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Approches
Inactif

Applied research and knowledge transfer [Maroc]

approaches_2355 - Maroc

État complet : 69%

1. Informations générales

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

2. Description de l'Approche de GDT

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

Innovative, cross-disciplinary community-based approach for development and transfer of no-till technology at the farm level.

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

Aims / objectives: After 15 years of on-station research at the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), testing and evaluation of no-till technology (NTT) at farm level started in 1997 with three pilot farmers. Recently two new projects were established to promote the introduction and adoption of NTT, in collaboration with the regional council and extension service of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA). Fourteen pilot farmers are now involved in NTT. The overall purpose is to promote no-till technology to restore soils, improve production, mitigate drought, increase wealth and strengthen farmers??? organisations. NTT has been shown to be socially, economically and ecologically adapted to the local conditions. The approach has three stages: (1) Initiation: this includes basic research, strategic research and applied research; (2) Consolidation: planning is followed by detailed evaluation of technology adoption on farmers' fields; (3) Maturity: this involves the acceptance/spread of NTT with an increased number of farmers in the future.

Methods: INRA carries out research, information dissemination, gives training to technicians and farmers, and provides both technical assistance and monitoring. The regional council was convinced by the technology and now financially supports research activities, drill manufacture and extension of NTT. It also facilitates contacts with decision makers and farmers, and carries out evaluations. MoA development and extension services provide financial support, advice, technical assistance, and logistical support to farmers: they help to make the drills available. NGOs are engaged in the development of local/regional networks and farmers’ associations, as well as in funding and providing incentives. Farmers themselves are involved in the implementation, evaluation and dissemination of NTT. Participation, cross-discipline and bottom-up planning are key elements of the approach. Methods for implementation include long-term community on-farm trials, on-site training and information exchange, participation of stakeholders, information dissemination tools, and multi-directional knowledge flow. These are supplemented by intensive measurement/monitoring schemes, establishment of local/regional networks and farmers' association creation. On-the-job training is also provided.

2.3 Photos de l'approche

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

Pays:

Maroc

Région/ Etat/ Province:

Chaouia/Ouardigha

2.6 Dates de début et de fin de l'Approche

Indiquez l'année de démarrage:

1997

2.7 Type d'Approche

  • fondé sur un projet/ programme

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities

- spread the no-till technology: thereby enhancing soil productivity and reducing susceptibility to land degradation. - develop the production of no-till drill machinery. - generally: to ameliorate the living conditions of rural people through enhancing expertise, capacities and knowledge of farmers in managing their soils and crops

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: - previous absence of an integrated research and extension programme. - lack of technical options in a harsh and risky environment. - underlying problems of land degradation and drought periods

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

normes et valeurs sociales/ culturelles/ religieuses
  • entrave

Over-reliance on traditions in soil management; attitudes of farmers towards conventional tillage need challenging through information about alternatives.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Training, video conferences, travelling workshops, etc.

disponibilité/ accès aux ressources et services financiers
  • entrave

Lack of specific funds, credit, loans for investment in new machinery

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Prioritise funds for no-tillage development

cadre institutionnel
  • entrave

Extension service are not well incorporated in the approach due to lack of knowledge/information on no-tillage

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Special Training program; change of institutional thinking upon no-tillage systems

cadre juridique (régime foncier, droits d'utilisation des terres et de l'eau)
  • entrave

lack of SWC-relatedl laws

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Recommendations on laws to cover SWC technologies.

The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights moderately hindered the approach implementation small size of field requires integration of farmers for using no-till drill and other equipment

connaissances sur la GDT, accès aux supports techniques
  • entrave

Lack of adapted machinery

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Promotion of no-till drill industry in Morocco

3. Participation et rôles des parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche
Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation passive Mainly:public meetings; partly: workshops/seminars; open days
planification soutien extérieur Mainly: workshops/seminars; partly: public meetings
mise en œuvre soutien extérieur Mainly: responsibility for minor steps; partly: casual labour
suivi/ évaluation soutien extérieur Mainly: interviews/questionnaires; partly: measurements/observations; field observations
Research interactive on-farm; demonstration plots

3.3 Diagramme/ organigramme (si disponible)

Description:

Institutional framework: Stakeholders and their roles: cross-disciplinary linkages between INRA, collaborating institutions and farmers.

