1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

12/03/2004

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

2.1 Courte description de la Technologie

Définition de la Technologie:

Holistic demonstration includes integrated cultivation of Agri-Horti-Silvi technologies. Along with the Soil & water Conservation structures suitable to the site.

2.2 Description détaillée de la Technologie

Description:

Holistic demonstration was taken in the upper reach, middle reach and lower reach (2 hectares each) in a village in the watershed. The demonstration units includes soil & water consercvation structures also. Crop demonstration with integrated pest management, seed treatment, pitcher irrigation practices, varietal trails were implemented to increase the overall per capita income of the farmer. However, the suitable SWC was according to the site of lower reach/ upper reach or middle reach. The plot was accommodated with suitable field crops, horticultural species either on the bunds or in the fiels itself and some fodder crops, some forestry species etc.

Purpose of the Technology: The demonstration units now serve as the units of awareness brining in understanding the holistic approach and also to encourage the other farmers to replicate the same in their fields.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: (1) site selection with concerned farmer, (2) design and preparation of estimates by the project staff, (3) discussion with the VWDC and community, (4) discussion regarding contribution with the farmer (5) layout and construction by the project staff with the contribution from the concerned farmers.

Natural / human environment: This technology was taken up in the semi arid condition and in the erratic rainfall conditin.

2.3 Photos de la Technologie

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où la Technologie a été appliquée et qui sont couverts par cette évaluation

2.6 Date de mise en œuvre de la Technologie

Si l'année précise est inconnue, indiquez la date approximative: :

• il y a plus de 50 ans (technologie traditionnelle)

2.7 Introduction de la Technologie

Spécifiez comment la Technologie a été introduite: :

• par le biais de projets/ d'interventions extérieures

Commentaires (type de projet, etc.) :

Mainly from the SWC specialist

3.1 Principal(aux) objectif(s) de la Technologie

• améliorer la production
• réduire, prévenir, restaurer les terres dégradées

3.2 Type(s) actuel(s) d'utilisation des terres, là où la Technologie est appliquée

Commentaires:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Crop land : Low yields due to erosion, less soil moisture, shallow to medium soils. Poor and erratic rainfall, water holding capacity is less.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Crop land - Uncertain rainfall, more soil loss and poor yields.

Semi-nomadism / pastoralism: the village cattle are let free for grazing on the common land for some time in the day and they go back and then I is again stall feeding.

Plantation forestry: Yes

Other type of forest: others (scattered)

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: During kharif (monsoon) season the main crop is redgram (Tur), in addition few cereals were taken, followed by jowar in the major rabi (post-monsoon) crop. No cultivation was o\bserved in summer, farmer are now cultivating vegetable and fruit crop,

3.3 Informations complémentaires sur l'utilisation des terres

Approvisionnement en eau des terres sur lesquelles est appliquée la Technologie:

• pluvial

Commentaires:

Water supply: Also mixed rainfed - irrigated and post-flooding (both ranked 2)

Nombre de période de croissance par an: :

• 2

Précisez:

Longest growing period in days: 120 Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Oct Second longest growing period in days: 120 Second longest growing period from month to month: Nov - Feb

3.4 Groupe de GDT auquel appartient la Technologie

• perturbation minimale du sol
• lutte intégrée contre les ravageurs et les maladies (incluant l'agriculture biologique)
• gestion de l'irrigation (incl. l'approvisionnement en eau, le drainage)

3.5 Diffusion de la Technologie

Spécifiez la diffusion de la Technologie:

• répartie uniformément sur une zone

Si la Technologie est uniformément répartie sur une zone, indiquez la superficie couverte approximative:

• < 0,1 km2 (10 ha)

Commentaires:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.12 km2.

The technology area comprises of 2 ha area each in upper reach, middle reach and lower reach in a village of the watershed. In this area cultivation of agri-horti-silvi practices, agronomic trials, in-situ conservation etc were taken with active involvement of the the farmers.

3.6 Mesures de GDT constituant la Technologie

3.7 Principaux types de dégradation des terres traités par la Technologie

Commentaires:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Main causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify, poverty / wealth (lack of captial)

Secondary causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (other (migration)), labour availability (lack of labour, cost of labour), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge)

3.8 Prévention, réduction de la dégradation ou réhabilitation des terres dégradées

Spécifiez l'objectif de la Technologie au regard de la dégradation des terres:

• réduire la dégradation des terres
• restaurer/ réhabiliter des terres sévèrement dégradées

Commentaires:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 Dessin technique de la Technologie

4.2 Spécification/ explications techniques du dessin technique

Lower Reach holistic demonstration plot showing various soil & moisture conservation structures, field crops and bund stabilization by vegetation.

