1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) - Népal

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research, and Development (LI-BIRD) - Népal

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

01/03/2013

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

Members of a community can work together to help prevent soil erosion and increase productivity by working collectively to establish contour bunds.

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

Aims / objectives: Over generations, the ethnic minorities of Nepal, who practice fireless shifting cultivation, known as 'gujultyaune', have successfully used contour bunding to control soil erosion, promote water retention, and increase crop production. Contour bunding is a proven sustainable land management practice in areas where the soil productivity of marginal, sloping, and hilly lands is very low. While it is both low cost and simple to implement, it does have the drawback that establishing contour bunds is very labour intensive. When members of a community work together to establish contour bunds the whole village can benefit.

Methods: By working collectively, a community can establish contour bunds that will benefit everyone and not individual farmers alone. The first step is to plan a course of action and to select the sites. Members of the community, who are thoroughly familiar with the landscape that the community inhabits, get together to discuss where the contour bunding will be most successful and benefit the greatest number of farmers. This planning phase is best carried out during the dry season before the rains begin. Once the sites are selected, everyone participates in the slashing of materials on the shifting cultivation lands. After the slashed materials have been allowed to dry for some weeks, the community assembles to gather these into rows that will form the bunds. Every member of the community participates according to their ability.

Stages of implementation: The steps for sharing labour to establish contour bunds in a community which practises shifting cultivation can be summarized as follows:
• The community meets to finalize a plan of action.
• Everyone participates in the slashing of shifting cultivation plots.
• The slashed materials are collected and allowed to dry.
• The slashed materials are formed into rows that will constitute the bunds.
• Everyone participates and eventually, the land between the bunds is prepared for the cultivation of crops.

2.3 Photos de l'approche

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

2.7 Type d'Approche

• traditionnel/ autochtone

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (increasing crop production)

To increase crop yields and help to prevent soil erosion in communities that practise shifting cultivation by getting the whole community to participate in establishing contour bunds.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The main stumbling blocks to this approach are a gap in the sharing of traditional knowledge, lack of the money needed for investment, community conflicts over allocation of resources, and overall poor social cohesiveness.

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche

	Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales	Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation	auto-mobilisation	Demand created by the community
planification	interactive	Through discussions the whole community is involved in deciding what sites are to be contoured and how the bunding technology is to be implemented.
mise en œuvre	auto-mobilisation	The whole community is involved in planning the sites, slashing the biomass, and forming the contour bunds.
suivi/ évaluation	aucun
Research	aucun

3.3 Diagramme/ organigramme (si disponible)

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:

• les exploitants des terres seuls (auto-initiative)

Expliquez:

The land users themselves decide on the technology during participatory discussions held in the community. This is a bottom-up approach

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up). The land users themselves possess traditional knowledge on how the technology should be implemented. Since some farmers have a better grasp of the technology than others, the different methods are discussed and the community as a whole decides what method is to be used.

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Oui

Spécifiez qui a été formé:

• exploitants des terres

Formats de la formation:

• entre agriculteurs (d'exploitants à exploitants)
• zones de démonstration
• réunions publiques

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Oui

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?

• non

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Commentaires:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by land users through measurements; indicators: Land users regularly monitor the organic matter and moisture content of the soil and establish plants in bunds

technical aspects were regular monitored by land users through measurements; indicators: Land users regularly monitor terrace formation and soil erosion

socio-cultural aspects were regular monitored by land users through observations; indicators: The community observes and comments on the degree to which contour bunding is implemented

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by land users through measurements; indicators: Land users note crop production and how it affects their cash income

area treated aspects were regular monitored by land users through measurements; indicators: Land users regularly monitor small patches used in shifting cultivation

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by land users through observations; indicators: The whole community participates in observing how many people are involved

management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by land users through measurements; indicators: The whole community participates

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Gradually, farmers in other communities are also adopting the same approach

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:

• < 2 000

Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: national non-government (LI-BIRD): 20.0%; local community / land user(s): 80.0%

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Non

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Non

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

6.2 Principale motivation des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?

• oui

Si oui, décrivez de quelle manière:

This is a community-based approach; each community formulates its own rules and regulations.

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Effectiveness (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Improve the approach by continuing to work together to design, plan, and implement.)
Increases social cohesiveness (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continue to work collaboratively)
Decreased workload (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Over time, the group decisions that work best no longer need to be revisited and less time is spent in discussions.)
Quick implementation of sloping land management measures (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: As the group learns to work together they can taking advantage of their synergy to quickly implement new measures.)
Empowerment (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Encourage the community with technical backstopping)

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Some members contribute more than others	Each member of the group needs to be made aware of how they can contribute.

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information

7.2 Références des publications disponibles

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Indigenous knowledge of farmers in the shifting cultivation areas of Western Nepal, Regmi, BR; Aryal, KP; Subedi, A; Shrestha, PK; Tamang, BB (2001)