1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

MoA (MoA) - Bhoutan

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

National Soil Services Centre (National Soil Services Centre) - Bhoutan

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

25/03/2011

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

Land Management Group uniting all households in a community to plan and implement SLM and cash-generating activities

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

Aims / objectives: A Land Management Group (LMG) unites all households of a village and aims to advocate, plan and implement SLM activities, based on the land-based issues of that particular community. The LMG has formal by-laws, drafted interactively with the community, and has its own group saving account, as access to credit and proper savings is still a real constraint in remote areas. A first LMG was started in 2008 in Drunggoenpa chiog in Radhi geog, Trashigang Dzongkhag, East-Bhutan. The idea for the LMG was based on pioneering work of the Renewable Natural Resource Research Centre Bajo, Wangdue Dzongkhag, in Salamji chiog, Dagana Dzongkhag.

Methods: In an effort to reinforce the social cohesion of communities and to improve the efficiency of planning for implementing SLM interventions, SLMP has initiated Land Management Groups. A LMG is considered very useful to overcome one of the main constraints of SLM implementation in Bhutan: labour-shortage. Many individual households have a growing lack of labour and therefore difficulties to implement labour-intensive SLM activities such as terracing, stone bunding or afforestation work.

Stages of implementation: LMGs are especially suitable for smaller communities, where households live relatively close to each other and have a good community bond. Instead of inter-acting with many individual households separately, the extension staff can also target their services, such as training programmes and technical guidance, to the group. The Drunggoenpa LMG was supported in their group formation process with regular meetings and took part in the annual participatory SLM action plan-ning for the chiog, identifying key land-based problems, their causes and possi-ble SLM interventions. Implementation of these SLM activities, such as grass strip establishment, stone check dam construction, group private forest establishment, vegetable production and tree and bamboo plantation, was carried out in a labour-sharing approach. Pooling labour in the group, all the land of the group members is converted or treated.

Role of stakeholders: This enables vulnerable families including single-headed households and the poorest-of-poor, to participate and get access to more labour-intensive SLM interventions. Apart from the pure SLM interventions, attention is given to cash-generating activities such as vegetable production and potato cultivation, to enhance the livelihoods of the farmers.

Other important information: Costs of forming a LMG including implementation of a series of SLM activities at the village level are limited(less than US$2,000 annually).

2.3 Photos de l'approche

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

2.6 Dates de début et de fin de l'Approche

2.7 Type d'Approche

• fondé sur un projet/ programme

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (vegetable production, potato production for cash income generation)

- To overcome labour constraints of labour-intensive SLM activities by working in a group, becoming more time-efficient
- To enhance the community bond and give access to all households to SLM activities


The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: - Severe land degradation in the village through landslides and surface erosion on very steep dryland
- Overgrazing by cattle, causing crop damage and forest degradation
- Lack of timber as result of forest degradation and deforestation

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche

	Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales	Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation	interactive	Community members were inspired by visit to Salamji, a SLM focal village in Dagana Dzongkhag and advocated a similar approach in their village
planification	interactive	Participatory SLM action planning, annually, to discuss land based issues, causes and potential SLM interventions
mise en œuvre	interactive	Range of SLM interventions such as grass strip establishment, stone check dam construction, group private forest plantation etc. technical guidance by local extension staff
suivi/ évaluation	interactive	Participatory Monitoring & Evaluation meetings with geog extension staff and members of the municipality administration; includes regular insight in group saving account balance and status for transparency
Research	aucun

3.3 Diagramme/ organigramme (si disponible)

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:

• principalement les exploitants des terres soutenus par des spécialistes de la GDT

Expliquez:

.Annual Participatory SLM Action Planning to discuss land-based issue, causes and interventions options and priorities.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users. Mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users; consultation process in context of participatory SLM action planning and participatory monitoring and evaluation meetings.

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Oui

Spécifiez qui a été formé:

• exploitants des terres

Formats de la formation:

• sur le tas
• entre agriculteurs (d'exploitants à exploitants)
• réunions publiques

Thèmes abordés:

Training to community members on group formation and specific technical SLM interventions such as organic vegetable production, grass strip establishment, group private forestry, stone check dam construction, bamboo plantation etc. The annual participatory SLM action planning and natural resource mapping also contributed considerably in raising awareness of all villagers, developing their understanding of causal chain relations of their key land problems.

