1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de la Technologie

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

27/09/2002

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.5 Référence au(x) questionnaire(s) sur les Approches de GDT

2.1 Courte description de la Technologie

Définition de la Technologie:

Regeneration of degraded hill side using structural, vegetative & managerial measures.

2.2 Description détaillée de la Technologie

Description:

Managerial Measures : awareness generation amongst community, users groups, area closure, cut & carry system; Structural Measures :- contour trenches, gully plugs, sunken structure for run off and erosion control; Vegetative Measures :- seeding of grasses and shrubs, plantation of dryland fruit & forest tree species, vegetative barriers across slopes & gullies.

Purpose of the Technology: Short term benefits :- increased fodder availability, increase in well water levels, increased soil moisture in foot hill crop lands; Long term benefits :- environmental regeneration leading to increased production from non-arable & surrounding arable lands.

2.3 Photos de la Technologie

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où la Technologie a été appliquée et qui sont couverts par cette évaluation

2.6 Date de mise en œuvre de la Technologie

Si l'année précise est inconnue, indiquez la date approximative: :

• il y a moins de 10 ans (récemment)

2.7 Introduction de la Technologie

Spécifiez comment la Technologie a été introduite: :

• par le biais de projets/ d'interventions extérieures

Commentaires (type de projet, etc.) :

Learning from visits to successful watershed development projects.

3.1 Principal(aux) objectif(s) de la Technologie

• améliorer la production
• réduire, prévenir, restaurer les terres dégradées

3.2 Type(s) actuel(s) d'utilisation des terres, là où la Technologie est appliquée

Commentaires:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Grass land :- Degradation due to over grazing; Crop Land :- Low yeilds due to erosion, low soil moisture, improper cultivation practices on sloping lands.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Low yields of grass and crops

3.3 Informations complémentaires sur l'utilisation des terres

Approvisionnement en eau des terres sur lesquelles est appliquée la Technologie:

• pluvial

Commentaires:

Water supply: Also mixed rainfed - irrigated

Nombre de période de croissance par an: :

• 2

Précisez:

Longest growing period in days: 120 Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Oct Second longest growing period in days: 120 Second longest growing period from month to month: Nov - Mar

3.4 Groupe de GDT auquel appartient la Technologie

• fermeture de zones (arrêt de tout usage, appui à la réhabilitation)
• mesures en travers de la pente
• gestion des eaux de surface (sources, rivières, lacs, mers)

3.5 Diffusion de la Technologie

Spécifiez la diffusion de la Technologie:

• répartie uniformément sur une zone

Si la Technologie est uniformément répartie sur une zone, indiquez la superficie couverte approximative:

• 10-100 km2

Commentaires:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 79.33 m2.

The project area comprises 26 villages (2286 HH) mainly tribal. A significant portion of the area is uncultivable waste which is used for open grazing. The technology "Silvi-Pasture" was implemented in few villages to demonstrate an integrated system of SWC and production.

3.7 Principaux types de dégradation des terres traités par la Technologie

Commentaires:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Ha: aridification

Main causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (Social causes - Lack of awareness and mobilisation amongst the communities.), Top down approach (Macro planning rather than micro (village level) planning.)

4.1 Dessin technique de la Technologie

4.2 Spécification/ explications techniques du dessin technique

Technical Drawing of SWC technology area, Tikhipada

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap

Secondary technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard

Trees/ shrubs species: Jatropha, Salai, Neem, Lantana

Fruit trees / shrubs species: Awla (goose berry)

Grass species: Stylo Hemata, Dicanthus(Dinanath)

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 35.00%

Construction material (earth): Excavation of earth for trenches/ditchs/pans

Construction material (stone): Stone plugs in gullies

Construction material (other): Vegetative support to stone plugs & ditches

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 35%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Change of land use type: land use planning - Silvi Pasture

Change of land use practices / intensity level: land use change - Area Closure

Control / change of species composition: livestock management - Cut & carry system

Other type of management: Management by community( User Group)

4.3 Informations générales sur le calcul des intrants et des coûts

autre/ monnaie nationale (précisez):

Rupees

Indiquer le taux de change du dollars en monnaie locale (si pertinent): 1 USD= :

