Approches

BEEKEEPING FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURAL TREES AND FOREST RESERVES [Tanzanie]

  • Création :
  • Mise à jour :
  • Compilateur :
  • Rédacteur :
  • Examinateur :

UFUGAJI NYUKI

approaches_7416 - Tanzanie

État complet : 92%

1. Informations générales

1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

Personne(s) ressource(s) clé(s)

co-compiler:
Nom du projet qui a facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)
Global coordination project for the SFM Dryland Sustainable Landscapes Impact Program (GEF-FAO / DSL-IP)
Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)
TANZANIA FOREST SERVICES AGENCY (TFS)

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

02/11/2024

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.4 Références au(x) questionnaire(s) sur les Technologies de GDT

Apiculture de forêt
technologies

Apiculture de forêt [Cameroun]

L'apiculture est une pratique traditionelle qui fourni plusieurs produits forestiers non-ligneux.

  • Compilateur : Unknown User

2. Description de l'Approche de GDT

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

Beekeeping is an activity which involves maintenance of bee colonies by using man-made hives within a selected forest area which provides the required feed and habitat resources required by bees. Through beekeeping, trees are conserved as they provide flowers hence ensuring feeds for bees. Beekeeping is used as an approach of protecting forest reserves against encroachments. Bee products, produced within the value chain, improve the livelihoods of beekeepers and communities at large while conserving the environment at the same time.

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

Beekeeping is an activity which involves care and management of honeybees for production of bee products, mostly honey and bee-wax. Beekeeping is an environmentally friendly activity ensuring conservation of trees and other forest resources protected through it. Therefore, beekeeping is undertaken for two major purposes which are:

•Production of bee products through which livelihoods of beekeepers and communities at large are improved and;
•Protection of trees and thereby, forest water resources.

Beekeeping is largely dictated by weather/climatic conditions; hence it is very crucial for the beekeeper to understand the rhythm of various seasons for successful beekeeping.
In this approach, trainings were provided to beekeepers in a community in Tabora Region, Sikonge District, on modern beekeeping techniques and skills which involve the use of modern hives and tools for increased production of bee products. Beekeepers were trained on:

•Measures which can be taken to ensure successful honey and wax production and;
•Measures required to adapt to impacts on bees from climate change.

Representatives from the Miombo Beekeeping Group (user group) are experienced beekeepers who have been in the field for a long period. Land users/beekeepers liked the approach because beekeeping does not require a lot of time due to its seasonal nature. Therefore, a beekeeper can have, besides beekeeping activities, ample time for carrying out other production activities, e.g. agricultural activities. Also, beekeeping does not require large areas of land and beekeeping can therefore, be integrated with other activities.
Insufficient capital for accessing modern hives and tools is one of the hinderances which make it hard for some of beekeepers to adopt improved beekeeping approaches.

2.3 Photos de l'approche

Remarques générales concernant les photos:

Technical skills and capacity building to beekeepers via beekeeping groups ensures efficiency during field activities. Beekeepers' income sources are diversified through value added products that are produced. For example, the production of wax candles, body lotions, lip balms by using beeswax and wine made from honey.

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

Pays:

Tanzanie

Région/ Etat/ Province:

TABORA

Autres spécifications du lieu :

SIKONGE DISTRICT

2.6 Dates de début et de fin de l'Approche

Si l'année précise est inconnue, indiquez approximativement quand l'Approche a démarré:

il y a plus de 50 ans (technologie traditionnelle)

Commentaires:

Beekeeping is one of the traditional activities in the area that has been carried out from one generation to another purposely for production of bee products. Through beekeeping approach, conservation of natural trees and other resources can be attained as they are potential resources required by bees for feed and habitat provision to bees. Through the DSL-IP Miombo Project in Tanzania, beekeepers are sensitized on modern beekeeping by being provided with skills and technical support for undertaking their beekeeping activities.

2.7 Type d'Approche

  • traditionnel/ autochtone

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

1. Beekeeping is practiced as a method of conservation of trees and other potential resources against encroachment from illegal timber harvesting, specifically in forest reserves.
2. Beekeeping is further developed for diversification of income sources so as to have access to other bee products besides honey which is commonly used as food and medicine.
3. On-farm beekeeping ensures pollination of crops thereby increasing crop yields.