Location: Bennur-B nala watershed Chitapur taluk. Chitapur taluk, Gulbarga District (Karnataka state

Date: 20.4.2004

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: increase in organic matter, water harvesting / increase water supply, increase in soil fertility

Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, improvement of ground cover, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: saplings
Quantity/ density: 100
Remarks: layout

Contour planting / strip cropping
Material/ species: sapplings
Quantity/ density: 360
Remarks: layout

Legume inter-planting
Quantity/ density: 200
Remarks: layout

Agronomic measure: others (vermicompost)
Material/ species: material

Minimum tillage
Remarks: material

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Number of plants per (ha): 100
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 500

Trees/ shrubs species: Neem, Glyricdia, Pongamia, Bamboo

Fruit trees / shrubs species: Mango. Tamarind, Lime, Sapota, Clustard apple

Grass species: Napiar

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 3.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 2.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 1.00%

Dam/ pan/ pond
Vertical interval between structures (m): 4
Spacing between structures (m): 50
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 3
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 12
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 12
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 3
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 12
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 12

Bund/ bank: semi-circular/V shaped trapezoidal
Vertical interval between structures (m): 4
Spacing between structures (m): 50
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 3
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 50
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.9
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 3
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 50

Structural measure: pit, sediment sand / trap
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1
Spacing between structures (m): 30-40
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.3
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.3
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 6
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.9
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 3
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 50

Structural measure: other (brushwood dam)
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1
Spacing between structures (m): 80
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 6
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.9
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 0

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 1%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 2%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 1%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:10

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Change of land use type: Multidimensional participatory holistic farming system, fallow to cultivable land

4.3 Informations générales sur le calcul des intrants et des coûts

autre/ monnaie nationale (précisez):

Rupees

Indiquer le taux de change du dollars en monnaie locale (si pertinent): 1 USD= :

46,0

4.4 Activités de mise en place/ d'établissement

	Activité	Type de mesures	Calendrier
1.	Digging of pits	Végétale	Sumer
2.	Procurement of seed/ seedlings	Végétale	Before rainy season
3.	Sowing of grass, shrub seeds	Végétale	After first shower
4.	Planting of sappling	Végétale	After first shower
5.	Survey/ layout	Structurel	April
6.	Excavation of ditches	Structurel	may
7.	Transportation of stones to the site	Structurel	May
8.	Construction of bunds, farm pond	Structurel	may
9.	Construction of brushwood dam, doh	Structurel	June
10.	Training, capacity building of the farmer	Modes de gestion	february - March
11.	Establishment of sructural measures	Modes de gestion	April-June
12.	establishment of vegetative measures	Modes de gestion	July-September

4.5 Coûts et intrants nécessaires à la mise en place

	Spécifiez les intrants	Unité	Quantité	Coûts par unité	Coût total par intrant	% des coût supporté par les exploitants des terres
Main d'œuvre	Labour	ha	1,0	510,0	510,0	10,0
Matériel végétal	Seeds	ha	1,0	114,0	114,0	3,0
Matériel végétal	Seedlings	ha	1,0	169,0	169,0	74,0
Engrais et biocides	fertilizer	ha	1,0	157,0	157,0
Engrais et biocides	Biocides	ha	1,0	76,0	76,0
Engrais et biocides	Compost/manure	ha	1,0	15,0	15,0	10,0
Matériaux de construction	Stone	ha	1,0	110,0	110,0	3,0
Matériaux de construction	Wood	ha	1,0	10,0	10,0	3,0
Matériaux de construction	Earth	ha	1,0	26,0	26,0	2,0
Autre	Pitcher pots	ha	1,0	72,0	72,0
Coût total de mise en place de la Technologie					1259,0

Commentaires:

Duration of establishment phase: 36 month(s)

4.6 Activités d'entretien/ récurrentes

	Activité	Type de mesures	Calendrier/ fréquence
1.	Mulching	Agronomique	Summer / each cropping season
2.	Across slope ploughing	Agronomique	Summer / each cropping season
3.	In-situ maisture conservation	Agronomique	before sowing /
4.	Watering	Végétale	summer /once in 10 days
5.	Weeding, mulching	Végétale	2-3 months after planting /twice in a year
6.	Re-seeding of grass/ shrub	Végétale	before first shower /up to 2 years
7.	casualty replacement	Végétale	before first shower /1, 2, and 3rd years
8.	fencing	Végétale	during sumer period /every summer season of 2nd, 3rd and 4th year
9.	Repair of breaches in bund	Structurel	July to september/as required
10.	Desilting of traps	Structurel	October-November/annual
11.	Refresher interaction with farmer	Modes de gestion	/ seasonally
12.	Rgular meetings	Modes de gestion	/ as and when required

