1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de la Technologie

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)

Central Soil & Water Conservation Research & Training Institute - Inde

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)

Sahid Laxman Naik Development Society - Inde

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)

IDCWDP (IDCWDP) - Inde

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

20/08/2004

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.5 Référence au(x) questionnaire(s) sur les Approches de GDT

2.1 Courte description de la Technologie

Définition de la Technologie:

Dugout sunken pond with catchment treatment.

2.2 Description détaillée de la Technologie

Description:

(1) Total size of the project area = 4.75 Ha.
(2) Different structures taken up in the project area are
(i) Brushwood check dam- 6 Nos.
(ii) Drop structure- 8 Nos.
(iii) Dugout sunken pond - 1 No.
(3) All the above structures were positioned to ridge to valley treatment
(Ref.QT-6/2.1.2/a)

Purpose of the Technology: 1) Storage of runoff for cattle and human use.
2) Construction of structures to check soil erosion and sand casting.
3) Pisciculture.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Establishment :-
1) SWC specialist selected sites for dugout sunken pond, layout the design.
2) SWC specialist also selected sites for drop structures, brushwood check
dams in gullied portion of project area with reference to vertical interval
of slope gradient and space between structures.
3) The execution of work were done by concerned villagers on payment basis.
4) During execution, 20% of the total cost of the dugout sunken pond was
contributed by the villagers in shape of labour.
5) Training on technical know how imparted to the villagrs during execution
of pond, bund, drop structure and brush wood check dam.
Maintenance:-
1) The dugout sunken pond requires (a) Desiltation once in two years (b)
Repair of earthern bund around inlet and outlet every year.
2) The drop structure & brushwood check dams requires little maintenance when
ever requires.
3) One management group has formed in the same village & funds has been
raised by doing pisciculture in the pond.
4) The management group is taking major reponsibility for its maintenance.

Natural / human environment: (1) Drainage line stablilized (2) Adjuscant area cultivated (3) Users group
formed and pisciculture taken up for the Ist time in the village.

2.3 Photos de la Technologie

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où la Technologie a été appliquée et qui sont couverts par cette évaluation

2.6 Date de mise en œuvre de la Technologie

Si l'année précise est inconnue, indiquez la date approximative: :

• il y a moins de 10 ans (récemment)

2.7 Introduction de la Technologie

Spécifiez comment la Technologie a été introduite: :

• par le biais de projets/ d'interventions extérieures

Commentaires (type de projet, etc.) :

National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Area (NWDPRA)

3.1 Principal(aux) objectif(s) de la Technologie

• améliorer la production

3.2 Type(s) actuel(s) d'utilisation des terres, là où la Technologie est appliquée

Commentaires:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion):
1) A fellow, undulating, gullied piece of land.
2) Acute sand casting at the down stream cropland.
3) About 40% of the project area were practicing local paddy which suffers from erratic rainfall.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): A piece of land which depends upon the mercy of the Rain God for annual production.

3.3 Informations complémentaires sur l'utilisation des terres

Approvisionnement en eau des terres sur lesquelles est appliquée la Technologie:

• pluvial

Nombre de période de croissance par an: :

• 1

Précisez:

Longest growing period in days: 150 Longest growing period from month to month: Jul - Nov

3.4 Groupe de GDT auquel appartient la Technologie

• récupération/ collecte de l'eau
• apiculture, aquaculture, élevage de volailles, de lapins, du ver à soie, etc.

3.5 Diffusion de la Technologie

Spécifiez la diffusion de la Technologie:

• répartie uniformément sur une zone

Si la Technologie est uniformément répartie sur une zone, indiquez la superficie couverte approximative:

• < 0,1 km2 (10 ha)

Commentaires:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.0475 km2.

A fellow, understanding, gullied piece ofland selected for the technology which suffers from sand casting and uncertainity of rain.

