1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

Nom du projet qui a facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

Carbon optimized land management strategies for southern Amazonia (CARBIOCIAL / GLUES)

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

Georg August Universität Göttingen (Georg August Universität Göttingen) - Allemagne

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

Christian Albrechts Universität zu Kiel (CAU) - Allemagne

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

François Rabelais University Tours - France

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso) - Brésil

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

01/01/2011

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.4 Références au(x) questionnaire(s) sur les Technologies de GDT

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

Enrichment of tropical agicultural soils with local available organic matter in the cerrado agroscape, Brazil.

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

Aims / objectives: Use local available organic matter (OM) to enrich Tropical agricultural soil (Ferrasol) as a strategy for sustainanle land use to improve efficiently soil fertility and/or crop production in the Brazilian Cerrado agroscape. The applied OMs are either cost-efficient or waste materials from nearby industrial suppliers.

Methods: We applied three different types of OM amendments. They include (a) Filter cake of sugarcane residues (Saccharum officinarum from alcohol/sugar-production, (b) sawdust of Peroba and Cedrinho (Peroba jaune and Erisma uncinatum, respectively) and (c) coarse chips of Eucalyptus sp.

We added 0 (control), 6, 12 and 18 tons of each amendment per hectare; using two disposition methods: direct on the soil and with harrow incorporation. Each treatment was done in triplicate. Subsequent to the first amendment application; there have not been further experimental OM additions. The experimental site was not fenced to allow the land user to continue with their arable field routines on all treatment plots.

By sampling soil and biomass, we have assessed the effect of OM addition on soil organic carbon, nutrients, water holding capacity and crop (soy and corn biomass and grain) production, after one, two and three years of a single application.



Stages of implementation: The experiment was set up in February 2012. The last soil and biomass sampling was carried out in February-March 2015.

Role of stakeholders: Mr. Antonio Huebner, owner of the Farm Rio Engano, provided us an experimetal area in his farm.
The local industies supplied the applied OM amendments.
Professors and researchers from the Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel (CAU Kiel), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT) and François Rabelais University have given academic and scientifical support to the approach.


Other important information: From our outcomes, we intend to provide information for the development of soil C-enrichment schemes and carbon-friendly landscape management programs for land users, applying local resources in the Brazilian Cerrado.

2.3 Photos de l'approche

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

2.6 Dates de début et de fin de l'Approche

2.7 Type d'Approche

• fondé sur un projet/ programme

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (crop production)

We aim to identify a feasible combination of types, amounts and disposition methods of OM amendments to improve efficiently soil fertility, carbon stock and/or crop production in the Brazilian Cerrado agroscape.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Croplands have shown a reduction of organic matter, due to some traditional agricultural practices, such as soil plowing and tillage. These practices break down soil aggregates and expose organic matter to microbial decomposition, causing its loss to the atmosphere by mineralization (Zech et al. 1997; Tivet et al. 2013). It is especially critical in soil (Ferrasol) from the Brazilian Cerrado, as its OM content is relatively low, and tropical temperatures and humidity accelerate microbial activity (Price and Sowers 2004).

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche

	Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales	Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation	auto-mobilisation	Carbiocial Project
planification	interactive	Carbiocial Project. Scientific team of the Subproject 06 (SP-06: Experimental C-Enrichment of Tropical Agricultural Soil With Organic Matter) and land owner and user
mise en œuvre	interactive	Carbiocial Project (SP-06) and land owner and user
suivi/ évaluation	interactive	Carbiocial Project (SP-06) and land owner and user
Research	auto-mobilisation	Carbiocial Project

3.3 Diagramme/ organigramme (si disponible)

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:

• principalement les spécialistes de la GDT, après consultation des exploitants des terres

Expliquez:

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Oui

Spécifiez qui a été formé:

• exploitants des terres

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Oui

Spécifiez si le service de conseils est fourni:

• dans les champs des exploitants?

Décrivez/ commentez:

Name of method used for advisory service: Direct communication by visiting the land user; Key elements: Dialogue, Exchange of ideas

Advisory service is very adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; The extension system is very adequate to ensure continuation of activities. The research staff from the Soil and Rural Eng. Department, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil have participated in this approach and plan to continue with research and monitoring activities.

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?

