Vous utilisez probablement une version dépassée et inactive de ce dossier. Passez à la dernière version de ce dossier.
Approches
Inactif

Field days [Russie]

  • Création :
  • Mise à jour :
  • Compilateur :
  • Rédacteur :
  • Examinateur :

Полевой семинар

approaches_2617 - Russie

État complet : 86%

1. Informations générales

1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

Personne(s) ressource(s) clé(s)

Spécialiste GDT:
Spécialiste GDT:

Jelinek Ladislav

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

Spécialiste GDT:

Kasarjyan Milada

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

Spécialiste GDT:

Wust Andreas

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

Spécialiste GDT:

Bavorova Miroslava

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

Spécialiste GDT:

Herzfeld Thomas

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

Spécialiste GDT:

Imamverdiyev Nizami

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

Spécialiste GDT:

Hiller Karsten

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

Spécialiste GDT:

Kley Dorothee

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

Spécialiste GDT:

Illiger Patrick

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

Spécialiste GDT:

Frühauf Manfred

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

Nom du projet qui a facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)
Sustainable land management in the Russian steppes (KULUNDA / GLUES)
Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)
Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg) - Allemagne

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

19/07/2016

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.4 Références au(x) questionnaire(s) sur les Technologies de GDT

2. Description de l'Approche de GDT

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

Field days are events for regional stakeholders, mainly farmers in the study area, to discuss their demands regarding scientific help, and to be informed about the activities and results of new methods and technologies for conservation agriculture.

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

Aims / objectives: The approach aimed at raising awareness, encouraging exchange and communication for new sustainable land management (SLM) technologies including no-till and minimum till. The main goal - implementation of improved SLM technologies – was intended to be achieved through capacity building and strengthening of the acceptance of new technologies Field days, organized at a partner farm/ study site in Poluyamki (Mikhailovski Rayon), were a suitable framework for the achievement of this goal. Another objective of the field day is cooperation and networking between farmers, scientists, representatives of the regional politics and administration, and commercial companies. This stimulates the exchange of knowledge and the dissemination of new information about SLM - which is very important for the successful implementation and evolution of the technology.

Methods: For effective presentation of the minimum and no-till cropping systems to the public, and to give everyone present at the field day the opportunity to inform themselves about conservation measures, an information point was set up by the project. For spread of information about research activities, results and recommendations, posters were presented - and leaflets and brochures were handed out. In this way it was possible to promote knowledge transfer from the scientists to the farmers, and to receive feedback.

Stages of implementation: Furthermore, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge exchange and discussion was initiated about the results and recommendations, which were based on the presentations given in the community centre. Due to the participation of many important local stakeholder groups, the field day was a suitable platform to contribute to network-building. Also, among the participants were private companies working in the agrarian sector. The cooperation partner of the research project, the Amazone company, also made presentations. In the study site the new tillage systems are already working. Furthermore the test farm unit in Poluyamki has also started to implement no-till and minimum tillage systems on fields outside the test farm, on farmer’s fields that do not belong to the project’s research sites and are not under the control of the project staff.

Role of stakeholders: Farmers are the stakeholders of primary importance, since it is hoped they will take up and implement the conservation technologies. Therefore most participants during the field day were farmers. Those invited are interested in new technologies and have the necessary financial power to invest in new technologies. The chances of successful implementation in their farms are very good. Most of these farms already have experience in conservation technologies. In the investigation area, about 20-30% of land is already cropped/ cultivated under some form of conservation soil tillage.

2.3 Photos de l'approche

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

Pays:

Russie

Région/ Etat/ Province:

Altai Krai

Autres spécifications du lieu :

Mikhaylovski district / rayon

Commentaires:

Area of the test field: 0.13 km2

Total farmland, where the field day was organized: 250 km2

Whole investigation area, where the participants of the field day came from 80 000 km2

2.6 Dates de début et de fin de l'Approche

Indiquez l'année de démarrage:

2013

Date (année) de fin de l'Approche (si l'Approche n'est plus appliquée):

2016

2.7 Type d'Approche

  • fondé sur un projet/ programme

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Awareness raising for the importance of environmental as well as economic sustainability)

Improvement of technology adoption through: Awareness raising, knowledge exchange and transfer, capacity building

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: - Low agricultural production of conventional/ traditional farming systems
- Limited economic efficiency of conventional/ traditional cropping systems
- Lack of soil water and decrease of soil fertility under conventional/ traditional farming systems
- lack of technical knowledge to implement modern adapted technologies for cropping and cope with more extreme events such as drought