3.6 Mesures de GDT constituant la Technologie

3.7 Principaux types de dégradation des terres traités par la Technologie

Commentaires:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Main causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes - Coordination of traditional method of agricultural practices like along the slope, use of long term local varieity of seeds etc.), poverty / wealth (lack of captial)

Secondary causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (Erosion problem), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge), Common social practices

3.8 Prévention, réduction de la dégradation ou réhabilitation des terres dégradées

Spécifiez l'objectif de la Technologie au regard de la dégradation des terres:

• prévenir la dégradation des terres
• réduire la dégradation des terres

Commentaires:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 Dessin technique de la Technologie

4.2 Spécification/ explications techniques du dessin technique

Aerial view of dugout sunken pond

Location: Siadimal, Korkonda. Malkangiri/Orissa/ India

Date: 15.3.2005

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap

Secondary technical functions: reduction of slope angle, water harvesting / increase water supply, Control of sand casting

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.15
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.45

Vegetative measure: In earthern bund slope
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): Compact
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 3.7

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Grass species: Vertivera and local grass slods

Structural measure: Sediment/Sand/Trap/brushwood check dam
Vertical interval between structures (m): 0.6
Spacing between structures (m): 10
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.6
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.5
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 3

Structural measure: Sediment/Sand/Trap/ drop structure
Vertical interval between structures (m): 9
Spacing between structures (m): 15
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.05
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 5.3
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 3

Structural measure: Dam/Pan/Dugout sunken pond
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 28/26/24/22
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 28/26/24/22

Structural measure: Bund/Trapizoidal
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.85
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.50+8.9/2
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 157

Construction material (earth): Soil excavated from pond is used to built bund around pond.

Construction material (stone): Inlet and outlet of pond and drop structure are made up of stone

Construction material (wood): Brush wood check dams are made up of wooden poles and bush wood.

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 3%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:41

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

4.3 Informations générales sur le calcul des intrants et des coûts

autre/ monnaie nationale (précisez):

Rupee

Indiquer le taux de change du dollars en monnaie locale (si pertinent): 1 USD= :

45,0

4.4 Activités de mise en place/ d'établissement

	Activité	Type de mesures	Calendrier
1.	Collection grass sods and vertivera slips	Végétale	beginning of rainy season
2.	Transporting grass sods on established banks	Végétale	beginning of rainy season
3.	Watering	Végétale	When dry in Ist. Season
4.	Dugout sunken pond-Surveying	Structurel	Summer season
5.	Dugout sunken pond- soil excavated from pondage area used in trapizodical bund around leaving inlet & outlet portion.	Structurel	Summer season
6.	Dugout sunken pond- Collection and transporting stone to inlet & outlet site	Structurel	Summer season
7.	Dugout sunken pond- construction of inlet & outlet with stone	Structurel	Summer season
8.	Dugout sunken pond- collection of local grass sods & vertiver slops	Structurel	Onset of rain
9.	Dugout sunken pond- turfing the bund slopes and planting of vertiver slips in rows at up stream and down steam side of inlet and outlet	Structurel	On set of rain
10.	Brushwood check dam- surveying	Structurel	Summer season
11.	Brushwood check dam- collection of wooden poles and brush wood	Structurel	Summer season
12.	Brushwood check dam- collection of picked up stones	Structurel	Summer season
13.	Brushwood check dam- fixing of wooden pole, weiving with brush wood, filling up the gaps with picked up stones	Structurel	Summer season
14.	Brushwood check dam- collection of vertiver slips and planting in upstream and downstream of each structure	Structurel	On set of rain
15.	Drop structure- surveying	Structurel	Summer season
16.	Drop structure- collection & transportation of stones to work spot	Structurel	Summer season
17.	Drop structure- construction of drop structure with stones	Structurel	Summer season
18.	Drop structure- collection of vertiver slips and planting at up stream and down stream of structure	Structurel	On set of rain

4.5 Coûts et intrants nécessaires à la mise en place

	Spécifiez les intrants	Unité	Quantité	Coûts par unité	Coût total par intrant	% des coût supporté par les exploitants des terres
Main d'œuvre	Labour	ha	1,0	225,0	225,0	14,0
Equipements	Animal traction	ha	1,0	49,0	49,0
Equipements	Tools	ha	1,0	4,0	4,0
Autre	Royalty charges for stones	ha	1,0	6,0	6,0
Autre	Fishery and feed	ha	1,0	9,0	9,0
Autre	Field bunding	ha	1,0	73,0	73,0	100,0
Autre	Water way	ha	1,0	6,0	6,0	100,0
Coût total de mise en place de la Technologie					372,0