4.7 Coûts et intrants nécessaires aux activités d'entretien/ récurrentes (par an)

	Spécifiez les intrants	Unité	Quantité	Coûts par unité	Coût total par intrant	% des coût supporté par les exploitants des terres
Main d'œuvre	Labour	ha	1,0	51,0	51,0	100,0
Matériel végétal	Seeds	ha	1,0	11,1	11,1	100,0
Matériel végétal	Seedlings	ha	1,0	16,9	16,9	100,0
Engrais et biocides	Fertilizer	ha	1,0	15,7	15,7
Engrais et biocides	Biocides	ha	1,0	7,6	7,6
Matériaux de construction	Stone	ha	1,0	11,0	11,0	100,0
Matériaux de construction	Wood	ha	1,0	1,0	1,0	100,0
Matériaux de construction	Earth	ha	1,0	2,6	2,6	100,0
Autre	Pitcher pots	ha	1,0	7,2	7,2	100,0
Coût total d'entretien de la Technologie					124,1

4.8 Facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts

Décrivez les facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts :

Non availability of stones, boulders

5.1 Climat

5.2 Topographie

Commentaires et précisions supplémentaires sur la topographie:

Altitudinal zone: 101-500 m a.s.l. (422.8 m a.s.l.)
Landforms: Plateu/plains (3-4% slope, ranked 1), ridges (ranked 2)
Slopes on average: Gentle (3-4%)

5.3 Sols

Si disponible, joignez une description complète du sol ou précisez les informations disponibles, par ex., type de sol, pH/ acidité du sol, capacité d'échange cationique, azote, salinité, etc.

Soil depth on average: Moderately deep (60 cm, ranked 1) and deep (ranked 2)
Soil fertility: Medium (eroded soils)
Topsoil organic matter: Low (absence of vegetation)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Poor (high run-off from stony surface)
Soil water storage capacity: Very low

5.6 Caractéristiques des exploitants des terres appliquant la Technologie

Indiquez toute autre caractéristique pertinente des exploitants des terres:

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%
7% of the land users are average wealthy and own 26% of the land.
65% of the land users are poor and own 58% of the land.
28% of the land users are poor and own 16% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: Off season employment

5.7 Superficie moyenne des terres détenues ou louées par les exploitants appliquant la Technologie

5.8 Propriété foncière, droits d’utilisation des terres et de l'eau

Propriété foncière:

• individu, avec titre de propriété

Droits d’utilisation des terres:

• individuel

6.1 Impacts sur site que la Technologie a montrés

Impacts socio-économiques

Production

Revenus et coûts

Impacts socioculturels

Impacts écologiques

Sols

Biodiversité: végétale, animale

Réduction des risques de catastrophe et des risques climatiques

Autres impacts écologiques

6.2 Impacts hors site que la Technologie a montrés

6.4 Analyse coûts-bénéfices

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts de mise en place (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts d'entretien récurrents (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

6.5 Adoption de la Technologie

Si disponible, quantifiez (nombre de ménages et/ou superficie couverte):

452

Parmi tous ceux qui ont adopté la Technologie, combien d'entre eux l'ont fait spontanément, à savoir sans recevoir aucune incitation matérielle ou aucun paiement?

• 0-10%

Commentaires:

60% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

417 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

5% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

35 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Overall returns fro\m the piece of land is increased owing to horticulture and agriculture crops. Biomass increases. This is seen by other farmers and they are motivated to go for its adaption.

6.7 Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités de la Technologie

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Economic sustainability How can they be sustained / enhanced? vegetative and green manure vermicompost etc.

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Effective SWC How can they be sustained / enhanced? maibntenance by the individual farmers
water harvesting How can they be sustained / enhanced? Desilting structure
Integrated approach How can they be sustained / enhanced? regular contact
increased production How can they be sustained / enhanced? Integrated cultivation

6.8 Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques de la Technologie et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Production (benefits) adversly affected due to drought.	Due to longer dry spel in the area (last three years)

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Non-availability of agricultural improved seed material at local level	by linkage of VWDCs with the Agricultural Research Station and Krishi Vignyan Kendra.
conflicts	demands by more number of farmers could not be met by the project at a time.