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

normes et valeurs sociales/ culturelles/ religieuses
  • entrave

Historically-caused low levels of trust among land users and other local stakeholder groups like education institutions or consulting services, among others, limits the adoption of “good farming practices”.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: The field days and exchange of practice – oriented knowledge increased the confidence of farmers. This constraint can be addressed by specifically targeted policies, e.g. provision of grants or credit for the establishment of producer groups.

disponibilité/ accès aux ressources et services financiers
  • entrave

High cost of new minimum and no-till machinery and difficult access to credits. Budget limitations are proportionately greater with smaller farms (highly variable yields reduce farm profitability, limited access to external funds)

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Subsidised interest rates for machinery. In 2015 machinery for no-till tillage was not susidized.
Demonstrate that environmentally friendly innovative farming technologies are profitable and worthwhile to invest in.

cadre institutionnel
  • entrave

Unfavourable framework conditions and low capacity of the administration to monitor the state of land and to enforce the soil protection law which would oblige land users to adopt conservation measures.


Treatment through the SLM Approach: The approach did not address this factor.

cadre juridique (régime foncier, droits d'utilisation des terres et de l'eau)
  • entrave

Unclear land use rights. High share of rented land. Missing incentives to stimulate land users to adopt conservation practices. Secure land use rights motivates to more conscious care for the land and stimulates farmers to adopt better practices.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: To make the best of private ownership, land users need to get a better concept of farming as a business. Strengthen the role of the ‘state redistribution of funding’ system (between different branches of the economy).

The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights moderately hindered the approach implementation There are still some legislative and administrative weaknesses that limit the full execution of the ownership rights (non-defined borders, lacking cadastral registration of some plots, missing owners, etc.). Furthermore, around half of the land utilized in Altai Krai is owned by the state (of that around 2 milion hectares are administered by the Redistribution Fund). Another aspect is the capacity of the state monitoring agency (State Veterinary and Phytosanitary Controls) to control the compliance of the rules provided the land use conditions are stricter.

connaissances sur la GDT, accès aux supports techniques
  • entrave

In Russia conventional / traditional cultivation still prevails. although market for no-till technologies is fully developed and functional. Various machinery companies either have branches or production units in Russia.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: More events where experience and results of min- and no-till can be shared and discussed.

3. Participation et rôles des parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

  • exploitants locaux des terres / communautés locales

Local farmers of the Altai Krai

  • organisations communautaires

Local farm cooperatives of the Altai Krai

  • Spécialistes de la GDT/ conseillers agricoles

Regional advisors and national SLM specialists and international specialist (KULUNDA scientists)

  • gouvernement local

Politicians of the territory level (Altai Krai) and district level Mikhayloski rayon.

  • Staff member of the project

German and Russian scientists of the project

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche
Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation interactive Experimental plots, demonstration plots and field days were held on land users farms
planification interactive
mise en œuvre interactive
suivi/ évaluation interactive
Research passive

3.3 Diagramme/ organigramme (si disponible)

Description:

The Field Day brings different stakeholder groups together and promotes new technologies and thus the implementation of conservation land use practices. This is through knowledge and exchange on resource-saving technologies.

Auteur:

Peter Liebelt

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:
  • principalement les spécialistes de la GDT, après consultation des exploitants des terres
Expliquez:

The SLM specialists of the the KULUNDA project mainly make the decisions on the choice of the SLM technology in cooperation with the farmers.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by Project staff. At the beginning of the project a large interview campaign with relevant local stakeholders was conducted by the scientists of the KULUNDA-project. Based on the survey results, a decision on the implementation measures were made by the scientific staff on the German and Russian site with consultation with local stakeholder groups .

4. Soutien technique, renforcement des capacités et gestion des connaissances

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Oui

Spécifiez qui a été formé:
  • exploitants des terres
  • personnels/ conseillers de terrain
Formats de la formation:
  • entre agriculteurs (d'exploitants à exploitants)
  • zones de démonstration
  • réunions publiques
Thèmes abordés:

Competitiveness of agricultural enterprises, ecologically and economically effective farm management through the use of resource-conserving crop production, costs for introducing modern tillage systems, personnel management, monitoring systems

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Oui

Spécifiez si le service de conseils est fourni:
  • dans les champs des exploitants?
Décrivez/ commentez:

Name of method used for advisory service: Field days for demonstration and exchange; Key elements: The field seminar was a suitable platform for knowledge exchange on agricultural production in the Kulunda steppe, Capacity building: On-field demonstration as well as poster and presentations of project results and recommendations. Discussions in the field as well as in the lecture room allowed to address individual stakeholder questions and to suggest solutions. ; Training events in the vocational centre as a suitable way for knowledge transfer to farmers and specialists (training for trainers) in agricultural sector and capacity building.