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

normes et valeurs sociales/ culturelles/ religieuses
  • favorise

Beekeeping being one of the traditional practices in this area, minimum energy and resources are required on promoting and sensitizing individuals to undertake beekeeping as they are experienced with it. Knowledge transfer is shared from one generation to another within families as members are engaged in management of beehives and other beekeeping activities throughout.

disponibilité/ accès aux ressources et services financiers
  • entrave

Beekeepers do not have reliable access to financial resources (capital) which could enable them to acquire modern beekeeping tools and production facilities. They cannot access loans from financial institutions for undertaking beekeeping activities as beekeeping relies on weather/climatic conditions for productions, whereas beekeepers cannot be assured of their productions in terms of quantities.

cadre institutionnel
  • favorise

For effective management of beekeeping activities, institutions have placed beekeeping officers for administration and supervision of beekeeping activities by linking beekeepers to the Government.

collaboration/ coordination des acteurs
  • favorise

Beekeepers tend to form groups within their communities, through which they undertake their beekeeping activities. Through such beekeeping groups, they are easily reached by the government for trainings, technical support and financial grants that are given to groups who apply for projects specifically on beekeeping activities. Various stakeholders collaborate with the government by providing technical support to beekeepers in terms of skills and tools required.

cadre juridique (régime foncier, droits d'utilisation des terres et de l'eau)
  • favorise

In Tanzania, beekeeping is allowed to be undertaken in forest reserves and bee reserves. Beekeepers are granted with an entry permit into reserves for undertaking their beekeeping activities. Because of the presence of diverse plant species that flower at different seasons and also the security of their beehives, beekeepers prefer beekeeping in protected areas.

cadre politique
  • favorise

Beekeeping is one among the Departments within the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism which has policies and regulations in place.

gouvernance foncière (prise de décisions, mise en œuvre et application des décisions)
  • favorise

The presence of laws that govern management of forest and bee reserves as well as by-laws, against encroachment by illegal human activities, ensures the security of natural resources required by bees.

connaissances sur la GDT, accès aux supports techniques
  • favorise

Hands-on trainings to beekeepers are provided through extension services by beekeeping officers. Also, the presence of institutions in the country which provide technical knowledge on modern beekeeping techniques ensures professionalism and sustainable beekeeping practices.

marchés (pour acheter les intrants, vendre les produits) et prix
  • entrave

Beekeepers do not have a readily available market of their products. Because of this, they are forced to sell their products through middlemen (traders). This results in lower returns to producers. Also, because of financial constraints, farmers do not have access to modern beekeeping tools and facilities for increased production and product quality assurance.

charge de travail, disponibilité de la main-d'œuvre
  • favorise

Beekeeping activity requires manpower for hives making and for hanging hives on trees. Here, beekeepers tend to assist among themselves. Women who undertake on-tree beekeeping activities depend on men during the time of taking up/down of bee hives.

autre
  • entrave

Climatic changes can have impacts on beekeeping activities, hence affecting production. For instance, during heavy rains flowers tend to fall down from trees thus affecting bee feed availability resulting in lowered honey production.
Also, when the rain is too small, the flower production on trees is minimum resulting in low feed availability for bees.

3. Participation et rôles des parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

  • exploitants locaux des terres / communautés locales

Beekeepers from a beekeeping group Known as MIYOMBO GROUP were involved in application of this approach.

The role of the involved user group in this approach includes undertaking beekeeping activities for conservation of trees and natural resources. They are experienced with the practice and therefore they can undertake beekeeping.

  • gouvernement national (planificateurs, décideurs)

The National Government under its agency known as Tanzania Forest Services Agency

Providing technical support by providing skills and modern tools for beekeeping activities.

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche
Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation interactive Beekeepers at individual levels are mobilized to form formal beekeeping groups through which participatory analysis of the beekeeping activities is done by collaborating with the beekeeping officers and local administrative units. Thereafter, they develop plans which provide guidance and assistance to beekeepers especially to the new actors in the sector.
planification interactive Beekeeping activities are planned by the beekeeper who is provided with technical support from beekeeping officers specifically on techniques and skills that can be employed for increased production of bee products.
mise en œuvre interactive Beekeeping involves the use of modern skills and techniques which are provided to beekeepers through government institutions and agencies. For instance, Tanzania Forest Services Agency under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, are mandated by the Government on supervision of all forest and bee resources towards ensuring sustainable production. The agency collaborates with beekeeping groups during implementation of beekeeping activities.
suivi/ évaluation interactive Government agencies facilitate monitoring/evaluation of beekeeping activities, production and marketing of products. The government possess a database of beekeepers in all the districts, which enables tracing of the specific source of bee products from producers and their locations.

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:
  • tous les acteurs concernés dans le cadre d'une approche participative
Expliquez:

Both the Government and beekeepers decide on the use of beekeeping activities as an approach for conservation. This is because of the mutual benefits that both of the two will gain;
1. The Government will ensure protection of tree resources against encroachments and deforestation 2. Beekeepers will obtain bee products after being capacitated with technical skills and support from the Government

Spécifiez sur quelle base ont été prises les décisions:
  • expériences et opinions personnelles (non documentées)

4. Soutien technique, renforcement des capacités et gestion des connaissances

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Oui

Spécifiez qui a été formé:
  • exploitants des terres
Si pertinent, spécifiez le genre, l'âge, le statut, l'ethnie, etc.

