1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de la Technologie

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.4 Déclaration sur la durabilité de la Technologie décrite

Est-ce que la Technologie décrite ici pose problème par rapport à la dégradation des terres, de telle sorte qu'elle ne peut pas être déclarée comme étant une technologie de gestion durable des terres?

Non

2.1 Courte description de la Technologie

Définition de la Technologie:

Is the digging of a farrow measured 0.6 width by 0.6 depth along the contour line and embankment of the excavated soils on the upper side at the slope <2% and upper side at the slope >5% in the banana, beans inter croped fields.

2.2 Description détaillée de la Technologie

Description:

Contour bund combined with Sessbania sesseban, beans and manure technology in banana production is the digging and excavation of a 60cm wide by 60co deep furrow, plated Sessbania sessban along the contour bund, application of farm yard manures in a 30cm deep by 60 cm wide furrow at 30cm from the banana stool and plating beans in the space between bunds. The technology is applied on Perennial (non-woody) cropping system, supported with rain fed to prevent and mitigate land degradations. The production mode is mixed (subsistence and commercial. The technology impact should be observed on controlled soil erosion by water, reduced declining soil fertility, and increased water infiltration. To implement this technology, a total of US$ 100.41 establishment costs per hectare and US% 1,076.47 maintenance costs per hectare per year according to the introduction of the technology in 2012 By TAMP –Kagera. Small ruminants rearing are the supportive measures of the technology.

Purpose of the Technology: The major purpose of the technology is land degradation prevented in 50 ha, crop and livestock production increased by 10% to contribute on food security and livelihood improvement with a SLM. Technically the technology should control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, reduction of slope length, stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), increase in organic matter, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling) and increase of water infiltration.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The establishment activities includes:- First, identification and demarcation of contour line done manually using simple tool (A-frame); this is done in May. Second is the digging of a 0.6m width and 0.6m depth furrow, excavation the soils and place them on the upper side (at the smaller slope) and lower side (at the bigger slope) along the contour using chisel hand hoes, fork hand hoes spades and mattock; this is done in June. Third is to drill two rows of Sessbania sesban seeds, spaced 0.3 m between the rows; this is done in late September. Fourth is the thinning of Sessbania sesban seedlings at the average space of 15cm done manually; this is done when the seedling is at the height of. The maintenance activities include; First is to weed the whole field done manually using local made tools (kahosho); this is done twice in January to February and June to August. Second is to apply farm yard manures in the furrow of 0.3 m deep by 0.6m wide cultivated 0.60 m from the banana stool and facing the granddaughter sucker; this is done early July. Third is desuckering and detrushing of banana stools using local made tools (kihosho and rwabyo) and machete; this is done twice (February and September).Fourth is to plant beans done manually using local made tool (kahosho; this is done in March and September. Fifth is the harvesting of beans and hauling done manually; this is done twice (June and early February). Sixth is cleaning of the furrow done manually using spades; this is done twice at the end of rain seasons (January and December). Finally, harvesting of banana and Sessbania sessban is done according to the market demand.

Natural / human environment: The physical environment is characterized of sub humid climatic zone, 750-1000 mm rain falls, 1000-1500 m.a.s.l, hill slopes land form with gentle slope. The soil texture is medium (loam), Soil fertility is medium, topsoil organic matter is medium (1-3%) and soil drainage/infiltration is medium. The soil water storage capacity is medium, ground water table is 5 - 50 m, availability of surface water is medium and water quality is poor drinking water. This technology is tolerant of seasonal rainfall decrease, droughts / dry spells while sensitive to heavy rainfall events (intensities and amount). The land users applying the technology are individual / household, Small scale land users, common / average land users. The Land ownership is communal / village, individual, not titled . The Land use rights is communal (organised), and/or individual. The water use rights is open access (unorganised). The relative level of wealth is categorized as rich, which represents 4% of the land users and own 34% of the total area. The average category, which represents 64% of the land users own 64% of the total area. The poor category, which represents 32% of the
land users owns 2% of the total area.

