1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de la Technologie

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)

INIDA (INIDA) - Cap-Vert

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.4 Déclaration sur la durabilité de la Technologie décrite

Est-ce que la Technologie décrite ici pose problème par rapport à la dégradation des terres, de telle sorte qu'elle ne peut pas être déclarée comme étant une technologie de gestion durable des terres?

Non

2.1 Courte description de la Technologie

Définition de la Technologie:

Vegetative measure based on the planting of the bush, Leucaena leucocephala, on line along the level curves in the steep slopes

2.2 Description détaillée de la Technologie

Description:

The technique consists of planting rows of Leucaena leucocephala in the level curves along the slopes. This legume has high rate of reproduction and the permanence of their seeds in the soil can reach 10 years before germination. It is very resistant to fire and to pruning. Can reach 4m in height and if not controlled, can invade a field of culture. The plant has great potential for feeding of livestock (protein (21-26% DM), fiber (15-25% of crude cellulose MS) vary depending on the age of the plant)

Purpose of the Technology: The planting in curves level is to achieve the stabilization and restoration of degraded soil. The technique reduces the runoff, retain sediment, solid, incorporates greater quantity of organic matter in the soil, promotes infiltration and covering the soil with vegetation.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Its installation requires a medium level of technical knowledge to marking the curves level where it will install. Planting is done in a simple way of transplanting a plant nursery to the ground. It is easy to spread a culture, its management after the fruit must be rigorous, ensuring that the fields become invasive. The early harvest fruit is an option to take into consideration when implementing this technique. The bar between the plant is 1m and the distance between the bands is associated with 5m.Sometimes it is ssociated with olds small punch to rehabilitating that structure.

Natural / human environment: The top of the slopes where they practice pluvial agriculture is more susceptible to soil erosion because of its steep slopes and the inappropriate cultivation techniques carried out there, is the area of higher prevalence of this technique. The production of Leucaena is used both for animal feed as a source for energy (firewood).

2.3 Photos de la Technologie

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où la Technologie a été appliquée et qui sont couverts par cette évaluation

2.6 Date de mise en œuvre de la Technologie

Si l'année précise est inconnue, indiquez la date approximative: :

• il y a entre 10-50 ans

2.7 Introduction de la Technologie

Spécifiez comment la Technologie a été introduite: :

• par le biais de projets/ d'interventions extérieures

Commentaires (type de projet, etc.) :

It was introduced by FIDA project around 1990.

3.1 Principal(aux) objectif(s) de la Technologie

• améliorer la production
• réduire, prévenir, restaurer les terres dégradées
• créer un impact économique positif

3.2 Type(s) actuel(s) d'utilisation des terres, là où la Technologie est appliquée

Commentaires:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The loss of soil by runoff, influenced by its low coverage, reducing their fertility and their thickness
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): The loss of soil by runoff, low productive soils, low organic matter

3.3 Informations complémentaires sur l'utilisation des terres

Nombre de période de croissance par an: :

• 1

Précisez:

Longest growing period in days: 90, Longest growing period from month to month: Aug - Oct

3.4 Groupe de GDT auquel appartient la Technologie

• Amélioration de la couverture végétale/ du sol
• mesures en travers de la pente

3.5 Diffusion de la Technologie

Commentaires:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 4.8 km2.
The technology is used, mostly in arid and semi arid zones, mainly in the sous bassins of the Godim. In sous bassins of Longueira has been increasingly important.

3.6 Mesures de GDT constituant la Technologie

Commentaires:

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -linear

3.7 Principaux types de dégradation des terres traités par la Technologie

Commentaires:

Main causes of degradation: soil management (It is cultivated corn and peanuts on land slopes very pronounced and boot up the plants by the root in end of the cycle), disturbance of water cycle (infiltration / runoff) (There are many crusts exposed, because of loss of soil, reducing infiltration of water), poverty / wealth (Leads sensitized peoples to advocate action against the landscape for survival of the family), education, access to knowledge and support services (Knowledge and technical training increase the options for means of survival of the community that acts on the forest, the degree of attending school is low and the illiteracy rate is 17%)

Secondary causes of degradation: overgrazing (Creation of the wild animals compact the soil, destroying the structures for the conservation of soil and water exists, and creates conflict), Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts) (Sometimes heavy rains (intensity) that occur associated with poor vegetation cover, increase soil erosion), governance / institutional (Lack of applicability of the laws that manage the land)

3.8 Prévention, réduction de la dégradation ou réhabilitation des terres dégradées

Spécifiez l'objectif de la Technologie au regard de la dégradation des terres:

• prévenir la dégradation des terres
• réduire la dégradation des terres

4.2 Spécification/ explications techniques du dessin technique

Barreiras Vivas of Leucaena. Shows the coverage of the soil made by its roots.