48,85

4.4 Activités de mise en place/ d'établissement

	Activité	Type de mesures	Calendrier
1.	Digging of plantation pit	Végétale	Summer
2.	Procurement of seeds, plants	Végétale	Before rainy sesion
3.	Sowing of grass & shrub seeds	Végétale	Before Ist shower
4.	Planting of saplings	Végétale	After Ist heavy shawer
5.	Survey/Layout	Structurel	April (summer)
6.	Excavation of ditches	Structurel	May
7.	Transportation of stones to site	Structurel	May
8.	Construction of sediment/sand trap	Structurel	May
9.	Excavation of Pan(Doh)	Structurel	May 2nd year
10.	Discussion with community & exposure visit	Modes de gestion	Feb
11.	Formation of users group, meeting, preparation of action plan	Modes de gestion	March
12.	Establishment of structural measures & training of users group	Modes de gestion	April-Jun
13.	Establishment of vegetative meassures	Modes de gestion	July-Sep.
14.	Area Closure	Modes de gestion	April-Oct.
15.	Harvesting & distribution of grass by users group	Modes de gestion	Oct.-Nov.

4.5 Coûts et intrants nécessaires à la mise en place

Commentaires:

Duration of establishment phase: 24 month(s)

4.6 Activités d'entretien/ récurrentes

	Activité	Type de mesures	Calendrier/ fréquence
1.	Weeding , mulching	Végétale	2-3 month after planting /Twice in year for Ist 2 year
2.	Watering	Végétale	Dry season /During prolonged dry spells
3.	Reseeding of grass/shrubs	Végétale	Before Ist shower /Upto 2 years
4.	Casualty replacement	Végétale	After Ist heavy shower /Year 1 & II
5.	Repair of breaches in ditches/traps	Structurel	July-Sep. during mansoon/As required
6.	Construction of additional traps	Structurel	July-Sep. during mansoon/As required
7.	Desilting of Ditches/traps/Pans	Structurel	Oct.-Nov. after mansoon/Annually
8.	Refresher training of users group	Modes de gestion	Seasonally /
9.	Regular meeting of users group	Modes de gestion	/ 3 times/year
10.	"Shramdan" ( Voluntary labour by usersfor maintenance)	Modes de gestion

4.7 Coûts et intrants nécessaires aux activités d'entretien/ récurrentes (par an)

Commentaires:

The treatment covered an area of aroung 10 ha. 1- Contour Trenches - 6000 Rmt. 2- Large Boulder Check - 58 3- Small Boulder Check - 55 4- Dugout - 1 No. 5- Doh - 1 No. Seeding with jatropha, stylo and dinanath. Planting of saplings.

4.8 Facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts

Décrivez les facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts :

1- Slope : - Due to steep slope , interval between contour trench lines was less; 2- Soil Depth : - Due to stony strata, excavation cost was high; 3- Material : - Boulders were transported from outside. 4- Lead/Lift : - Due to steep slope, labour output was less 5- Drought :- Replantation costs were high

5.1 Climat

5.2 Topographie

Commentaires et précisions supplémentaires sur la topographie:

Landforms: Hill slopes (ranked 1) and ridges (ranked 2, isolated hillcock)
Slopes on average: Steep (ranked 1, conical Shaped hillock - upper slope > 30%) and hilly (ranked 2, conical Shaped hillock - lower slope < 30%)

5.3 Sols

Si disponible, joignez une description complète du sol ou précisez les informations disponibles, par ex., type de sol, pH/ acidité du sol, capacité d'échange cationique, azote, salinité, etc.

Soil depth on average: Very shallow (highly eroded surface, exposed parent rock)
Soil texture: Coarse/light (weathered fragments(Kopra))
Soil fertility: Very low (absence of soil)
Topsoil organic matter: Low (absence of vegetation)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Poor (high runoff from stony surface)
Soil water storage capacity: Very low (high runoff from stony surface)

5.6 Caractéristiques des exploitants des terres appliquant la Technologie

Indiquez toute autre caractéristique pertinente des exploitants des terres:

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2
18% of the land users are average wealthy (4 H.H.).
59% of the land users are poor (13 H.H.).
23% of the land users are poor (5 H.H.).
Off-farm income specification: Around 10% of the total income is from paid labour/migration

5.8 Propriété foncière, droits d’utilisation des terres et de l'eau

Propriété foncière:

• communauté/ village

Droits d’utilisation des terres:

• communautaire (organisé)

6.4 Analyse coûts-bénéfices

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts de mise en place (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts d'entretien récurrents (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

6.5 Adoption de la Technologie

Commentaires:

15% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

340 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Elemets of the technology have been adopted by land users eg. SWC, grass improvement. There is tremendous pressure on grass land due to large number of local cattle & goats, migratory herds of camel & sheeps. Hence spontaneous adoption is not observed since community mobilisation is essential as also efforts for user rights.