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Technologies
Inactif

Maize strip tillage [Suisse]

  • Création :
  • Mise à jour :
  • Compilateur :
  • Rédacteur :
  • Examinateur :

Streifenfrässaat

technologies_1009 - Suisse

État complet : 45%

1. Informations générales

1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de la Technologie

Personne(s)-ressource(s) clé(s)

Spécialiste GDT:
exploitant des terres:

Schneider Markus

+41 (0)62 963 26 26

schneider.agrar-service@gmx.ch

Schneider Agrarservice

Obergasse 20, 4922 Thunstetten, Switzerland

Suisse

exploitant des terres:

Bangerter Roland

+41 (0) 32 384 50 35

rol.bangerter@bluewin.ch

Gisleren, 3266 Wiler bei Seedorf, Switzerland

Suisse

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)
CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - Suisse
Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)
Bangerter-Gisleren - Suisse
Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)
Schneider Agrar-service - Suisse

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

30/10/2008

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

2. Description de la Technologie de GDT

2.1 Courte description de la Technologie

Définition de la Technologie:

Maize strip tillage is a technology used for corn cultivation. It cultivates only thoses stripes in which the seed is added to.

2.2 Description détaillée de la Technologie

Description:

Maize strip tillage is a soil-conservation method used in crop production. First of all the grass in the area needs to be prepared by splattering round-up some 3-10 days prior seeding. Then the actual maize strip tillage machine carves a stripe and the seed are inserted within this 30 cm strip. At the same time fertilizer is added on these cultivated stripes. Between those cultivated stripes the mulch-grass stripes (45cm) are unmechanised and protect the soil by increasing its stability. The work is done within one working unit compared to the traditional technique whereas the farmer needs to drive for each working step separately.
There are some clear ecological advantages using this technology. Like in a minimum tillage system the stability of the soil is enhanced.
Due to these mulch-stripes the matrix of the soil is more complex and therefore the stability is better especially during harvest in September. The interviewed farmer said compaction would occur less and the risk of soil erosion is decreasing. Especially in hilly areas the technology is suitable since soil erosion is a problems when using a plough. Another advantage is the better soil structure due to the mulch stripes and the minimal tillage ensures that the soil is more stable.
A high level of knowledge about the natural environment is a required when adopting this technology. On one hand, the farmer must time the date for seeding adequately to the natural conditions (not too humid). On the other hand, the farmer has to apply Glyphosphat one to three times after the seeding in order to guarantee an optimal growth period for the corn.The interviewed farmer found it problematic to use this amount of Glyphosat and he was not sure about the effects in the water. The timing to start seeding with this technology may be later cause corn is sensitive towards rival plants, low temperatures and humidity. When adopting the technology the farmer needs to have a certain level of knowledge and experience in order to guarantee a sound harvest.
This technology is applied in the village Seedorf (Canton Bern) after the farmers made positive experiences and if they see the economic advantages too. Generally there is only one work step needed for the seeding which lowers the costs compared to the traditional technology with about a third. Furthermore the subsidies of the canton of Berne enables farmers to apply this technology for the first 5 years. In this cycle the areas are usually left with grass first, second cultivated with corn (using maize strip tillage), then sugar beets and after all two years of cereals (wheat and rye) before the cycle starts again.

2.3 Photos de la Technologie

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où la Technologie a été appliquée et qui sont couverts par cette évaluation

Pays:

Suisse

Région/ Etat/ Province:

Seedorf

Autres spécifications du lieu:

Bern

Commentaires:

27.2 km2 are owned by the farmer whereas he is applying the technology on 5 km2. He said that he is hired as a contract worker and applies the technology on approximately 90 km2

2.7 Introduction de la Technologie

Commentaires (type de projet, etc.) :

A neighbouring farmer adapted the technology and after the first successful harvest Roland Bangerter bought a machine too some 5 years ago and started apply this technology.

3. Classification de la Technologie de GDT

3.2 Type(s) actuel(s) d'utilisation des terres, là où la Technologie est appliquée

Terres cultivées

Terres cultivées

  • Cultures annuelles
Commentaires:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): soil erosion in hillside areas

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): soil degradation in general

3.4 Groupe de GDT auquel appartient la Technologie

  • perturbation minimale du sol
  • mesures en travers de la pente

3.5 Diffusion de la Technologie

Commentaires:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 90 m2.