Training was provided to the MIYOMBO beekeeping group members, consisting of 50 men and 7 women. The group has members of various ages, ranging from youths to adults.

Formats de la formation:
  • zones de démonstration
  • réunions publiques
Thèmes abordés:

1. MODERN BEEKEEPING PRACTICES AND TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF BEE PRODUCTS.
2. VALUE ADDITION OF THE PRODUCED BEE PRODUCTS FOR IMPROVED LIVELIHOOD AND INCOME GENERATION.

Commentaires:

Farmers were provided training in public meetings, whereby they were provided with technical skills and knowledge on modern beekeeping practices and tools. Also, they were provided with skills on value addition of their produced bee products through demonstration so as to have hands-on skills and experience.

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Oui

Spécifiez si le service de conseils est fourni:
  • dans les champs des exploitants?
Décrivez/ commentez:

Trainings are provided to beekeepers at their local communities, within their groups (producer organizations), which consist of members who have the common interest on beekeeping activities.

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?
  • oui, beaucoup
Spécifiez à quel(s) niveau(x), ces institutions ont été renforcées ou mises en place:
  • local
  • national
Décrivez l'institution, ses rôles et responsabilités, ses membres, etc.

Tanzania Forest Services Agency, a government agency mandated by the government to supervise sustainable productions of forest and bee products. In this approach, the agency has been strengthened by collaborating with beekeepers who ensure sustainable protection of forest resources as well as production of bee products. Also, the local government around the area where beekeeping approach is undertaken has been strengthened through livelihood improvement of the community.

Précisez le type de soutien:
  • financier
  • renforcement des capacités/ formation
Donnez plus de détails:

The Tanzania Forest Fund provides technical and financial support to beekeeping groups which have written up projects upon their call on project write ups, specifically on beekeeping and forest conservation. Modern beekeeping skills and techniques are offered to beekeepers by government agencies/institutions that are related to beekeeping and marketing.

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Commentaires:

Beekeeping activities can be monitored and evaluated through the data base containing a register of beekeepers and their productions.

Si oui, ce document est-il destiné à être utilisé pour le suivi et l'évaluation?

Oui

Commentaires:

The documentation which is currently undertaken provides data on the number of bee hives possessed by individual beekeepers, productions of bee products, climatic conditions. Hence, it can be used to assess and monitor the approach with all the details in it.

4.5 Recherche

La recherche a-t-elle fait partie intégrante de l’Approche?

Non

5. Financement et soutien matériel externe

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:
  • 2 000-10 000
Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

- Own source/savings of beekeepers
- Financial institutions
- Government grants

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Oui

Si oui, spécifiez le(s) type(s) de soutien, les conditions et les fournisseurs:

Technical support from one financial institution within the community, (National Microfinance Bank); which supported 2 beekeeping groups with 50 modern beehives for each group and protective cloths for increased production of bee products.

5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)

  • équipement
Spécifiez les intrants subventionnés Dans quelle mesure Spécifiez les subventions
machines entièrement financé The Government provides subsidies to beekeepers by providing them with modern machines which can be used to ease operations and processing of bee products. The only condition to receive the subsidy is that beekeepers should be within a formal group, and they receive the subsidy in terms of materials and not finance.There is no any returns required from beekeepers to the government on this subsidy provided by the Government.
outils entièrement financé Modern tools are provided to beekeepers by the Government for easy undertaking of their beekeeping activities. These includes tools like smokers, beehives, protective clothing as well as packaging materials. There is no any returns that is required from the beekeepers to the Government after being given the tools.
Si la main d'œuvre fournie par les exploitants des terres était un intrant substantiel, elle était:
  • volontaire
Commentaires:

Labour by beekeeper and household members who supported was voluntary, as it does not involve funds or returns.

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Non

5.5 Autres incitations ou instruments

D'autres incitations ou instruments ont-ils été utilisés pour promouvoir la mise en œuvre des Technologies de GDT?

Oui

Si oui, spécifiez:

Existence of a project that works on this community, dealing with the beekeeping value chain activities, from production to harvesting of bee products promotes and ensures sustainable productions of bee products with quality adherence.

6. Analyses d'impact et conclusions

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

Est-ce que l'Approche a autonomisé les exploitants locaux des terres, amélioré la participation des parties prenantes?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

The approach has united users (beekeepers) with Government agencies, institutions and NGO's who empower them through technical and financial support.