4.6 Activités d'entretien/ récurrentes

	Activité	Type de mesures	Calendrier/ fréquence
1.	Collecting vertiver slips & grass sods for gap filling	Végétale	Onset of rain /annual
2.	Collection of grass sods and gap fillling to bund layers	Structurel	On set of rain/Annualy
3.	Desiltation	Structurel	Before on set of rain/Biannualy

4.7 Coûts et intrants nécessaires aux activités d'entretien/ récurrentes (par an)

	Spécifiez les intrants	Unité	Quantité	Coûts par unité	Coût total par intrant	% des coût supporté par les exploitants des terres
Main d'œuvre	Labour	ha	1,0	18,0	18,0	100,0
Autre	Field bunding	ha	1,0	2,0	2,0	100,0
Autre	Water way	ha	1,0	1,0	1,0	100,0
Coût total d'entretien de la Technologie					21,0

Commentaires:

The above calculation is based on the total establishment/ recurring cost both born by the project and land users is devided by the total project area i.e 4.75 ha. To get average hect. cost.

4.8 Facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts

Décrivez les facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts :

Availability of stone affects the cost from implementing SWC

5.1 Climat

5.2 Topographie

Commentaires et précisions supplémentaires sur la topographie:

Altitudinal zone: 101-500 m a.s.l. (423 m a.s.l.)
Landforms: Plateau/plains (2-7% slope)

5.3 Sols

Si disponible, joignez une description complète du sol ou précisez les informations disponibles, par ex., type de sol, pH/ acidité du sol, capacité d'échange cationique, azote, salinité, etc.

Soil fertility: Medium
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good
Soil water storage capacity: Medium

5.6 Caractéristiques des exploitants des terres appliquant la Technologie

Indiquez toute autre caractéristique pertinente des exploitants des terres:

Population density: < 10 persons/km2
Annual population growth: < 0.5%
30% of the land users are average wealthy and own 60% of the land.
70% of the land users are poor and own 40% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: Land users from SWC technology area proctise contour plough, line sowing and using HYV paddy have increased their income significantly.
Level of mechanization: Manual labour and aniaml traction (bullock plough, both ranked 1)
Market orientation of production system: Pisciculture (Selling at village level)

5.7 Superficie moyenne des terres détenues ou louées par les exploitants appliquant la Technologie

5.8 Propriété foncière, droits d’utilisation des terres et de l'eau

Propriété foncière:

• communauté/ village

Droits d’utilisation des terres:

• accès libre (non organisé)

6.1 Impacts sur site que la Technologie a montrés

Impacts socio-économiques

Production

Disponibilité et qualité de l'eau

Impacts socioculturels

Impacts écologiques

Cycle de l'eau/ ruissellement

Sols

Autres impacts écologiques

6.2 Impacts hors site que la Technologie a montrés

6.4 Analyse coûts-bénéfices

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts de mise en place (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts d'entretien récurrents (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

6.5 Adoption de la Technologie

Parmi tous ceux qui ont adopté la Technologie, combien d'entre eux l'ont fait spontanément, à savoir sans recevoir aucune incitation matérielle ou aucun paiement?

• 90-100%

Commentaires:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

19 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: If the community find the technology is low cost to teke up and gets eye catching benefits, then the treand of adoption is good.

6.7 Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités de la Technologie

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Water problem for human and cattle solved How can they be sustained / enhanced? Regular maintenance of pond needed
Damage of crops reduced by construction of series of structures How can they be sustained / enhanced? More field bunding, vegetative cover should be imparted.
Users group brings villagers closure How can they be sustained / enhanced? Manageent group to be reorganised annuly

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Water scarcity of the area partly solved How can they be sustained / enhanced? Regular desilting shound be done.
Heavy sand casting and soil loss controled How can they be sustained / enhanced? More vegetative cover required for catchement area
Crop production increased in the project area How can they be sustained / enhanced? Should be replicated by the people.
Pisciculture added extra income to the villagers How can they be sustained / enhanced? Hybrid fingerlings to be adopted

6.8 Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques de la Technologie et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Sand casting could not be checked fully	By full vegetative cover and more structural measures it can be checked.
Sediment deposit in down stream area decreased	The loss can be over come by increasing crop yield.

7.2 Références des publications disponibles

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Watershed Survey Report

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

Director of Soil Conservation, Orissa, Bhubaneswar

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Plan and Estimate

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

-do-