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; There is already mainly a governmental advisory structure. The consultants are able to make recommendations for soil conserving technologies. However, international expertise and the demand of consultation by the farmers is too low.

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Commentaires:

Bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: crop and weed development, field emergence
Bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: physical and chemical soil parameters as well as soil water
Technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: observation of the functionality of the soil conserving technologies, placement accuracy
Technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: fuel consumption, yield,
Socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: attitude
Economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: input costs (labour seed, fertilizer, pesticide yield, profit margin
No. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations
Management of Approach aspects were ad hoc monitored by None through observations
There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation

4.5 Recherche

La recherche a-t-elle fait partie intégrante de l’Approche?

Oui

Spécifiez les thèmes:
  • sociologie
  • économie/ marketing
  • écologie
  • technologie

5. Financement et soutien matériel externe

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:
  • 2 000-10 000
Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (German Ministry of Education and Research, BMBF): 50.0%; private sector (AMAZONE Company for land use technology): 50.0%

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Oui

Si oui, spécifiez le(s) type(s) de soutien, les conditions et les fournisseurs:

by the agricultural company 'AMAZONE'

5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)

  • équipement
Spécifiez les intrants subventionnés Dans quelle mesure Spécifiez les subventions
machines en partie financé
outils en partie financé
  • intrants agricoles
Spécifiez les intrants subventionnés Dans quelle mesure Spécifiez les subventions
semences en partie financé
fertilisants en partie financé
Si la main d'œuvre fournie par les exploitants des terres était un intrant substantiel, elle était:
  • volontaire

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Non

6. Analyses d'impact et conclusions

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

Est-ce que l'Approche a aidé les exploitants des terres à mettre en œuvre et entretenir les Technologies de GDT?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

The field day allowed the transfer of project-based results on the subject of conservation agriculture to the local farmers and other regional actors and promotes the implementation of new soil conserving methods and strategies in the research area by the farmers.

Est-ce que l'Approche a autonomisé les groupes socialement et économiquement défavorisés?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

The implementation of the technology is not primarily aimed at these issues.

Est-ce que l'Approche a amélioré les questions foncières et des droits d'utilisation qui entravent la mise en œuvre des Technologies?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

The problem is unlikely to be overcome in the near future.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

The field days motivated the farmers and land use specialists to implement the conservation technologies. There is no information about the number of farmers who implement as a result of the field days.

Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

By implementing the new conservation technologies the sustainability of farming systems in both the ecological and the economic sense increases.

Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

The implementation of the minimum till and no till technologies protect the soil as an important living and economic basis.

6.2 Principale motivation des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT

  • augmenter la production

To minimize fluctuations in yield and to secure yield through a higher sustainability

  • augmenter la rentabilité/ bénéfice, rapport coûts-bénéfices

Due to the higher profit margin

  • réduire la charge de travail

The reduction of workload is important especialy in terms of the large farm sizes.

  • paiements/ subventions
  • affiliation à un mouvement/ projet/ groupe/ réseaux

Affiliation with the KULUNDA project

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?
  • oui

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Opportunity for farmers to get information about new agricultural machinery and other products for implementing new conservation farming system (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: More intensive and profound consultation by agricultural companies regarding new conservation technologies.)
Exchange of experience in sustainable land use technologies between the farmers (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: More participating farmers and a constant exchange between not only on the field days)
Land user, specialists and advisers all get to know about new technical findings and basic research (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Regular meetings between the stakeholders. Inclusion of knowledgeable and successful farmers will increase the acceptance of the results presented.)
Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Network building - strengthening and extension of the stakeholder platform. This platform includes different stakeholder spheres: extension service, land users, those in education, scientists, other support systems (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: By inviting various stakeholder groups and by creating opportunities for communication between participants.)
Participation of land users allows farmer-to-farmer learning (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Inclusion of different stakeholders for broad knowledge transfer. Large number of visitors helps to disseminate knowledge.)

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Great organizational effort More external support of field days for farmers.
Because of the high number of participants and the time limit field days are not well suited for coaching of individual farmers Intensification of extension services. Initiation of additional events for advising.
Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Reconciliation of basic research and applied research Intensified cooperation between researchers and practitioners like farmers or agricultural companies
Limited duration of the project By enhancing continuity of measures that are independent of the project. Strategy to initiate and promote the engagement of local partners such as the agricultural university or farmer associations / groups.

7. Références et liens

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information

  • visites de terrain, enquêtes sur le terrain
  • interviews/entretiens avec les exploitants des terres

Modules