ការព័ណ៌នាសង្ខេបចំពោះការអនុវត្តន៍ដែលល្អៗ

In the tested area one of the main problems in terms of LDD is soil erosion, which is accelerated with hymnal activities (cultivation, irrigation, fertilizing with mineral fertilizers etc.). As a result an intensive degradation of land is occurring. Most prone areas to the land degradation (soil erosion and depletion of organic matter) are locations where the perennial crops (vineyards, orchards) are established, with plant rows oriented down slope. In order to mitigate this types of land degradation, cultivation of cover crops between the rows is implemented in order to change the cultivation practices (no tillage), to mulch the organic mater from cover crops in order to increase the SOM and to conservate soil moisture and to protect the soil surface from the distortion of soil practices from rain drops.  |

ទីតាំង

Central part of the country (Veles, Negotino, Gevgelija|

ការព័ណ៌នាសង្ខេបនៃបរិស្ថានធម្មជាតិនៅក្នុងតំបន់ជាក់លាក់

The topography of the central part of the country is heterogeneous with smaller heights of the surrounding mountains, unlike the other parts of the country. The inclinations are mild, and the vertical diversification is not strong. In terms of geology the prevailing geological formations are alluvial, colluvial and clastic sediments.|
Climate is sub-mediterranean or modified continental, with hot and dry summers (up to 420C), and wet and mild winters. Annual precipitation is between 350-500 mm. Rainfall regime is unfavorable with long dry periods and intensive rainfalls which cause torrential flow and intense soil erosion. Evapotranspiration is high due to what intensive irrigation is needed during the vegetative period|
Soils are typical for this geological and climatic conditions. Soils are mainly formed on alluvial and colluvial sediments, or silicate and carbonate flish in the upper hills. Predominant soil types are: coluvial soils, alluvial soils, rendzinic soils and vertic soils. Soils are deep, with good chemical and physical properties. The only limiting factor in some cases is lack of organic matter, phosphorus and trace elements.|

លក្ខណ្ឌសេដ្ឋកិច្ចសង្គមនៃការរស់នៅក្នុងតំបន់ និង ក្បែរតំបន់

Main source of income is from agriculture and food and metal industry.
Land is predominantly private. In the past decade, the Ministry of Agrciculture, Forestry and Water economy is giving the state owned agricultural land to private farmers on a concession for a period of 30-50 years.|
The income level of the population in the tested areas is on a national average (250 euro).

កំណត់បញ្ហាចំបងៗដែលបានដោះស្រាយតាមរយៈការអនុវត្តដែលល្អ

1. accelerated soil erosion in vineyards and orchards
2. accelerated mineralization of soil organic matter
3. intensive evapotranspiration and loss of soil moisture

ចំណុចសំខាន់ៗជាក់លាក់នៃបញ្ហាការធ្លាក់ចុះគុណភាពដីដែលត្រូវបានដោះស្រាយតាមរយៈការអនុត្តន៍ដែលល្អ

In the area of implementation of best practices, an intensive agricultural activities are taking place, which lead to appearance of some types of LD, e.g. soil erosion and loss of most fertile top layer, depletion of organic matter which is directly connected with distortion of soil particles and worsening of soil water and physical properties, intensive surface water flow (run-off), intensive evaporation and intense water deficiency which have to be compensated with intensive irrigation.|

សូមបញ្ជាក់ទិសដៅនៃការអនុវត្តន៍ដែលល្អ

1. to change the traditional way of land management
2. to increase the awareness of the primary producers on LDD

ការព័ណ៌នាសង្ខេបនៃសកម្មភាពសំខាន់ៗ ទៅតាមទិសដៅរបស់វា

1. introducing of no-tillage system, with growing of cover crops. Several types of annual or perennial crops will be grown, or mixtures of grasses, depending of the cultivar and soil and climatic conditions.  |
1. organic matter from cover crops will be mulched and introduced into the soil every year, in order to increase soil organic matter.
2. new technologies of irrigations scheduling and improvement of water use efficiency will be intordised (e.g. FWC determination, soil moisture monitoring with tensiometers etc.).|

ការព័ណ៌នាសង្ខេប និងភាពជាក់លាក់នៃបច្ចេកទេស

In the tested area one of the main problems in terms of LDD is soil erosion, which is accelerated with hymnal activities (cultivation, irrigation, fertilizing with mineral fertilizers etc.). As a result an intensive degradation of land is occurring. Most prone areas to the land degradation (soil erosion and depletion of organic matter) are locations where the perennial crops (vineyards, orchards) are established, with plant rows oriented down slope. In order to mitigate this types of land degradation, cultivation of cover crops between the rows is implemented in order to change the cultivation practices (no tillage), to mulch the organic mater from cover crops in order to increase the SOM and to conservate soil moisture and to protect the soil surface from the distortion of soil practices from rain drops.  |

ឈ្មោះ និងអាសយដ្ឋានរបស់ស្ថាប័នដែលបង្កើតបច្ចេកទេស

Faculty of Agricultural Sciencies and Food, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje|bul. ALeksadar Makedonski b.b., 1000, Skopje, Macedonia|Institute of Agriculture, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje|bul. ALeksadar Makedonski b.b., 1000, Skopje, Macedonia|Non Governmetal ORganisation - Riral Development Netvork of Macedonia|ul. Orce Nikolov 186 1/8, Skopje, Macedonia

តើបច្ចេកទេសត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងក្នុងភាពជាដៃគូដែរឬទេ?