27.2 km2 are owned by the farmer whereas he is applying the technology on 5 km2. He said that he is hired as a contract worker and applies the technology on approximately 90 km2

3.6 Mesures de GDT constituant la Technologie

pratiques agronomiques

pratiques agronomiques

  • A1: Couverture végétale/ du sol
Commentaires:

Main measures: agronomic measures

Type of agronomic measures: cover cropping, retaining more vegetation cover, mulching, manure / compost / residues, rotations / fallows, minimum tillage

3.7 Principaux types de dégradation des terres traités par la Technologie

érosion hydrique des sols

érosion hydrique des sols

  • Wt: perte de la couche superficielle des sols (couche arable)/ érosion de surface
  • Wg: ravinement/ érosion en ravines
dégradation physique des sols

dégradation physique des sols

  • Pc: compaction
dégradation biologique

dégradation biologique

  • Bc: réduction de la couverture végétale
Commentaires:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Pc: compaction

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Bc: reduction of vegetation cover

Main causes of degradation: crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub) (the use of plough increases the danger of soil erosion)

3.8 Prévention, réduction de la dégradation ou réhabilitation des terres dégradées

Spécifiez l'objectif de la Technologie au regard de la dégradation des terres:
  • prévenir la dégradation des terres
  • réduire la dégradation des terres
Commentaires:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation

4. Spécifications techniques, activités, intrants et coûts de mise en œuvre

4.1 Dessin technique de la Technologie

4.2 Spécification/ explications techniques du dessin technique

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: improvement of topsoil structure (compaction), increase of infiltration

Secondary technical functions: improvement of ground cover, increase in organic matter

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: mulch stripes

Rotations / fallows
Remarks: a cultivation cycle of 5 year is needed

4.4 Activités de mise en place/ d'établissement

Activité Type de mesures Calendrier
1. Buying a 120 PS tractor Agronomique
2. Buying a machine for maize strip tillage Agronomique
3. buying a sowing machine Agronomique

4.5 Coûts et intrants nécessaires à la mise en place

Spécifiez les intrants Unité Quantité Coûts par unité Coût total par intrant % du coût supporté par les exploitants des terres
Equipements 120 PS tractor Farm 1,0 126000,0 126000,0 100,0
Equipements Machine for maize strip tillage Farm 1,0 165000,0 165000,0 100,0
Equipements Sowing machine Farm 1,0 12600,0 12600,0 100,0
Coût total de mise en place de la Technologie 303600,0

4.6 Activités d'entretien/ récurrentes

Activité Type de mesures Calendrier/ fréquence
1. Adding some round-up on the field one week before technology is applied Agronomique 1
2. Applying technology maize strip tillage Agronomique 1
3. Adding herbicide on the mulch stripes Agronomique 1-3
4. Harvest of corn Agronomique 1

6. Impacts et conclusions

6.7 Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités de la Technologie

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Prevention of erosion

How can they be sustained / enhanced? Maintain green cover.
Improvement of soil quality (fertility, organic matter, moisture retention, soil structure)

How can they be sustained / enhanced? Ensure that cover vegetation doesn’t compete with the vines; improve soil properties by applying mentioned agronomic measures.
Contribution to a better balanced and more stable ecosystem (with living space for a wider range of organisms)

How can they be sustained / enhanced? Specific management of cover crops (alternating treatment of inter-rows; find solutions to replace application of herbicide).
In the long-term economically beneficial because of cutting costs of restoration of soils and fertility loss after heavy erosion events.
Possibilities of farm income increase through marketing wine under the ‘vinatura’ label, certifying ecologically produced wine.

6.8 Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques de la Technologie et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
General competition of water and nutrients depending on climate, soil depth and species of cover vegetation Eliminate/reduce competitive effect of cover vegetation by cutting/mulching vegetation or ripping/ploughing soil.
Application of herbicides around vines because of undesirable vegetation in proximity of vine Find alternative solutions, or minimise application of herbicides.

7. Références et liens

7.2 Références des publications disponibles

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Güdel N . Boden- und Wasserkonservierung in Schweizer Rebbergen. Ein Beispiel im Rahmen von WOCAT. Unpublisheddiploma thesis.. 2003.

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Berne

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