Location: Praia. Cabo Verde

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate (It's needed sufficient knowledge to make a mark in level curves)
Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting
Secondary technical functions: control of raindrop splash, reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length, increase in organic matter, increase of infiltration

Aligned: -linear
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 5000
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 3-5
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.4

Trees/ shrubs species: Leucaena leucocephala
Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 30-60%
Gradient along the rows / strips: 50%

4.3 Informations générales sur le calcul des intrants et des coûts

autre/ monnaie nationale (précisez):

ECV

Indiquer le taux de change du dollars en monnaie locale (si pertinent): 1 USD= :

80,0

4.4 Activités de mise en place/ d'établissement

	Activité	Type de mesures	Calendrier
1.	Market of the level curves(5 to 5m)	Végétale	June
2.	Planting	Végétale	end July

4.5 Coûts et intrants nécessaires à la mise en place

	Spécifiez les intrants	Unité	Quantité	Coûts par unité	Coût total par intrant	% des coût supporté par les exploitants des terres
Main d'œuvre	Labour	ha	1,0	171,85	171,85
Equipements	Tools	ha	1,0	62,5	62,5	100,0
Matériel végétal	Seedlings	ha	1,0	3750,0	3750,0
Coût total de mise en place de la Technologie					3984,35

Commentaires:

Duration of establishment phase: 2 month(s)

4.6 Activités d'entretien/ récurrentes

	Activité	Type de mesures	Calendrier/ fréquence
1.	Harvest of the leucaena fruits before theirs ripening	Végétale	1 time, in November
2.	Pruning	Végétale	1 time in April to May

4.7 Coûts et intrants nécessaires aux activités d'entretien/ récurrentes (par an)

	Spécifiez les intrants	Unité	Quantité	Coûts par unité	Coût total par intrant	% des coût supporté par les exploitants des terres
Main d'œuvre	Labour	ha	1,0	6,24	6,24	100,0
Equipements	Tools	ha	1,0	5,0	5,0	100,0
Coût total d'entretien de la Technologie					11,24

Commentaires:

Machinery/ tools: Cavale used to level the surfaces; Knife; machete

4.8 Facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts

Décrivez les facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts :

The cost of seedlings is the more diterminate cost, but the seedlings is produced by the project in arboretum, before de planting when it,s transplanted to the soil. The cust of the production in arboretum is more less than the seedlings cust.

5.1 Climat

5.2 Topographie

Commentaires et précisions supplémentaires sur la topographie:

Altitudinal zone: 101-500 m a.s.l. (Ranked 1, this value belonging to the stratum semi-arid to sub-humid) and 501-1000 m a.s.l. (ranked 2, includes mainly the cliffs and ridges)
Landforms: Mountain slopes (ranked 1, technique applied to both concave and convex situations) and ridges (ranked 2, the hazards associeted of a convex situations, does not allow its application in)
Slopes on average: Steep (ranked 1, the SE-NE part of Ribeira Seca is the most sloping) and hilly (ranked 2)

5.3 Sols

Si disponible, joignez une description complète du sol ou précisez les informations disponibles, par ex., type de sol, pH/ acidité du sol, capacité d'échange cationique, azote, salinité, etc.

Soil depth on average: Very shallow (ranked 1, this depth is associated with the sloping hillsides used for rainfull agriculture) and shallow (ranked 2, found mainly in the valley bottoms of the downstream)
Soil texture: Medium (ranked 1, the soil texture varies with the physiographic position of the area. The Argyle decreases when climbs the slopes(15,4 to 15); the lime also decreases - fine lime (15,3 to 14,6), thick lime (11,0 to 9) and coarse/light (ranked 2, the soil overlay mainly basaltic rocks, piroclastic, conglomerates and aluvial deposits)
Soil fertility: Medium (ranked 1) and low (ranked 2)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium (ranked 1, It's compatness coefficient is 1,31) and good (ranked 2)
Soil water storage capacity: Medium

5.4 Disponibilité et qualité de l'eau

Commentaires et précisions supplémentaires sur la qualité et la quantité d'eau:

Ground water table: 5-50m (Ranked 1, in rain months, it is more superficial than in the dry months) and <50m (ranked 2)
Availability of surface water: Poor/none (It existe just when it's raining)
Water quality (untreated): poor drinking water (treatment required, salinization of water due to over exploitation of wells and boreholes, ranked 1) and good drinking water (ranked 2)

5.5 Biodiversité

Commentaires et précisions supplémentaires sur la biodiversité:

In the occidental side of the área, where the hotspot, the landscape is greener and much rich in species (fauna and flora). Nevertheless, on the side facing W or the oriental side, the ecosystems are

5.6 Caractéristiques des exploitants des terres appliquant la Technologie

Indiquez toute autre caractéristique pertinente des exploitants des terres:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: 200-500 persons/km2
Annual population growth: > 4%
(With income supirior than $10000 by year).
(Income more or equal than $7500 by year).
(Income equal or less than $3750 by year).
(Income less than $2000 by year).