2.3 Photos de la Technologie

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où la Technologie a été appliquée et qui sont couverts par cette évaluation

Pays:

Tanzanie

Région/ Etat/ Province:

Tanzania

Autres spécifications du lieu:

Bukoba District council

Commentaires:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.002 km2.
The technology applied in a 0.5 acre as FFS site in the host farmer land one year past. However, the period is too short for adoption process to take place.

Map

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2.6 Date de mise en œuvre de la Technologie

Si l'année précise est inconnue, indiquez la date approximative: :

• il y a moins de 10 ans (récemment)

2.7 Introduction de la Technologie

Spécifiez comment la Technologie a été introduite: :

• par le biais de projets/ d'interventions extérieures

Commentaires (type de projet, etc.) :

The technology introduce by TAMP -Kagera using FFS in 2012.

3.1 Principal(aux) objectif(s) de la Technologie

• améliorer la production
• réduire, prévenir, restaurer les terres dégradées
• créer un impact économique positif

3.2 Type(s) actuel(s) d'utilisation des terres, là où la Technologie est appliquée

Terres cultivées

• Cultures annuelles
• Cultures pérennes (non ligneuses)
• Plantations d’arbres ou de buissons

Cultures annuelles - Précisez les cultures:

• céréales - maïs
• légumineuses et légumes secs - fèves
• plantes à racines et à tubercules - patates douces, igname, taro, colocase, autres

• Sessbania sessban

Plantations d'arbres et d'arbustes - Précisez les cultures:

• avocat
• café, cultivé en plein champ
• fruits à coque (noix du Brésil, pistaches, noyers de bancoule, amandes)

Nombre de période de croissance par an: :

• 2

Précisez:

Longest growing period in days: 120, Longest growing period from month to month: September to December Second longest growing period in days: 90 Second longest growing period from month to month: March to May

Commentaires:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The majoe land use problems related to soil, water and vegetation in the area were soil erosion, low water soil infiltration and declining soil nutrients.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Moisture stress and low productivity.

3.4 Approvisionnement en eau

Approvisionnement en eau des terres sur lesquelles est appliquée la Technologie:

• pluvial

3.5 Groupe de GDT auquel appartient la Technologie

• agroforesterie
• gestion intégrée de la fertilité des sols

3.6 Mesures de GDT constituant la Technologie

pratiques agronomiques

• A1: Couverture végétale/ du sol
• A2: Matière organique/ fertilité du sol

pratiques végétales

• V2: Herbes et plantes herbacées pérennes

structures physiques

• S2: Diguettes, digues

Commentaires:

Type of agronomic measures: temporary trashlines, legume inter-planting, manure / compost / residues
Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -contour

3.7 Principaux types de dégradation des terres traités par la Technologie

érosion hydrique des sols

• Wt: perte de la couche superficielle des sols (couche arable)/ érosion de surface

dégradation chimique des sols

• Cn: baisse de la fertilité des sols et réduction du niveau de matière organique (non causée par l’érosion)

Commentaires:

Main causes of degradation: soil management (Cultivation along the slope), crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub) (continous harvesting perennial crops without fertilizing the soil.), change of seasonal rainfall (seasonal rainfall is unpredictable now days.), droughts (The area experienced a drought period averaged 155 days.), population pressure (Increased population resulted presure on land, while the responce is cultivation in marginal lands.), poverty / wealth (Poor farmers can not afford to invest in land conservation due to its nature of longterm investment.), education, access to knowledge and support services (Most of farmers received primary education where land concervation is not taught. Further more there is inadequate staffing of Agriculture advisors.)

3.8 Prévention, réduction de la dégradation ou réhabilitation des terres dégradées

Spécifiez l'objectif de la Technologie au regard de la dégradation des terres:

• prévenir la dégradation des terres
• réduire la dégradation des terres

4.1 Dessin technique de la Technologie

4.2 Informations générales sur le calcul des intrants et des coûts

autre/ monnaie nationale (précisez):

Tshs

Indiquez le taux de change des USD en devise locale, le cas échéant (p.ex. 1 USD = 79.9 réal brésilien): 1 USD = :

1700,0

4.3 Activités de mise en place/ d'établissement

Commentaires:

Lifespan of tools: 5 years

4.4 Coûts et intrants nécessaires à la mise en place

Commentaires:

Duration of establishment phase: 15 month(s)

4.5 Activités d'entretien/ récurrentes

4.6 Coûts et intrants nécessaires aux activités d'entretien/ récurrentes (par an)

Commentaires:

The costs were calculated on plant population (banana 1111) per hector as well as length of the bund (sebania spps 6762)

4.7 Facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts

Décrivez les facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts :

The most determinate factor is labour (US$ 308.25/799.92).