ទេ

សូមបញ្ជាក់ពីរបៀបនៃការលើកទឹកចិត្តឳ្យអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស

• គំនិតផ្តួចផ្តើមដោយកម្មវិធី/គម្រោងជាមូលដ្ឋាន

តើមានការចូលរួមរបស់ភាគីពាក់ព័ន្ធក្នុងតំបន់ រួមទាំង CSOs ជំរុញក្នុងការអភិវឌ្ឍន៍បច្ចេកទេសនេះដែរ ឬទេ?

ទេ

តើប្រជាជនដែលរស់នៅក្នុងតំបន់ និងក្បែរតំបន់ /ឬប្រជាជនក្បែរតំបន់ចូលរួមក្នុងការបង្កើតឬអភិវឌ្ឍន៍បច្ចេកទេសដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

តើតាមមធ្យោបាយអ្វីខ្លះ?

• វិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយដោយមានការចូលរួម

សូមព័ណ៌នាផលប៉ះពាល់ក្នុងបរិវេណអនុវត្ត (ផលប៉ះពាល់ពីរសំខាន់ៗទៅតាមផ្នែក)

Preservation of soil properties affected by accelerated soil erosion and depletion of organic matter, as well as irrigation water saving|
Increased production will have an direct impact on the total income of the farmers and improvement of their economical situation and social status.
With introducing of cover crops into the regular system of soil management of perennial agricultural crops, major impact on productivity will be in terms of preservation of soil fertility and optimisation of soil water availability to the plants, which on the other side have an significant impact on|

សូមព័ណ៌នាផលប៉ះពាល់ខាងក្រៅបរិវេញអនុវត្តចំនួនពីរ (ឧ.មិនមែនកើតនៅក្នុងតំបន់ប៉ុន្តែកើតឡើងនៅតំបន់ជុំវិញតំបន់នោះ)

Water saving with depletion of evapotranspiration and optimization of irrigation will contribute to saving of quality water on a national scale.
Introduction of cover crops will decrease the accelerating soil erosion and surface run-off. Sediment delivery ratio to the surface water bodies will decrease, due to what eutrification of lakes and rivers will decrease as well.

ផលប៉ះពាល់ទៅលើជីវៈចម្រុះ និងការកែប្រែអាកាសធាតុ

សូមពន្យល់ពីហេតុផល:

In R. of Macedonia CC have serious impact on agricultural production, in terms of high average air temperature and decreased rain fall with disturbed regime. Due to that several types of land degradation are accelerating e.g. soil erosion, soil organic matter depletion, and soil compaction. It is expected that introduction of cover crops can contribute to the mitigation of the negative impacts of CC in agriculture.
Explain the reasons: Introducing of cover crops is expected to have an major impact on vineyards and orchards on sloppy terrains with rows oriented down slope. Having in mind that reestablishing of plantations is costly and time consuming process, introduction of such measure can be considered as an excellent adaptation measure towards mitigation of the negative impacts of CC and the inappropriate soil management on agricultural soils (e.g. soil erosion, depletion of SOM, soil water loss etc.).|

តើការវិភាគថ្លៃដើម និងអត្ថប្រយោជន៍ត្រូវបានធ្វើឡើងដែរឬទេ?

តើការវិភាគថ្លៃដើម និងអត្ថប្រយោជន៍ត្រូវបានធ្វើឡើងដែរឬទេ?

ទេ

តើបច្ចេកទេសត្រូវបានផ្សព្វផ្សាយ/ណែនាំទៅទីតាំងផ្សេងៗទៀតដែរឬទេ?

តើបច្ចេកទេសត្រូវបានផ្សព្វផ្សាយ/ណែនាំទៅទីតាំងផ្សេងៗទៀតដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

តើនៅកន្លែងណា?

Prespa region

តើការលើកទឹកចិត្ត ក្នុងការសម្របសម្រួលជួយសម្រួលដល់ការផ្តល់នូវបច្ចេកទេសដែរឬទេ?

តើការលើកទឹកចិត្ត ក្នុងការសម្របសម្រួលជួយសម្រួលដល់ការផ្តល់នូវបច្ចេកទេសដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមបញ្ជាក់ពីប្រភេទនៃការលើកទឹកចិត្ត:

• ការលើកទឹកចិត្តផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ(ឧទាហរណ៍៖ កម្រិតនៃការអនុគ្រោះ ជំនួយពីរដ្ឋ បដិភាគ subsidies មូនិធិជាសាច់ប្រាក់ ការធានាផ្នែកកម្ចី។ល។)

តើអ្នកអាចកំណត់លក្ខខណ្ឌសំខាន់ៗចំនួនបីដែលនាំឱ្យទទួលបានជោគជ័យទៅលើការអនុវត្តន៍ល្អ/បច្ចេកទេសដែលបានបង្ហាញដែរឬទេ?

It is possible to replicate this practice due to a several reasons: the implementation of the measure is easy, its implementation does not need special know how and technology, and its implementation is cheap|

ការថងចម្លង

ទៅតាមទស្សនៈរបស់អ្នក តើការអនុវត្តន៍ល្អ/បច្ចេកទេសដែលអ្នកបានលើកឡើងអាចជាន់គ្នា បើទោះបីជាមានកម្រិតខ្លះនៃការបន្សុំា​ មាននៅកន្លែងផ្សេងដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

តើនៅត្រឹមកម្រិតណា?

• ថ្នាក់តំបន់
• ថ្នាក់ជាតិ

ទាក់ទងទៅនឹងធនធានមនុស្ស

The implementation of this practice is still an ongoing activity in our country, so to this moment no cost-benefit analysis, sup ups and lessons learned, have been performed yet.|