicionales sobre topografía :

Altitudinal zone: 101-500 m a.s.l. (423 m a.s.l.)
Landforms: Plateau/plains (2-7% slope)

5.3 Suelos

Si se halla disponible, adjunte una descripción completa de los suelos o especifique la información disponible, por ej., tipo de suelo, pH/ acidez de suelo, capacidad de intercambio catiónico, nitrógeno, salinidad, etc. :

Soil fertility: Medium
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good
Soil water storage capacity: Medium

5.6 Las características de los usuarios de la tierra que aplican la Tecnología

Indique otras características relevantes de los usuarios de las tierras:

Population density: < 10 persons/km2
Annual population growth: < 0.5%
30% of the land users are average wealthy and own 60% of the land.
70% of the land users are poor and own 40% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: Land users from SWC technology area proctise contour plough, line sowing and using HYV paddy have increased their income significantly.
Level of mechanization: Manual labour and aniaml traction (bullock plough, both ranked 1)
Market orientation of production system: Pisciculture (Selling at village level)

5.7 Área promedio de la tierra que pertenece a o es arrendada por usuarios de tierra que aplican la Tecnología

5.8 Tenencia de tierra, uso de tierra y derechos de uso de agua

Tenencia de tierra:

• comunitaria/ aldea

Derechos de uso de tierra:

• acceso abierto (no organizado)

6.1 Impactos in situ demostrados por la Tecnología

Impactos socioeconómicos

Producción

Disponibilidad y calidad de agua

Impactos socioculturales

Impactos ecológicos

Ciclo de agua/ escurrimiento de sedimento

Suelo

Otros impactos ecológicos

6.2 Impactos fuera del sitio demostrados por la Tecnología

6.4 Análisis costo-beneficio

¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de establecimiento (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?

¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?

6.5 Adopción de la Tecnología

De todos quienes adoptaron la Tecnología, ¿cuántos lo hicieron espontáneamente, es decir, sin recibir incentivos/ pagos materiales?

• 90-100%

Comentarios:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

19 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: If the community find the technology is low cost to teke up and gets eye catching benefits, then the treand of adoption is good.

6.7 Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades de la Tecnología

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
Water problem for human and cattle solved How can they be sustained / enhanced? Regular maintenance of pond needed
Damage of crops reduced by construction of series of structures How can they be sustained / enhanced? More field bunding, vegetative cover should be imparted.
Users group brings villagers closure How can they be sustained / enhanced? Manageent group to be reorganised annuly

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
Water scarcity of the area partly solved How can they be sustained / enhanced? Regular desilting shound be done.
Heavy sand casting and soil loss controled How can they be sustained / enhanced? More vegetative cover required for catchement area
Crop production increased in the project area How can they be sustained / enhanced? Should be replicated by the people.
Pisciculture added extra income to the villagers How can they be sustained / enhanced? Hybrid fingerlings to be adopted

6.8 Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos de la Tecnología y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Sand casting could not be checked fully	By full vegetative cover and more structural measures it can be checked.
Sediment deposit in down stream area decreased	The loss can be over come by increasing crop yield.

7.2 Vínculos a las publicaciones disponibles

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Watershed Survey Report

¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?

Director of Soil Conservation, Orissa, Bhubaneswar

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Plan and Estimate

¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?

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