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Oui

Spécifiez si le service de conseils est fourni:

• dans les champs des exploitants?

Décrivez/ commentez:

Name of method used for advisory service: SLM advisory service by extension staff; Key elements: Grass strip establishment, Group formation, Organic vegatable Production; Renewable Natural Resource Extension staff of the geog are providing on-the-job advisory service to the group members through regular visits to the community to carry out trainings, which are mainly hands-on, with a demonstration site on the land of one of the group members. At the end of the training the group members plan for a rotation schedule to carry out the SLM activity on the land of all group members.

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Determination expressed by group to continue with activities post-project.

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?

• oui, beaucoup

Spécifiez à quel(s) niveau(x), ces institutions ont été renforcées ou mises en place:

• local

Précisez le type de soutien:

• renforcement des capacités/ formation

Donnez plus de détails:

Considerable support to the Land Management Group through group formation process guidance and concentrated effort to plan for and implement a range of SLM focused activities, combined with hands-on training events.

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Commentaires:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Regular observations by project staff together with group members of grass strips, riser height, check dam infill and tree seedling growth

technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Regular observations and measurements by project staff together with group members of grass strip area, number of check dams and plantation status (bamboo and tree seedlings)

socio-cultural aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Regular observations by project staff together with group members on group status and feedback of group on implementation progress and issues and future activities

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Regular observations by project staff together with group on crop yield, fodder grass production along grass strips (# of loads) and animal production increase (milk in litres, butter and cheese in kilos)

area treated aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff, land users through measurements; indicators: Regular measurement by project staff and group members of area treated with grass strips and area planted with bamboo and tree seedlings

no. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Ad-hoc observation by group members (attendance register)

management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Regular observations in participatory monitoring and evaluation meetings with group members

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: In the initial group formation process these was considerable involvement by the local extension staff, which has been reduced as the group members have taken upon themselves most of the planning and implementation as their confidence levels have risen and their technical capability enhanced by a series of training events.

There were few changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:

• < 2 000

Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (GEF, World Bank): 85.0%; local community / land user(s) (Land Management Group): 15.0%

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Oui

5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)

• équipement

• intrants agricoles

Si la main d'œuvre fournie par les exploitants des terres était un intrant substantiel, elle était:

• volontaire

Commentaires:

Labour contribution to the land management group is in principle voluntary, but for some of the specific SLM interventions SLMP pays the households a fixed amount per area converted or treated with grass strips, planted with bamboo rhizomes etc. These cash payments are an incentive to establish and start certain techniques for which considerable labour is required. All recurrent activities are carried out by the group members.

Tool sets are provided to the group, consisting of hand tools as pickaxe, crowbar and spade. Additionally, seeds and seedlings needed for SLM activities are provided free of cost by SLMP, such as bamboo rhizomes, tree seedlings, fruit tree seedlings, fencing material for the group private forest establishment and temperate grass seed mixture.

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Non

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

6.2 Principale motivation des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?

• incertain

Si non ou incertain, spécifiez et commentez:

The group is expected to be able to sustain their activities independently, but a group process is always complex and there are no certainties looking forward. The improved sense of community bonding and mutual trust however is clearly expressed and essential for future sustainability of the group, supported by the existing group saving account, facilitating financial sustainability.

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Are equal....

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé

Enhanced community bond and mutual trust Labour-sharing approach in group eases the difficulty to implement labour-intensive SLM activities Vegetable production in group has improved food security and generates cash income Saving account of group facilitates credit need of households and serves as common bond between households (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continued support and guidance to group Continue labour-sharing in future activities Increase production area Regular bookkeeping and cash generating activities to add to savings)

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Are equal...

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Initially freely grazing cattle caused problems between group members with implementation of SLM activities Group expresses interest in having a simple meeting venue to facilitate group meetings	By-laws help to overcome issues and working together in a group has improved mutual trust Seek support to construct simple meeting hall

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information