• oui, beaucoup

Spécifiez à quel(s) niveau(x), ces institutions ont été renforcées ou mises en place:

• local

Précisez le type de soutien:

• renforcement des capacités/ formation
• équipement

Donnez plus de détails:

In the frame of the Carbiocial Project, several students from the UFMT carried out their master or PhD thesis and undergraduate student got practical experience. Particularly, in SP-06 one student got his master degree. Different equipments were also donate to this university.

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Commentaires:

bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: Experimental site observation during sampling campaings by Carbiocial

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: Regularly sampling campaings of soil and biomass

economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: Ideas exchange with land user

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: assessment of grain and biomass crop production

There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation

There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation

4.5 Recherche

La recherche a-t-elle fait partie intégrante de l’Approche?

Oui

Donnez plus de détails et indiquez qui a mené ces recherches:

A detailed study on the enrichment effects of different organic matter types on soil carbon enrichment was undertaken (laboratory analysis of field samples). Further topics covered include sustainable land management and crop production.

By research staff from the Department of Applied Ecology, Institute for Ecosystem Research, CAU university of Kiel,
Germany; the Soil and Rural Eng. Department, Faculty of Agronomy, Veterinary Medicine, and Zootechnology (FAMEVZ),
Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil and the Interdisciplinary Research Center for Cities, Territories,
Environment and Society (CITERES-CNRS UMR 7324), François Rabelais University, Tours, France.


Research was carried out on-farm

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:

• 2 000-10 000

Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (Carbiocial Project): 100.0%; private sector (Donation of OM amendments); local community / land user(s) (Granted an experimental area on agricultural soil for at least 3 years)

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Oui

Si oui, spécifiez le(s) type(s) de soutien, les conditions et les fournisseurs:

Private sector provided OM amendments for soil enrichment

5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)

Si la main d'œuvre fournie par les exploitants des terres était un intrant substantiel, elle était:

• volontaire

Commentaires:

The land owner and user lent machinery for OM addition to soil. He also provided when possible, accomodation and food for the Cabiocial Project stuff during the approach implementation and monitoring

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Non

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

6.2 Principale motivation des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?

• oui

Si oui, décrivez de quelle manière:

• OM addition to tropical agricultural soil (Ferrasol) can increase significantly soil organic carbon and water retention, even in small amounts such as 6 ton/ha
• Biomass reapplication should be done in 2 years intervals
• The biomass type and disposition method did not have a significant effect on increasing soil organic carbon

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
The approach improves soil quality and could enhance crop resilience in dryer years.

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé

As this approach uses industrial biomass residues, we consider it a win-win solution for organic matter waste disposition and to improve soil quality. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The costs of transport and application can limit the extensive use of soil organic matter enrichment practices among land users in the Brazilian Cerrado. Therefore, subsidies could contribute to the adoption of this approach by a broader number of farmers.)

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres

Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?

The costs of OM transport and application

Mr. Antonio Huebner, the land owner and user in this approach, has been cultivating with soybean and corn rotation under conservational farming practices, i.e. no-tillage, for more than 20 years. He thinks a possible more economic alternative for this approach is to create soy and corn varieties which have more abundant foliage and the same capacity of grain production. In an approach that combines these varieties and no-tillage, the farmers could continue cultivating in their traditional way, without having to incur in extra costs due to application of OM amendments; however, increasing organic matter inputs to the soil.

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Lack of adequate machinery for OM addition	Designing or adapting machinery for this purpose.

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information

7.2 Références des publications disponibles

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Price PB, Sowers T (2004) Temperature dependence of metabolic rates for microbial growth, maintenance, and survival. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101:4631–4636

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Tivet F, De Moraes Sa JC, Lal R, Briedis C, Borszowskei PR, Bürkner dos Santos J, Farias A, Eurich G, Da Cruz Hartman D, Nadolny Junior M, Bouzinac S, Séguy L (2013) Aggregate C depletion by plowing and its restoration by diverse biomass-C inputs under no-till in sub-tropical and tropical regions of Brazil. Soil and tillage research, 126 :203-218

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Zech W, Senesi N, Guggenberger G, Kaiser K, Lehmann J, Miano TM, Miltner A, Schroth G (1997) Factors controlling humific G. ation and Mineralization of soil organic matter in the tropics. Geoderma 79 : 117-161