5.1 Climat

5.2 Topographie

5.3 Sols

Si disponible, joignez une description complète du sol ou précisez les informations disponibles, par ex., type de sol, pH/ acidité du sol, capacité d'échange cationique, azote, salinité, etc.

Soil fertility: Medium and low
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium
Soil water storage capacity: Medium

5.4 Disponibilité et qualité de l'eau

Commentaires et précisions supplémentaires sur la qualité et la quantité d'eau:

Availability of surface water: Medium (In dry season all ponds dry of while in rain season some ponds overflows)
Water quality: Poor drinking water (treatement required, surface water during rainy season and ground (spring water) during dry season)

5.5 Biodiversité

Commentaires et précisions supplémentaires sur la biodiversité:

Earthworms, ants, grasshoppers etc.

5.6 Caractéristiques des exploitants des terres appliquant la Technologie

Indiquez toute autre caractéristique pertinente des exploitants des terres:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: < 0.5%
Relative level of wealth: rich, average, poor

4% of the land users are rich and own 34% of the land.
64% of the land users are average wealthy and own 64% of the land.
32% of the land users are poor and own 2% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: The off-farm income is less than 10% for land users who applied the technology because the opportunity cost of implementing the technology is absconded from off-farm activites.
Market orientation: Mixed (banana, beans and maize are for subsistence and commercial while coffee if for commecial purely)
Level of mechanization: Manual work (using handoes and forkhoess)

5.7 Superficie moyenne des terres utilisées par les exploitants des terres appliquant la Technologie

5.8 Propriété foncière, droits d’utilisation des terres et de l'eau

Propriété foncière:

• communauté/ village
• individu, sans titre de propriété

Droits d’utilisation des terres:

• communautaire (organisé)
• individuel

Droits d’utilisation de l’eau:

• accès libre (non organisé)

5.9 Accès aux services et aux infrastructures

6.1 Impacts sur site que la Technologie a montrés

Impacts socio-économiques

Production

Revenus et coûts

Impacts socioculturels

Impacts écologiques

Cycle de l'eau/ ruissellement

Sols

Biodiversité: végétale, animale

6.2 Impacts hors site que la Technologie a montrés

6.3 Exposition et sensibilité de la Technologie aux changements progressifs et aux évènements extrêmes/catastrophes liés au climat (telles que perçues par les exploitants des terres)

Extrêmes climatiques (catastrophes)

Catastrophes météorologiques

Catastrophes climatiques

Commentaires:

The technology is tolerant of seasonal rainfall decrease, droughts / dry spells while sensitive to heavy rainfall events (intensities and amount). In case of sensitivity spillways on bands is considered to be the best modification.

6.4 Analyse coûts-bénéfices

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts de mise en place (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts d'entretien récurrents (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

Commentaires:

The short term returns (annual farm income) is slightly negative compared with establishment costs while the long term returns anticipated being very positive in the long term returns ( cumulative farm income) due to reduced establishment costs.
The short term return is slightly positive compared with maintenance costs while the long-term return is anticipated to be very positive due increased land productivity.

6.5 Adoption de la Technologie

• 1-10%

De tous ceux qui ont adopté la Technologie, combien d'entre eux l'ont fait spontanément, à savoir sans recevoir aucune incitation matérielle, ou aucune rémunération? :

• 0-10%

Commentaires:

9% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
13 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
Comments on acceptance with external material support: 3 participants as host farmer provided with farm inputs during FFS.

13 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
Comments on spontaneous adoption: No body has adopted, because the technology has been introduce in late 2012.

There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology
Comments on adoption trend: The technology implementation is still young to be adopted.

6.7 Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités de la Technologie

6.8 Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques de la Technologie et moyens de les surmonter

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information