Off-farm income specification: The land users who apply the technology are mostly exclarecidas and more young people than those who did not implement the technique
Market orientation: Subsistence (ranked 1, it's produced by the poors end very poor land users) and mixed (ranked 2, The majurity of thats production is maked by the richs end the average land users)
Level of mechanization: Manual labour (ranked 1, it's used the family manual labour to the farms works in subsistence production) and mechanised (ranked 2, it´s not much used because it's expensive, and so much land are not gatway to them)

5.7 Superficie moyenne des terres détenues ou louées par les exploitants appliquant la Technologie

5.8 Propriété foncière, droits d’utilisation des terres et de l'eau

Propriété foncière:

• état
• individu, avec titre de propriété

Droits d’utilisation des terres:

• individuel

Droits d’utilisation de l’eau:

• communautaire (organisé)
• individuel

Commentaires:

The land uses is majurity esed by the sistem of rent a farm. Low percentage of owners, is land users of theirs area

5.9 Accès aux services et aux infrastructures

6.1 Impacts sur site que la Technologie a montrés

Impacts socio-économiques

Production

Revenus et coûts

Impacts socioculturels

Impacts écologiques

Cycle de l'eau/ ruissellement

Sols

Réduction des risques de catastrophe et des risques climatiques

Autres impacts écologiques

6.2 Impacts hors site que la Technologie a montrés

6.3 Exposition et sensibilité de la Technologie aux changements progressifs et aux évènements extrêmes/catastrophes liés au climat (telles que perçues par les exploitants des terres)

Changements climatiques progressifs

Changements climatiques progressifs

	Saison	Type de changements/ extrêmes climatiques	Comment la Technologie fait-elle face à cela?
températures annuelles		augmente	bien

Extrêmes climatiques (catastrophes)

Catastrophes météorologiques

	Comment la Technologie fait-elle face à cela?
tempête de vent locale	bien

Catastrophes climatiques

	Comment la Technologie fait-elle face à cela?
sécheresse	pas connu

Catastrophes hydrologiques

	Comment la Technologie fait-elle face à cela?
inondation générale (rivière)	bien

6.4 Analyse coûts-bénéfices

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts de mise en place (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts d'entretien récurrents (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

Commentaires:

The maintenance costs occur in the some time with the benefits of the tecnique are feeling by the land user

6.5 Adoption de la Technologie

Si disponible, quantifiez (nombre de ménages et/ou superficie couverte):

375 households and 100% of the area covered

Commentaires:

85% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
320 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
Comments on acceptance with external material support: The maintenance costs occur in the some time with the benefits of the tecnique are feeling by the land user

15% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
53 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
Comments on spontaneous adoption: Someone who have implimented the tecnology with external support, today, they make it in others parcels of land voluntarily, like some others that never receive any external support

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology
Comments on adoption trend: There are some land users that don't like that tecnology, but 80% who implement it says that it's ggod and that thesecret is a good manegement

6.7 Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités de la Technologie

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Stabilizes the soil, and increases the organic matter
Provides forage green almost all year for cattle. Once dead, produces firewood

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Retencion of sidement
Soil stabilization and improvement of its structure

6.8 Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques de la Technologie et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Reduction in of the cultivation area , when the Leucaena invade the field.	Be always alert to the operations of Leucaenas punch.

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Requires a strict maintenance, so that they are spread and infest the entire agricultural field	Technical assistance to farmers, warning them, through community radio stations, the arrival of the harvest season of the pods of Leucaena and the other cultural operations due
Its control is extremely difficult and costly in terms of resistance to the kind of garden and fire
It can generate conflict between users of adjacent land , because its propagacion is easy

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information

7.2 Références des publications disponibles

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Cape Verde water and soil consevation/ Sabino, António Advino,1984

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

Cape Verde

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Desertification at the Santiago Island, Desire, 2008

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

Cape Verde

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

QUIBB 2007, INE, 2007

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

Cape Verde