Est-ce que l'Approche a permis la prise de décisions fondées sur des données probantes?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Beekeeping ensures protection of natural forest/tree resources. This facilitates decision making of the Government towards promoting and enhancing beekeeping activities.

Est-ce que l'Approche a aidé les exploitants des terres à mettre en œuvre et entretenir les Technologies de GDT?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Beekeeping, one of the environmental conservation practices ensures SLM & SFM practices, because trees i.e flora species are conserved as they provide bee feed and bee habitats.

Est-ce que l'Approche a amélioré la coordination et la mise en œuvre de la GDT selon un bon rapport coût-efficacité?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Beekeeping, is an environmentally friend activity with low running cost.

Est-ce que l'Approche a mobilisé/ amélioré l'accès aux ressources financières pour la mise en œuvre de la GDT?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Through beekeeping groups, support can easily be attained from the Government (Tanzania Forest Fund) and institutions such as banks and other NGO's.

Est-ce que l'Approche a amélioré les connaissances et les capacités des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Improved knowledge of beekeepers leads to more products and enables SFM (sustainable forest management) practices.

Est-ce que l'Approche a construit/ renforcé les institutions, la collaboration entre parties prenantes?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Through beekeeping, agencies and institutions that are involved in production and marketing of bee products collaborate. For instance, honey produced is used as food, this will bring on board the agency dealing with food health security.

Est-ce que l'Approche a autonomisé les groupes socialement et économiquement défavorisés?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Tanzania Forest Fund provide grants to beekeeping groups, when members unite and create a group, write up their project they can be facilitated as well with regard to beekeeping and conservation activities.

Est-ce que l'Approche a amélioré l'égalité entre hommes et femmes et autonomisé les femmes et les filles?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Women also participate in beekeeping activities and honey production but not to a large scale as compared to men. This is because, this activity is preferred to be undertaken in forest reserves which are far from homes/villages and therefore making it unease for women participation.

Est-ce que l'Approche a encouragé les jeunes/ la prochaine génération d'exploitants des terres à s'engager dans la GDT?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Youth are fully engaged in beekeeping activities by assisting throughout the whole process thus learning beekeeping as well.

Est-ce que l'Approche a conduit à améliorer la sécurité alimentaire et/ou la nutrition?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Bee products that are produced are sold and therefore providing income to the family which ensures food accessibility.

Est-ce que l'Approche a conduit à améliorer l'accès à l'eau et l'assainissement?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup
Est-ce que l'Approche a conduit à des emplois, des opportunités de revenus?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Beekeeping provides employment opportunities to the beekeeper and other individuals.

6.2 Principale motivation des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT

  • augmenter la production

When production of bee products is increased, beekeepers are also influenced towards undertaking more related activities, e.g. vaue addition.

  • augmenter la rentabilité/ bénéfice, rapport coûts-bénéfices

When beekeeping activities provide profit to the beekeeper, motivation is provided to the beekeeper on practicing it sustainably and more profitably.

  • paiements/ subventions

Government support provided to beekeepers influences beekeeping practices.

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?
  • oui
Si oui, décrivez de quelle manière:

Beekeepers use locally available materials for undertaking their beekeeping activities from hives construction to honey processing.

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Provides sources of income to the family through the produced bee products.
Access to bee products which are used as food, medicines and sale as industrial ingredients of various products.
Pollination of crops when practicing on-farm beekeeping.
Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Effective means of conservation of trees and natural resources.
Ensures livelihoods improvements through diversified sources of household income.
A way of maintaining the traditional/cultural practices that have been practiced from previous generations.

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Climatic changes which affects beekeeping production. Beekeepers should be capacitated with skills on how to adapt to climate changes for assured production.
Encroachments by illegal human activities in potential areas for beekeeping affecting productions. Protections of forest and bee reserves should be strengthened so as to ensure bee feed availability.
Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Women participation in beekeeping productions within the value chain is still very low as compared to men. Promote on-farm beekeeping to women so that they can also participate in the production of bee products. Women should be influenced to participate on beekeeping activities.
Lack of enough capital by beekeepers for upscaling beekeeping practices in a modern way. Linking beekeepers to markets that will assure them good income and profit generation so to expand their activities and apply modern tools such as hives for increased productions.

7. Références et liens

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information

  • interviews/entretiens avec les exploitants des terres

Six members (informants) were involved.

7.3 Liens vers les informations pertinentes disponibles en ligne

Titre/ description:

HONEYBEE MANAGEMENT THROUGHOUT THE SEASONS

URL:

https://extension.psu.edu/honey-bee-management-throughout-the-seasons

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