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:
  • principalement les spécialistes de la GDT, après consultation des exploitants des terres
Expliquez:

Recognition of no-tillage as a pertinent technology by decision-makers at local, regional or national level (specialists and politicians / leaders) is due to important station results as well as to international call for promoting this technology

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users. No-tillage technology was under research and on farm trials (3 farmers) and showed very marked benefits, particularly during droughty years

4. Soutien technique, renforcement des capacités et gestion des connaissances

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Oui

Spécifiez qui a été formé:
  • exploitants des terres
  • extensionists/trainers, politicians/decision makers, planners
Formats de la formation:
  • sur le tas
  • zones de démonstration
  • réunions publiques
Thèmes abordés:

no-tillage system, weed control, machinery, cropping systems, crop variety

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Oui

Décrivez/ commentez:

Key elements: Participation of extension agents and farmers / observations (on the crop, weeds, disease, seeding condition, yield components), On-job training / open days (field days to make farmers and extension discuss questions / remarks regarding no till technology, Monitoring/Participatory; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system 2) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system; Extension staff: mainly government employees 3) Target groups for extension: land users; Activities: demonstration, field days, traveling workshops

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Extension Agents need training

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?
  • oui, modérément
Spécifiez à quel(s) niveau(x), ces institutions ont été renforcées ou mises en place:
  • local
Précisez le type de soutien:
  • financier
  • renforcement des capacités/ formation

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Commentaires:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

technical aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: None

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

area treated aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: None

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

management of Approach aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: None

There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: The evaluation is still in process: thus too early to state what changes are likely.

4.5 Recherche

La recherche a-t-elle fait partie intégrante de l’Approche?

Oui

Spécifiez les thèmes:
  • sociologie
  • technologie
  • agronomy
Donnez plus de détails et indiquez qui a mené ces recherches:

crop performance, soil analysis, no-till drill design and evaluation, socio-economic indexes of NTT.

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5. Financement et soutien matériel externe

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:
  • 100 000-1 000 000
Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (national - INRA/Ministry): 80.0%; local community / land user(s) (Regional Council): 20.0%

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Oui

Spécifiez les conditions (taux d'intérêts, remboursements, etc.):

repayment conditions: To promote the acceptance of the technology, farmers receive a 50% subsidy on the purchase price of the no-till drill (as is the general case for all types of drills)..

6. Analyses d'impact et conclusions

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

Est-ce que l'Approche a aidé les exploitants des terres à mettre en œuvre et entretenir les Technologies de GDT?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Better use of the rainwater stored in the soil by crops leads to improvement of soil and water management: increase in soil organic matter has multiple benefits.

Est-ce que l'Approche a amélioré les questions foncières et des droits d'utilisation qui entravent la mise en œuvre des Technologies?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

The land is a private property and can not be affected by no-tillage but with no-tillage farmers can rent or buy new lands for adoption of more no-tillage.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

This no-till system can now be considered for several different agroecological situations where a similar approach can be applied (e.g. flood control project, agro-forestry program, soil restoration project, etc.).

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?
  • oui
Si oui, décrivez de quelle manière:

Progress can continue to be made, assuming that training, subsidised drills, and the creation of farmers' organisations all persist.

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Adaptability to farmers needs/constraints (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Include integration of livestock and crops. This should be helpful to pursue in the approach)
Farmer's decisions, opinions, critics (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Bottom-up maintained (gradually))
Incentives make it possible for land users to experiment with a new cultivation system (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Diversification of incentives: eg reduction in seed prices and herbicides for NTT farmers; award - NTT best producers; reduction in interest rates for NTT farmers (for credits or loans); special NTT training courses.)
Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
The NTT project has integrated several institutions -which is unique in Morocco. Now research, extension, community and farmers are working together towards the same objective (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Further develop, refine and spread NTT)
NGOs development: the association of NTT farmers and environmental clubs are important for spreading NTT and for re-enforcing the importance of NTT amongst government officers and decision makers (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: special NGOs should be encouraged to respect soils, nature, environment)
Cross-discipline: involving land users, research and extension agents has helped in building up an approach suitable for the local conditions. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The working teams received also incentives and recognictions)
research connected to extension (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: research should be developed to get continuous measurements/information and to search new indexes and means)
Progressive implementation of a 'bottom-up' approach; integration of farmers' decisions, opinions and criticisms (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Farmers and their association are involved gradually in the approach and their critics, comments, feedbacks respected)

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Information availability: up to now information and communication on NTT is scarce intensify training of trainees
In some situations (farmers with very low incomes), the need for external inputs such as herbicides, seeds, fertilizers and drills may retard implementation of NTT Incentives should be maintained for a short period and supplemented by credit systems.
Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Direct incentives: there is always a risk that when eliminating these incentives, farmers will abandon NTT Eliminate incentives gradually and replace with loans and credits.
The programme's duration is currently too short to overcome resistance (to new technology adoption) and to address economic constraints of farmers A long term programme is needed to increase acceptance among farmers.

7. Références et liens

7.2 Références des publications disponibles

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Segry, L.; Bouzinac, S and Pieri, C. 1991: An Approach to the development of sustainable farming systems. World echnical papaer N-2, ISBRAM proceedings 1991

Wall et al, 2002, Institutional aspects of conservation agriculture, International workshop on conservation agriculture for sustainable wheat production, 14-18, october 2002, Tastikent, Usbekistan

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

p.wall@cgiar.org

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